London Swaminathan at SOAS in 1993
Date uploaded in London – 18 JUNE 2024
Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com
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Hindu Gods sung by Valluvar
Tolkaappiyam, the oldest Tamil book, says Indra, Varuna, Vishnu and Durga are Tamils’ Gods. Tolkaaappiyam used Aram Porul Inbam (Dharma Artha Kama ) together in at least two places. Sangam literature also did this; Following them, Valluvar used it in his book.
Hindu Gods in Tirukkural:
Indra –Kural No.25
Brahma – Kural No.1062, 377
Yama – Kural No.269, 332, 765, 1083, 1085
Vishnu/Krishna/ Vamana/Trivikrama – 1103, 610
Krishna -1258, 1228??
Lakshmi – 179, 519, 617, 920
Lakshmi’s eldest sister- 617, 936
Shiva – 580
Dharma Artha, Kama (kaama)- 501, 754, 760
Dhaanam, Tavam- 19, 295
Bhagavad Gita echo- 1, 620, 617, 509
Pancha Tantra Stories- 481, 500, 633, 495,
273, 274, 277
Karma and Rebirth- lot of Kurals
Brahmins- Lot of Kurals
Sanskrit words – over 600 Kurals including the Very First Kural and Very Last Kural
Non Killing/ Vegetarianism – 251 to 260; 321 to 330; total- 20 couplets
Violence – 550, 264, 1077, 1078, 1224
Valluvar was against Jainism and Buddhism- Valluvar praises Grihasthaashramam/Family life. He used Manu’s couplet and says Having a wife is better because he can help his family, Ascetics and Pitrs/departed souls; Buddhists and Jains don’t praise Grihasthaashramam.
Valluvar supports death sentence and violence against misers openly; Though we know through history books, both Jains and Buddhists involved in violence, their scriptures don’t support death sentence openly. Valluvar speaks about death sentence even in Love/Sex couplet.(I have been doing research in Tirukkural for over 50 years.)
I will briefly explain the couplets (Kurals) mentioned above, in the next article.
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Tiru Valluvar with sacred thread
Who said that Tirukkural is ‘Tamil Veda’?-
Tiruvalluva Malai(maalai) is an appendix to Tirukkural (TK); there are 55 poems praising TK. Dravidians are scared to see these poems and so deleted from all latest TK books. The reason is that this section praises the Four Hindu Vedas ad compares TK with them. It is considered later addition to TK; but yet the names of Sangam Age poets are there. Probably they are related to Sangam age poets. But we are more interested in their sayings.
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Goddess of Learning Saraswathi and Tamil poets
Ugra Peruvazuthi, Nakkirar, Mamulanaar (maamuulanaar), Kothamanar, Nallanthuvanaar, Thodiththalai Vizuththantinaar, Velliveethiyaar, Maangudi Maruthanaar, Kaarikkannanaar, Perunchiththiranaar, Nari Veruuvuth thalaiyaar,Kovur Kizaar, Seyalur Kodunchengkannanaar, Vannakkan Saaththanaar, Kodinjaalan Maani puutanar etc praised TK as Veda in Tamil or TK advocates Dharma Artha Kaama Moksha- four values of the Hindus.
Tamil poet Kavuniyanaar says,
The kural’s sweet to mouth and ear and the mind
‘T is balm for two fold deeds that birth rebind
‘T was sung by Valluvar the poet wise and true
That we might know the righteous path of old anew
Of these 55 Tamil poets
Kothamanaar (Gauthama) says something interesting
“Brahmins don’t WRITE Vedas thinking that it would lose its power because unfit people may read it. But Tirukkural in WRITING can be read by fit and unfit people and yet it wouldn’t lose its strength.”
(Gauthama is a Brahmin belonging to Gauthama Rishi Gotra/clan)
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Another poet by name Vannakkan Chaaththanaar says
When one scrutinises Sanskrit and Tamil to find out which is better, one finds it difficult to conclude; Now we have Vedas in Sanskrit and Tiruvalluvan’s Kural in Tamil (so no more debate; both are great books)
Because of these comparisons and praise of Four Hindu -Values Dharma Artha Kama Moksha, Dravidians stopped publishing the appendix Tiru Valluva Malai. But all the 60 to 100 year old books have this section. But Dravidians could not do anything about the book’s real name DHARMA ARTHA KAMA (Muppaal in Tamil).
Popley in his translation continuously refer to Valluvars indebtedness to Manu Smriti and Artha Saastra.
To be continued…………………………….
Tags- Tirukkural, Hindu Gods, Violence, Avatars, Gita Echo, Pancha Tantra stories.
Tamil and Vedas 