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From latest science magazines,
“Elephants seem to use personalized calls to address members of their group, providing a rare example of naming in animals other than humans.
“There’s a lot more sophistication in animal lives than we are typically aware,” says Michael Pardo, a behavioural ecologist at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. “Elephants’ communication may be even more complex than we previously realized.”
Other than humans, few animals give each other names. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and orange-fronted parakeets (Eupsittula canicularis) are known to identify each other by mimicking the signature calls of those they are addressin”g.
What Hindus said 5000 years ago is confirmed by today’s scientists .
Hindus said that animals too dream in hundreds of Sanskrit and Tamil poems 2000 years ago. Now only dream researchers confirm it. Neither Freud nor Jung knew it.
Hindus say moon helps plants to grow. Scientists do not know until this day. Probably they will confirm it soon. If Hindus move in rocket speed, western scientists move in snail speed.
All that we said in Navagraha Hymn is yet to be confirmed by them. They are very, very slow. We said about Big Crunch and Big Bang. The western scientists are yet to confirm Big Crunch.
We said Time is cyclical and till this day western scientists think Time is linear. They will realise their blunder soon.
We showed Einstein is wrong. We showed that speed of light can be beaten from Mahabharata stories, Bhagavata stories and Tamil Sambandar and Sundarar stories. Scientists still believe that speed of light cannot be beaten. Ony in science fiction stories they talk like Hindus . They are terribly slow in physics and cosmology.
Elephants have Personal Names!
When you call your son or daughter or a friend you call them by their personal names. The latest research shows that elephants have personal names which is already in Hindu epics 5000 years old at least.
Hindus named all the famous Indian elephants and horses. Even Alexander named his horse as Bucephalus. Sangam age Tamils named their horses Kari (kaari), Ori etc.
Asvattama (asvataamaa) , the most famous elephant, changed the course of the Mahabharata war 5200 years ago.
Pandava chief Yudhisthira was the embodiment of truth, justice, compassion and righteousness. On the fifteenth day of the battle Drona, the commander of the Kaurava army, heard that his son Asvattama was killed. Dejected and disappointed Drona dropped his bow and arrow and as planned by Krishna, Pandava army commander Dhrishtadhyumna killed him . But Asvattama that was killed was not his son. It was the name of an elephant. Krishna asked someone to kill it and asked Yudhisthira to announce it loudly, but the last few words in low tone. Only the last few words had the message it was elephant named Asvattama. Because Kaurava army lost its Chief commander Drona, father of Asvattama, the Kauravas lost the war.
This episode shows that Hindus named their pet animals 5200 years ago . Mahabharata war is dated around 3200 BCE. This is not the only animal name. Hindus named Ashta Dik Gajangal (8 elephants in 8 directions) with eight special names.
Indra’s elephant was Airavata,
elephant that was killed by Krishna was Kuvalayapeetam,
elephant that was tackled by Buddha was Nalagiri, and
Lord Skanda’s elephant was named Pinimukha etc.
Words for elephant in other languages came from the Sanskrit word Ibha= Ebur (Latin), Ephos (Greek), Ebu (Ehyptian), Elephant (English).
In the Panchatantra stories we have names for all animals. And we reported that they spoke to one another. So, Hindus knew they have names and they addressed each one with that personal name. Now scientists report it as if they discovered something new!
In the most famous Gajendra Moksha story, we know that elephant named Gajendra called Vishnu to save it from the crocodile.
Most of us name our pet dogs and cats and they respond immediately when we call them with that name.
Here is the latest news from magazines:
Elephants call out to each other using individual names that they invent for their fellow pachyderms, according to a new study.
While dolphins and parrots have been observed addressing each other by mimicking the sound of others from their species, elephants are the first non-human animals known to use names that do not involve imitation, the researchers suggested.
For the new study published on Monday, a team of international researchers used an artificial intelligence algorithm to analyse the calls of two wild herds of African savanna elephants in Kenya.
The research “not only shows that elephants use specific vocalisations for each individual, but that they recognise and react to a call addressed to them while ignoring those addressed to others”, the lead study author, Michael Pardo, said.
“This indicates that elephants can determine whether a call was intended for them just by hearing the call, even when out of its original context,” the behavioural ecologist at Colorado State University said in a statement.
The researchers sifted through elephant “rumbles” recorded at Kenya’s Samburu national reserve and Amboseli national park between 1986 and 2022.
Using a machine-learning algorithm, they identified 469 distinct calls, which included 101 elephants issuing a call and 117 receiving one.
Elephants make a wide range of sounds, from loud trumpeting to rumbles so low they cannot be heard by the human ear.
Names were not always used in the elephant calls. But when names were called out, it was often over a long distance, and when adults were addressing young elephants.
Adults were also more likely to use names than calves, suggesting it could take years to learn this particular talent.
The most common call was “a harmonically rich, low-frequency sound”, according to the study in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution.
When the researchers played a recording to an elephant of their friend or family member calling out their name, the animal responded positively and “energetically”, the researchers said.
But the same elephant was far less enthusiastic when played the names of others.
Unlike those mischievous parrots and dolphins, the elephants did not merely imitate the call of the intended recipient.
This suggests that elephants and humans are the only two animals known to invent “arbitrary” names for each other, rather than merely copying the sound of the recipient.
“The evidence provided here that elephants use non-imitative sounds to label others indicates they have the ability for abstract thought,” the senior study author George Wittemyer said.
The researchers called for more research into the evolutionary origin of this talent for name-calling, given that the ancestors of elephants diverged from primates and cetaceans about 90m years ago.
Despite our differences, humans and elephants share many similarities such as “extended family units with rich social lives, underpinned by highly developed brains”, the CEO of Save the Elephants, Frank Pope, said.
“That elephants use names for one another is likely only the start of the revelations to come.”
—subham—
Elephants , personal names, they talk, Gajendra, Airavata, Nalagiri, Kuvalayapeedam, Asvattama.
Tamil and Vedas 