Written by London Swaminathan

Post No. 15,936

Date uploaded in London – 2 July 2026

Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com

Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.

this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.

tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com

xxxx  

Part 5; Mantra 31

ந கர்மணா ந ப்ரஜயா தனேன

த்யாகேனை  கே அம்ருதத்வ மானசு:

—கைவல்யோபநிஷதம் 2 

கர்மத்தினாலன்று, மக்களைப் பெறுவதாலன்று, செல்வத்தாலன்று, தியாகத்தாலேயே பரம்பொருளை அடைந்தனர்

தியாகம் – எல்லாவற்றையும் துறப்பது ; மனமுவந்து  வித்துவிடுவது.

न कर्मणा न प्रजया धनेन त्यागेनैके अमृतत्वमानशुः परेण नाकं निहितं गुहायां विभ्राजते तद्यतयो विशन्ति

— Kaivalya Upanishad also in Sanyasa suktam

na karmaṇā na prajayā dhanena tyāgenaike amṛtatvamānaśuḥ .

pareṇa nākaṃ nihitaṃ guhāyāṃ vibhrājate tadyatayo viśanti||

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உமாஸஹாயம் பரமேச்வரம்  ப்ரபும்

த்ரிலோசனம் நீலகண்டம் ப்ரசாந்தம்

த்யாத்வா முனிர் கச்சதி பூதயோனிம்

ஸமஸ்தஸாக்ஷிம் தமஸ: பரஸ்தாத் 

—கைவல்யோபநிஷதம் 7

உமா   தேவியைத் துணையாகக் கொண்டிருப்பவ

னை,  தேவிக்குத் தலைவனை, பரமேஸ்வரனை, ஆண்டவனை, முக்கண்ணனை , நீலகண்டனை, பராமசாந்தி மூர்த்தியை,  தியானித்து , உயிர்களுக்கெல்லாம் பிறப்பிடமாயிருக்கிற, அனைத்துக்கும் சாக்ஷியாயிருக்கிற , அஞ்ஞான    இருளுக்கு அப்பாற்பட்டவனாயிருக்கிற  அந்த சிவனை ,  ஒரு முனிவன், அடைகிறான்.

कैवल्योपनिषद् (Verse 7)

उमासहायं परमेश्वरं प्रभुं त्रिलोचनं नीलकण्ठं प्रशान्तम्।ध्यात्वा मुनिर्गच्छति भूतयोनिं समस्तसाक्षिं तमसः परस्तात्॥

Mantra 7 — Kaivalya Upanishad

Umasahayam paramesvaram prabhum, trilochanam nilakantam prasantam |

Dhyatva munirgacchati bhutayonim, samastasakshim tamasah parastat || 7 ||

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தாம் யோகமிதி மன்யந்தே ஸ்திரம் இந்திரிய தாரணாம்

அப்ரமத்த: ததா பவதி யோகோ ஹி  ப்ரபவப்யயெள–கடோபநிஷதம் 6-11

உறுதியான இந்திரிய நிக்ரகத்தை ( புலன்களின் கட்டுப்பாட்டினை) யோகம் என்று சொல்லுகின்றனர்.  அதனால் யோகி கவனமாக இருக்க வேண்டும்.; ஏனெனில் யோகம் பெறவும் இழக்கவும் வல்லது.

Verse 2.3.11 of the Katha Upanishad

तां योगमिति मन्यन्ते स्थिरामिन्द्रियधारणाम् ।
अप्रमत्तस्तदा भवति योगो हि प्रभवाप्ययौ ॥ ११ ॥

tāṃ yogamiti manyante sthirāmindriyadhāraṇām |
apramattastadā bhavati yogo hi prabhavāpyayau || 11 ||

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34

யுஜேவாம்  ப்ரஹ்ம பூர்வ்யம் நமோபிர்

விச்லோக  ஏது  பத்யேவ ஸூரே:

ச்ருண்வந்து ஸர்வே  அம்ருதஸ்ய புத்ரா ஆ  

ஏ திவ்யானி  தாமானி  தஸ்து:

—ஸ்வேதாச்வதரோபநிஷத் 2-5

சான்றோர்களுடைய  வழியிலேயே சென்று பரம் பொருளாகிய பிரம்மத்தின் கண் உங்கள் இருவரையும் தியானத்தால் சேர்ப்பேன். போற்றுதற்குரிய பழம்பொருள் எப்போதும் ஒளிவீசட்டும்.  தேஜோ மண்டலத்தில் வசிப்பவர்களாகிய  அம்ருதத்தின் (அழியாத பொருளின் ) புதல்வர்களே! நீங்கள் எல்லோரும் நான் சொல்வதைக் கேளுங்கள் !

Or

உங்களுடைய பழைய பிரார்த்தனையையும் துதிகளையும் நான்  சேர்த்துச் சொல்கிறேன் ; என்னுடைய இந்த துதியானது சான்றோர்களுடைய வழியில் செல்லட்டும்;  (மேல் உலகத்தை அடைந்தவர்களும்) அம்ருதத்தின் (அழியாத பொருளின் ) புதல்வர்களே! நீங்கள் எல்லோரும் நான் சொல்வதைக் கேளுங்கள் !

 (from the Rigveda 10.13.1 and Shvetashvatara Upanishad 2.2)

युजे वां ब्रह्म पूर्व्यं नमोभिर्वि श्लोक एतु पथ्येव सूरेः।
शृण्वन्तु विश्वे अमृतस्य पुत्रा आ ये धामानि दिव्यानि तस्थुः॥

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35

திலேஷு தைலம் ததினீவ ஸர்வபிராப : 

ஸ்ரோத: ஸ்ரவணீஷு சாக்னி:   

ஏவமாத்மா (அ)த்மனி க்ருஹ்யதே (அ)செள

ஸத்யேனைனம் தபஸா  யோ(அ)னுபச்யதி

–ஸ்வேதாச்வதரோபநிஷத் 1-15

எள்ளில் எண்ணெய் போன்றும், தயிரில் வெண்ணெய் 

போன்றும், மரக்கட்டையில் தீ போன்றும் பரமாத்மன்  நம்முள் — ஜீவாத்மாவின்கண் — மறைந்துள்ளான் .

ஒப்பிடுக –

“விறகில் தீயினன் பாலில் படுநெய்போல்

மறைய நின்றுளன் மாமணிச் சோதியான்

உறவு கோல்நட்டு உணர்வு கயிற்றினால்

முறுக வாங்கிக் கடையமுன் நிற்குமே”.

—திருநாவுக்கரசர் தேவாரம்

तिलेषु तैलं दधिनीव सर्पि-

रापः स्रोतःस्वरणीषु चाग्निः ।

एवमात्माऽत्मनि गृह्यतेऽसौ

सत्येनैनं तपसायोऽनुपश्यति ॥ १५॥

सर्वव्यापिनमात्मानं क्षीरे सर्पिरिवार्पितम् ।

आत्मविद्यातपोमूलं तद्ब्रह्मोपनिषत् परम् ॥ १६॥

tileṣu tailaṃ dadhinīva sarpi-

rāpaḥ srotaḥsvaraṇīṣu cāgniḥ .

evamātmā’tmani gṛhyate’sau

satyenainaṃ tapasāyo’nupaśyati .. 15..

sarvavyāpinamātmānaṃ kṣīre sarpirivārpitam .

ātmavidyātapomūlaṃ tadbrahmopaniṣat param Shvetashvatara Upanishad 1.15–16;

To be continued………

 Tags- முக்கிய உபநிஷத மந்திரங்கள், Part 5, ஸ்வேதாச்வதரோபநிஷத், எள்ளில் எண்ணெய் போன்றும், கைவல்யோபநிஷதம்

Written by London Swaminathan

Post No. 15,934

Date uploaded in London – 1 July 2026

Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com

Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.

this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.

tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com

xxxx 

சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் கடவுள்கள்! – கடவுளை எதிர்க்கும் திராவிடர்களுக்கு செமை அடி!!

புறநானூறு புள்ளிவிவரங்கள்! -Part 2

லண்டன் சாமிநாதன் ஆராய்ச்சிக் குறிப்புகள் :

புறநானூறு என்னும் சங்க கால பழைய நூலில் குத்து மதிப்பாக 7200 வரிகள்;  குத்து மதிப்பாக 43,200 சொற்கள்.

சங்க நூல்களிலும் காளிதாஸனிலும் இந்துமத தகவல்கள் ஒரே  மாதிரி இருப்பதை ஒப்புமை காட்டி ஏற்கனவே  நூற்றுக்கணக்கான கட்டுரைகளை எழுதியுள்ளேன் ; எனது பிளாக்குகளில் காண்க

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பாடல் எண்கள்

அந்தணர் – புறம்-1, 2, 397, 362, 126, 200, 201; சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் சுமார் இடங்கள்

நால்/ வேதம் – புறம்-2, 224, 15; பரி.3-66, 5-23; மது.468,  656;

அந்தணர், நான்மறை– புறம்-.6, 20, 93,362; அகம்181; பட்டி202;. தொல். பாயிரம்; பரி.9-12;

அந்தணர் முத்தீ–  புற..2, 367;  பரி.5-42;

அகத்திய நட்சத்திரம் – பொதியில் முனிவன் – பரி.11-11

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அமிழ்தம் அமிர்தம் , அமுது, அமுதம்- புறம்-10, 125, 182, 361, 390, 399, 392, 150,

சுமார் 42 இடங்களில் சங்கப் புலவர்கள் நான்கு விதமான ஸ்பெல்லிங் பயன்படுத்திப் பாடினார்கள். தமிழர்கள் அதி தீவிர   இந்துக்கள் என்பதால் அவர்களுக்கு கடல் கடைந்த புராணக்கதை அத்துபடி!

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சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் கடவுள்கள் – கடவுளை எதிர்க்கும் திராவிடர்களுக்கு செமை அடி

மாயோன் மேய காடுறை உலகமும்

MAAYON(VISHNU) GOD OF THE FORESTS

சேயோன் மேய மைவரை உலகமும்

SEYON(SKANDA) GOF OF THE HILLS

வேந்தன் மேய தீம்புனல் உலகமும்

KING (OF DEVAS) GOD OF SWEET WATERED LAND

வருணன் மேய பெருமணல் உலகமும்

VARUNAN, GOD OF VAST SAND (COAST)

முல்லை குறிஞ்சி மருதம் நெய்தலெனச் சொல்லிய முறையாற்

RESPECTIVELY BELONG TO MULLAI, KURINJI, MARUTHAM, NEITHAL,

சொல்லவும் படுமே

இது தொல்காப்பியத்தின் (அகத்திணையியல்) பாடல் வரிகள் ஆகும்.

FROM TOLKAPPIAM PORUL ADIKARAM

இந்த வரிகள் தமிழ் நிலத்தின் நான்கு திணைகளையும், அதற்குரிய கடவுள்களையும் வரிசைக்கிரமத்தில் கூறுகின்றன

VISHNU மாயோன் (திருமால்): காடு மற்றும் காடு சார்ந்த முல்லை நிலத்திற்குரிய தெய்வம்.

MURUGAN/SKANDA/KARTIKEYA சேயோன் (முருகன்): மலை மற்றும் மலை சார்ந்த குறிஞ்சி நிலத்திற்குரிய தெய்வம்.

INDRA/KING OF GODS வேந்தன் (இந்திரன்): வயல் மற்றும் வயல் சார்ந்த மருதம் நிலத்திற்குரிய தெய்வம்.

VARUNAN வருணன் (கடவுள்): கடல் மற்றும் கடல் சார்ந்த நெய்தல் நிலத்திற்குரிய தெய்வம்.

1

இந்திரன், இந்திரர், இந்திர, — புறநானூறு 182;

ஐங்.62;  பரி. 8-33, 19-50; பரி. திரட்டு 2-97;

வேந்தன்/ தொல்காப்பியம்

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2

வருணன் /தொல்காப்பியம்

புறம்.9-10;

கலி.131-1/2; 220-1;

அகம் .110-4/5; 270-9/12; 240-8/9;201-3/7;156-13/18

நற்றிணை  155-5/6;

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3

மாயோன் , மாயவன் / விஷ்ணு

நற்றிணை – கடவுள் வாழ்த்து;

புறம்.57, 291;

கலி.105-35,

மது.591;

நற்.32;

பரி.15-33;

பரி. திரட்டு 8-1;

BLUE/BLACK COLOURED நீலநிற உருவின் நேமியோன் –புறம்.58;

தொல்காப்பியம்

GARUDA FLAG புட்கொடி -புறம் 56;

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4

DURGA கொற்றவை /துர்கா

திரு .258;

பரி. 11-99,100;

கொற்றி – கலி.89-8;

குறு .218;

DEVI OF AYIRAI HILLS அயிரைமலை தேவி /கொற்றவை – பதிற்று.9-14/18;88-11; 88-24; 80-19/21;

DEVI OF VIDHYA MOUNTAIN விந்தியமலை தேவி ;விந்தியாவாசினி– பதிற்று.88-1/5

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5

MURUGA/SKANDA முருகன் , முருக , முருகு/ ஸ்கந்தன்

குறுந்தொகை- கடவுள் வாழ்த்து

புறம் 16, 23, 299, .56-14; 259-5;

அகம். 22-11; 28-6; 118-5; 137-8;138-10; 181-6; 232-14; 272-13; 288-4; 1-3; 59-11; 98-10; 158-16.

திரு. 269, 243, 244,

மது. 38, 181, 724;

சுமார் 40 இடங்களில் வருகிறது 

பிள்ளையார் – முருகனின் பெயர்– திருமுருகாற்றுப்படையில் சுமார் 5 இடங்களில் வருகிறது 

கொற்றவை சிறுவ -திரு 258;

பழையோள் குழவி -திரு.259;

பிணிமுக வாஹனம் . புறம்.56; திரு.247;

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6

BALARAMA வாலியோன் / பலராமன்

புறம் .56-12;

பரி. 2-20;

நற்றி.32-2;

பனைக்கொடியோன் -புறம் 56;58;

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7

சங்க நூல்களின் கடவுள் வாழ்த்துப் பாடல்கள் சிவபெருமானைப் போற்றும் துதிகள் ஆகும் ; அவை பாரதம் பாடிய பெருந்தேவனார் பாடியவை -புறநானூறு, அகநானூறு, ஐங்குறுநூறு.

SHIVA ON BULL விடை ஏறு-சிவ பெருமான் – 

திரு .151, 152;

புறம் 1, 56;

SHIVA UNDER BANYAN TREE ஆலமர் செல்வ / தட்சிணாமூர்த்தி-திரு.256; சிறுபாண்.97;கலி.81-7;83-14;

புறம்.198; 

SHIVA WITH THREE EYES முக்கண் , முக்கட் செல்வர் , முக்கண்ணான்- புறம்.6-18;  அகம்.181-16; கலி. 2-4; 104-12 ;101-24;

SHIVA WITH SAPPHIRE COLOUR NECK மணிமிடற்றோன் – புறம் 56; நீலகழுத்து சிவன் ;

பால்புரை பிறைநுதல் பொலிந்த

நீலமணிமிடற்று ஒருவன் போல – புறம் 91

கறைமிடற்று அண்ணல்-புறம் 55;

SHIVA WITH UMA உமை ஒரு பாகன் –  கலி.38-2;  முருகு.153, 154;

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8

சங்கப்பாடல்களில் அதிகம் இடம்பெற்றுள்ள வேத கால தெய்வம் யமன் தான்.

யமன், ஞமன், கூற்றுவன், காலன் – புறம்.4, 5, 41, 226, 255,  75, 98, 210, 221, 227, 230, 237, 361, 362;363, 366;

பரி.3-21/23; 5-61;

அகம். 61;

எருமை வாகனம் – கலி.101-25; 103-43;

குறு.283;

மலைபடு.209;

கலி.100-15; 105-37/38;

பதிற்று.14-10;39-8;26-13; 51-35; 84-7;

யமன் கையிலுள்ள தராசு/துலாக்கோல்  – புறம்.6-8/10; பரி.5-61; கலி.100-13/16;

யமன் மீது மக்கள் கோபம் – புறம்.210-8; 237-9; 255-4; நற்றிணை 271-11/12;

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9

33 தேவர்- பரி.8-3/7; 3-6; திரு.167, 168; சிலப்பதிகாரம்.5-176;

10

அஹல்யா – அகலிகை– பரி.19-50;

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11

Look at Vasishta in Ursa Major/ Sapta Roshi  Constellation; Star Vasishta is a Doule Star and Arundhati star is one of them. People with good eye sight can see the second star in clear nights.

அருந்ததி — புற.122, ஐங். 442;

பெரு 303, 304;

கலி. 2-21;

பரி.5-44-49;

சிலப்பதிகாரம் 1-27; 5-229;

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12

ராக்ஷஸர்கள்

அரக்கர் , அரக்கன், அரக்க, அரக்கத்து – புறம்.378; அகம்.14; கலி.84, 38;  பதி. 30-27;

அவுணர் / அசுரர் – புறம்174;. குறு.1;  திரு.59; பதி.11-4;  பரி.5-7, 8-8; 3-56; மது.590;  கலி.2-3;

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13

முக்கோல் – த்ரிதண்டி கலி.9-12; 126-4; முல்லை.38

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14

பிராமண கோத்திரங்கள்

கவுண்டின்யர்,வாதுளர், கோசிகர், ஆத்ரேயர், காசியபர்;

தொல்காப்பியரும், காப்பியாற்றுக் காப்பியனாரும் கபி / கவி  என்னும் காவ்ய கோத்திரத்தைச் சேர்ந்தவர்கள்

தொல்காப்பியரின் பெயர் த்ருண தூமாக்கினி என்று ‘உச்சிமேற் புலவர்கொள்’ நச்சினார்க்கினியர் செப்புகிறார்..

பாலைக் கெளதமனார் – கெளதம கோத்ரம்

செல்லூர் கோசிகன் கண்ணன் –  கெளசிக

பெருங் கெளசிகனார் , இளம் கெளசிகனார் – கெளசிக

கள்ளில் ஆதிரையனார், தங்கால் ஆத்ரேயன் – ஆத்ரேய

கொடி மங்கலம் வாதுளி நற்சேந்தன் – வாதூல

கார்க்கியார் – கார்க்ய

மதுரை கவுணியன் பூதனார் – கவுண்டின்ய

ஆமூர்க் கோதமன் சஹதேவன் –  கெளதம கோத்ரம்

கவுண்டின்ய கோத்ர விஷ்ணுதாசன் -166

காப்பிய கோத்ர – தொல்காப்பியனார் ;

காப்பிய கோத்ர  காப்பியாற்றுக்  காப்பியனார் ;

இவர்களைத் தவிர கபிலர், பரணர், நக்கீரர் முதலிய சுமார் 20 பிராமணப் புலவர்கள் தங்கள் கோத்திரங்களை வெளியிட வில்லை.

நச்சினார்க்கினியர் என்னும் உரை ஆசிரியர் சுமார் 600 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன் வாழ்ந்தவர். அவர்தான் தமிழில் அதிக உரைகளை நமக்கு எழுதிவைத்தவர். அவர் எழுதிய ஒவ்வொரு உரை முடிவிலும் தன்னை மதுரை பாரத்வாஜ கோத்திரத்தைச் சேர்ந்த  நச்சினார்க்கினியர் எழுதிய உரை என்று பெருமையாக தம்பட்டம் அடிக்கிறார்.

Uma with Skanda= Sa+Uma+Skanda= Somaaskanda 

TO BE CONTINUED………………………..

சங்க இலக்கியம், கடவுள்கள், திராவிடர்களுக்கு, செமை அடி, புறநானூறு புள்ளிவிவரங்கள்! ,Part 2, லண்டன் சாமிநாதன், ஆராய்ச்சிக் குறிப்புகள்

 

WRITTEN BY S NAGARAJAN

Post No. 15,817

Date uploaded in London – 2 June 2026

Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com

Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.

This is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.

tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com

xxxx

S Nagarajan Articles index for MAY 2026

1-5-26  15679 ஹம்பியில் உள்ள ஊசி துவார கேமரா அமைப்புள்ள     விருபாக்ஷர் ஆலய அதிசயம் (24-4-26 கல்கி கட்டுரை)                 2-5-26 15685 S.Nagarajan Articles index April 2026                              3-5-26 15689 பெருமை மிகு தமிழகத்தில் பாண்டிய மண்டலம் (30-4-26 மாலைமலர் கட்டுரை)                                              4-5-26 15693 பெருமை மிகு தமிழகத்தில் சோழ மண்டலம் (30-4-26 மாலைமலர் கட்டுரை)                                               5-5-26 15696 பெருமை மிகு தமிழகத்தில் கொங்கு மண்டலம் (30-4-26 மாலைமலர் கட்டுரை)

6-5-26 15702 பெருமை மிகு தமிழகத்தில் தொண்டை மண்டலம் (30-4-26 மாலைமலர் கட்டுரை)                                                                                                             7-5-26 15706 இசை தரும் உற்சாகம் (3-5-26 தினமணி கட்டுரை)                           8-5-26 15709 விஜயபாரதம் முப்பெரும் விழா – எழுத்தாளர்களுக்கு விருது வழங்கி கௌரவிப்பு – சப்த ரிஷிகள் நூல் வெளியீட்டு விழா          9-5-26 15714 டாக்டர் கேசவ பலிராம் ஹெட்கேவார் – தனித்துவ வழி கண்ட தலைவர்                                                                                                                       10-5-26 15718 பரமபூஜனீய ஶ்ரீ மாதவ சதாசிவ கோல்வல்கர் – பன்முகம் கொண்ட பண்பாளர்                                                                                                              11-5-26 15722 ஶ்ரீ ஏக்நாத் ரானடே – தீர்வு கண்ட தீரர் – சப்தரிஷிகளின் வரிசையில் மூன்றாவது ரிஷி!                                          12-5-26 15727 ஶ்ரீ தத்தோபந்த் தெங்கடி – பல்துறை கண்ட வித்தகர் – சப்தரிஷிகளில் நான்காவது ரிஷி!                                    13-5-26 15731 ஶ்ரீ சிவராம்ஜி – சாமானிய சாதனையாளர் சப்தரிஷிகளில் ஐந்தாவது ரிஷி                                                           14-5-26 15735 ஶ்ரீ சூரியநாராயணராவ் ஜி அசாத்திய சாதகர் சப்தரிஷிகளில் ஆறாவது ரிஷி!

15-5-26 15739 வீரத்துறவி இராம.கோபாலன் – சப்தரிஷிகளில் ஏழாவது ரிஷி!                                                             16-5-26 15743 மரணத்தைக் கண்டு அஞ்சாதே – ஶ்ரீ சத்ய சாயிபாபா அருளுரை (கல்கிஆன்லைன் 4-5-26 கட்டுரை)                          17-5-26 15747 வள்ளுவர் கூறும் நீடித்து வாழ்வார் யார்? (கல்கிஆன்லைன் 9-5-26 கட்டுரை)                                                                                                                                 18-5-26 15753  மனதில் குடியிருக்கும் ஆறு பாம்புகளை அடக்குங்கள்! ஶ்ரீ சத்ய சாயிபாபா அருளுரை (10-5-26 கல்கிஆன்லைன் கட்டுரை)             19-5-26 15757 ஒவ்வொரு மனிதனும் ஒரு அதிசய உலகம் தான்! நவீன மூளை இயல் தரும் செய்தி! (தினமணி 17-5-26 கட்டுரை)              20-5-26 15761 ஜாக்கிரதை! சபலங்கள் உங்களை வாழ்க்கையில் ஆபத்தில் கொண்டு விடும்! (18-5-26 கல்கிஆன்லைன் கட்டுரை)                  21-5-26 15765 நாஸ்திகனுக்கு என்ன வேலை சனாதன தர்மத்தில்?                 22-5-26 15769 நீண்ட ஆயுள் தரும் ‘ப்ளூ ஜோன்ஸ்’ ரகசியங்கள்: டான் பூட்னர் கூறும் 8 பழக்க வழக்கங்கள் என்ன? (19-5-26 கல்கிஆன்லைன் கட்டுரை)-5-26                                                      23-5-26 15774

பெண் சாமுராய் உண்டா? ஆச்சரியத் தகவல் (15-5-26 மங்கையர் மலர் கட்டுரை)                                          24-5-26 15779 எல்லன் ஒச்சுவா – அதிசயப் பெண்மணி! (13-5-26 மங்கையர் மலர் இதழில் பிரசுரமான கட்டுரை)                                25-5-26 15783 மா ஆனந்தமயி (30-4-26 கல்கிஆன்லைன் கட்டுரை)             26-5-26 15787 ராம நாம மஹிமை – ஶ்ரீ சத்ய சாயிபாபா அருளுரை (24-5-26    தீபம் கட்டுரை)                                                    27-5-26 15791 உணவை எப்படி சாப்பிட வேண்டும்? நூறு வார்த்தைகளில் பதில் (ஹெல்த்கேர் ஏப்ரல் 26 கட்டுரை)                              28-5-26 15796 புதிய ஆய்வு –  ஜங்க் ஃபுட் மூளையை பாதிக்கும்! (ஹெல்த்கேர் ஏப்ரல் 26 கட்டுரை)                                   29-5-26 15800 மரணத்தை வெல்ல ஒரு மாநாடு (கல்கிஆன்லைன் கட்டுரை)                                                         30-5-26 15805 ஏரோபிக் பயிற்சிகளால் ஏற்படும் நன்மைகள் யாவை? (ஹெல்த்கேர் மே 26 கட்டுரை)                                         31-5-26 15808 உங்கள் வாழ்க்கையை வெற்றிகரமாக அமைத்துக் கொள்ள 81 கட்ட வரைபடம்! (கல்கி ஆன் லைன் இதழில் வெளியாகியுள்ள கட்டுரை!

**

Written by London Swaminathan

Post No. 15,752

Date uploaded in London –17 May 2026

Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com

Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.

this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.

tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com

xxxx 

Tiru Valluvar emphasized chastity only for women like all old-fashioned Smriti (Hindu Law Books) writers. He shows himself as an old-fashioned writer in couplet 58 where he says they shall find glory in the world of Gods. He reminds us of Sita, Savitri, Damayanthy, Chandramathy, Kannaki et al

This is applicable only for people who follow oriental religions and not Abrahamic religions. So Tirukkural has no universal appeal. Tamils must have the guts to admit it. If ten Christian Bishops and Ten Maulvis approve Tirukkural as acceptable then we can say this book is for all. When we look at his attack on meat eaters it will be clearer. Even Buddhists eat meat. Even Asoka instructed his people to use less meat. Only Jains and orthodox South Indian Brahmins are pure vegetarians. In the Eastern part of India, Brahmins consume fish.

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Part 12

Following Translations are used:

1.A Aranganatha Mudaliyar – ANM+2 and B.L. Aranganatha iyer and R. Srinivasa Desikan. Year 1933 

2.S M Diaz, I G of Police- SMD Year 2000

3.Rev.Dr.GU Pope – GUP. Year 1886

4.Suddhananda Bharathiyar- SB

5.EVS Publishers, Singapore- EVS. Year 1986

6.H A Popley – HAP (not full book) Year 1931

7.Tamil Original

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56.She is a wife who, keeping watch over herself, tends her husband with loving kindness and jealously guards the honour of her home —ANM+2 and B.L. Aranganatha iyer and R. Srinivasa Desikan. Year 1933 

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56.One who never falters in protecting herself, while tending her husband

And keeping the good name of the family, is a woman indeed —S M Diaz, I G of Police- SMD Year 2000

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56.
Who guards herself, for husband’s comfort cares, her household’s fame,
In perfect wise with sleepless soul preserves, -give her a woman’s name.
She is a wife who unweariedly guards herself, takes care of her husband, and preserves an unsullied fame.– .Rev.Dr.GU Pope – GUP. Year 1886

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56.The good wife guards herself from blame,
She tends her spouse and brings him fame–     Suddhananda Bharathiyar- SB

***

56.She who guards her virtue, tenderly cares for her husband, and maintains  the reputation of both, is a good wife –EVS Publishers, Singapore- EVS. Year 1986

***

56.She is true wife who, guarding self and cherishing her spouse,

With tireless goodness their good name unsullied holds HAP (not full book) Year 1931

***

56. தற்காத்துத் தற்கொண்டாற் பேணித் தசைசான்ற
சொற்காத்துச் சோர்விலாள் பெண்

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57.Of what avail is your ceaseless watching and guarding? The surest armour of a woman is her own chastity–ANM+2

**

57.Of what avail is watch and ward? A woman ‘s will is the best safeguard of her honour– SMD

***

57.
Of what avail is wat ch and ward?
Honour’s woman’s safest guard.
What avails the guard of a prison ? The chief guard of a woman is her chastity.—GUP

***

57.Of what avail are watch and ward?
Their purity is women’s guard.     – SB   

***

57.Of what use are prison walls to protect a woman’s virtue? The woman’s possession of a firm mind is her best protection– EVS

***

57.What is the use of prison’s ward for wife?

Her ward of chastity is chief —HAP

***
57. சிறைகாக்குங் காப்புஎவன் செய்யும் மகளிர்
நிறைகாக்குங் காப்பே தலை

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58.In the world of the gods will be sung the glory of the lovely one who is true to him that gained her as his bride–ANM+2

***

58. A wife who helps her husband to win name and fame, will not only share the honour

With her husband, but will gain glory in heaven– SMD

***

58.
If wife be wholly true to him who gained her as his bride,
Great glory gains she in the world where gods bliss abide.
If women shew reverence to their husbands, they will obtain great excellence in the world where the gods flourish.—GUP

***

58.Women who win their husbands’ heart
Shall flourish where the gods resort.   – SB     

***

58.She who gains the affection of her husband by her faithful devotion to him is honoured among the Gods– EVS

***

58.if wives their husbands cherish well,

they shall find glory in the world of Gods —HAP

***
58. பெற்றாற் பெறின்பெறுவர் பெண்டிர் பெருஞ்சிறப்புப்
புத்தேளிர் வாழும் உலகு

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59.Never can a man boast of the lion-like gait before his scornful foes, whose wedded wife leads a shameless  life on earth —ANM+2

***

59.If a man’s wife does not bring him credit and honour, he cannot walk

With proud leonine gait in the face of his detractors- SMD

***

59.
Who have not spouses that in virtue’s praise delight,
They lion-like can never walk in scorner’s sight.
The man whose wife seeks not the praise (of chastity) cannot walk with lion-like stately step, before those who revile them.– GUP

***

59.A cuckold has not the lion-like gait
Before his detractors aright.       – SB 

***

59.He who does not possess an ideal wife, who values the reputation of chastity cannot hold his head up among his friends – EVS

***

59.They cannot walk with lion hearted pride,

Whose wives guard not their name ‘fore mocking eyes –BAP

***
59. புகழ்புரிந்த இல்லிலோர்க்கு இல்லை இகழ்வவார்முன்
ஏறுபோல் பீடு நடை

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60.The wise deem the virtuous ways of a wife  a blessing and worthy offspring a good ornament of the home–ANM+2

***

60.A good wife brings beauty and happiness to family life

And good children are its fine ornaments—SMD

***
60.
The house’s ‘blessing’, men pronounce the house-wife excellent;
The gain of blessed children is its goodly ornament.
The excellence of a wife is the good of her husband; and good children are the jewels of that goodness.—GUP

***

60.An honest wife is home’s delight
And children good are jewels abright. – SB       

***

60.A virtuous wife is a blessing, and good children are its adornment – EVS

***

60.A man’s good fortune is his wife’s own worth;

Its ornaments his good children are —HAP
***

60. மங்கலம் என்ப மனைமாட்சி மற்றுஅதன்
நன்கலம் நன்மக்கட் பேறு

To be continued……………………………….

Tags-  Part 12, Who is a Good Wife? Who is a Bad Wife? Tirukkural Encyclopaedia ,Chapter 6 (Kural 56-60)

Tiru Valluvar’s wife Vasuki was a chaste woman; she did miracles. So Valluvar thought all women can do miracles if they worship their husbands. Modern women laugh at Valluvar’s belief.

Written by London Swaminathan

Post No. 15,746

Date uploaded in London –16 May 2026

Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com

Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.

this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.

tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com

xxxx 

Couplet 55 is controversial one; Valluvar was superstitious. Modern women don’t support Valluvar. They question his statement that HUSBAND IS A SUPER GOD. WE see many more such superstition in Tirukkural. I will point it out when we take such Kurals. He thought that every woman could do miracles like his devoted wife Vasuki.

***

Part 11

Following Translations are used:

1.A Aranganatha Mudaliyar – ANM+2 and B.L. Aranganatha iyer and R. Srinivasa Desikan. Year 1933 

2.S M Diaz, I G of Police- SMD Year 2000

3.GU Pope – GUP. Year 1886

4.Suddhananda Bharathiyar- SB

5.EVS Publishers, Singapore- EVS. Year 1986

6.H A Popley – HAP (not full book) Year 1931

7.Tamil Original

************

The Goodness of the Help to Domestic Life 6. வாழ்க்கைத் துணைநலம் – The worth of a wife

51.She is a good helpmate who possesses all the wealth of wifely virtues and spends not beyond the means of her husband –ANM+2 and B.L. Aranganatha iyer and R. Srinivasa Desikan. Year 1933 

***

51.A woman who maintains her family status and manages her household

Well within her husband’s resources, is an ideal wife S M Diaz, I G of Police- SMD Year 2000

***

51.
As doth the house beseem, she shows her wifely dignity;
As doth her husband’s wealth befit, she spends: help – meet is she.
She who has the excellence of home virtues, and can expend within the means of her husband, is a help in the domestic state. –GUP. Year 1886

***

51.A good housewife befits the house,
Spending with thrift the mate’s resource —Suddhananda Bharathiyar- SB   
***

51.A wife of excellent virtues who is capable of managing the household within the means of her husband is real household help in home– EVS Publishers, Singapore- EVS. Year 1986

***
51.She is true helpmate of the home who having homely worth

Spendeth within her husband’smeans- HAP (not full book) Year 1931

***

51. மனைத்தக்க மாண்புடையள் ஆகித்தற் கொண்டான்
வளத்தக்காள் வாழ்க்கைத் துணை

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52.All other blessings avail not, if the wife is devoid of household excellence –ANM+2

***

52.If the wife lacks nobility of character, family life will become bleak;

And then wealth, status and the rest, are of no avail –SMD

***

52.
If household excellence be wanting in the wife,
Howe’er with splendour lived, all worthless is the life.
If the wife be devoid of domestic excellence, whatever (other) greatness be possessed, the conjugal state, is nothing. –GUP
***

52.Bright is home when wife is chaste.
If not all greatness is but waste.         – SB   

***

52. If a wife does not possess the virtues of household life that home will have no happiness, however splendid it may be in other respects– EVS

***

52.If homely worth be lacking in wife

Whatever worth there be, no homelife can be there- HAP

***

52. மனைமாட்சி இல்லாள்கண் இல்லாயின் வாழ்க்கை
எனைமாட்சித் தாயினும் இல்

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53.What is there that is lacking in the home that is sweetened by a worthy mate, and what would profit it, were it to be devoid of the charm of virtuous womanhood–ANM+2

***

53. If the wife possesses a noble soul, what more does man want?

If she lacks this, what is there in the life for him?—SMD

***
53.
There is no lack within the house, where wife in worth excels,
There is no luck within the house, where wife dishonoured dwells.
If his wife be eminent (in virtue), what does (that man) not possess? If she be without excellence, what does (he) possess? –GUP

***

53.What is rare when wife is good.
What can be there when she is bad?         – SB   

***
53.If the housewife be of good character, what will the home look like? If she be not such of what use is the home? — EVS

***

53.If she be worthy, what doth ever lack?

If she be worthless, then what else remains?- HAP

***

53. இல்லதென் இல்லவள் மாண்பானால்; உள்ளதென்
இல்லவள் மாணாக் கடை
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54.And what gift is more precious than a woman, who seeks strength in the citadel of her chastity? –ANM+2

***

54.What greater treasure can there be, than a woman,

Who has the abiding strength of chastity?—SMD

***

54.
If woman might of chastity retain,
What choicer treasure doth the world contain?
What is more excellent than a wife, if she possess the stability of chastit ? –GUP

***

54.What greater fortune is for men
Than a constant chaste woman?        – SB   

***

54.What possession of greater value can one have than a wife, if she can be firm in her loyalty to partner in life? — EVS

***

54.What is more precious than the wife

If rugged strength of chastity be hers? – HAP

***

54. பெண்ணின் பெருந்தக்க யாவுள கற்பென்னும்
திண்மையுண் டாகப் பெறின்

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55.Even the clouds as they pass , the behests of a woman they obey, who rising with the sun, worships no other Gods than her Lord–ANM+2

***

55.Even the clouds will obey and pour out rain at the bidding of a wife

Who prefers to worship her husband rather than any other God – SMD

***

55.
No God adoring, low she bends before her lord;
Then rising, serves: the rain falls instant at her word!
If she, who does not worship God, but who rising worships her husband, say, “let it rain,” it will rain. –GUP

***

55.Her spouse before God who adores,
Is like rain that at request pours– SB   

***
55. A wife who may not worship God but wakes up with worshipful devotion to her husband has the  power to make rainfall at her bidding—EVS

***

55.She who on waking, bows before her spouse and before no other God,

May ask for rain, and rain it will—HAP

***

55. தெய்வந் தொழாஅள் கொழுநன் தொழுதெழுவாள்
பெய்யெனப் பெய்யும் மழை

To be continued………………….

Tags- Valluvar, Superstition, Kural 55, Husband is Super God, Women won’t Support Orthodox Valluvar-Tirukkural Encyclopaedia, Chapter 6, (Kural 51-55), Vasuki, Miracles 

Written by London Swaminathan

Post No. 15,677

Date uploaded in London –30 April 2026

Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com

Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.

this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.

tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com

xxxx 

Festivals in May 2026; First of May- Chitra Pournami/Full Moon Day Festival; May Day; Madurai Vaigai River Azakar Festival; May 4- Agni Nakshatra period begins/Hot Days; May 26 Plnet Jupiter Transfer Day; May 28- Agni Star/Hot period ends; Bakrid; May 30- Vaikasi Visakam

Auspicious Days — May14, 15, 18,25, 28.

New moon day -16; Full moon days-1, 30; Ekadasi Fasting Days-13, 27.

***

नारदभक्तिसूत्राणि           प्रथमोऽध्यायः          परभक्तिस्वरूपम्

अथातो भक्तिं व्याख्यास्यामः । 1

**

सा त्वस्मिन् परप्रेमरूपा । 2

**

अमृतस्वरूपा च । 3

**

यल्लब्ध्वा पुमान् सिद्धो भवति अमृतो भवति तृप्तो भवति । 4

**

यत्प्राप्य न किञ्चिद् वाञ्छति न शोचति न द्वेष्टि न रमते नोत्साही भवति 5

**

यज्ज्ञात्वा मत्तो भवति स्तब्धो भवति आत्मारामो भवति । 6

**

सा न कामयमाना निरोधरूपत्वात् । 7

**

निरोधस्तु लोकवेदव्यापारन्यासः । 8

**

तस्मिन्ननन्यता तद्विरोधिषूदासीनता च । 9

**

अन्याश्रयाणां त्यागोनन्यता । 10

**

लोकवेदेषु तदनुकूलाचरणं तद्विरोधिषूदासीनता । 11

**

भवतु निश्चयदार्ढ्यादूर्ध्वं शास्त्ररक्षणम् । 12

**

अन्यथा पातित्यशङ्कया । 13

**

लोकोऽपि तावदेव भोजनादि व्यापारस्त्वाशरीरधारणावधि । 14

**

तल्लक्षणानि वाच्यन्ते नानामतभेदात् । 15

**

पूजादिष्वनुराग इति पाराशर्यः । 16

**

कथादिष्विति गर्गः । 17

**

आत्मरत्यविरोधेनेति शाण्डिल्यः । 18

**

नारदस्तु तदर्पिताखिलाचारता तद्विस्मरणे परमव्याकुलतेति । 19

**

अस्त्येवमेवम् । 20

**

यथा व्रजगोपिकानाम् । 21

**

तत्रापि न माहात्म्यज्ञानविस्मृत्यपवादः 22

**

तद्विहीनं जाराणामिव । 23

**

नास्त्येव तस्मिन् तत्सुखसुखित्वम् । 24

**

          द्वितीयोऽध्यायः

          परभक्तिमहत्त्वम्

सा तु कर्मज्ञानयोगेभ्योऽप्यधिकतरा । 25

**

फलरूपत्त्वात् । 26

**

ईश्वरस्याप्यभिमानद्वेषित्वात् दैन्यप्रियत्वात् च । 27

**

तस्याः ज्ञानमेव साधनमित्येके । 28

**

अन्योन्याश्रयत्वमित्यन्ये । 29

**

स्वयं फलरूपतेति ब्रह्मकुमारः । 30

**

राजगृहभोजनादिषु तथैव दृष्टत्वात् । 31

Taken from Sanskritdocuments website; thanks.

This free translation of Narada Bhakti Sutras was dictated by  Swami Vivekananda  in America.

Please note that it is not verbatim translation of Sanskrit aphorisms.

CHAPTER I

May 1 Friday

1. Bhakti is intense love for God.

**

May 2 Saturday
2. It is the nectar of love;

**
May 3 Sunday

3. Getting which man becomes perfect, immortal, and satisfied for ever;

**
May 4 Monday

4. Getting which man desires no more, does not become jealous of anything, does not take pleasure in vanities:

**
May 5 Tuesday

5. Knowing which man becomes filled with spirituality, becomes calm, and finds pleasure only in God.

**
May 6 Wednesday

6. It cannot be used to fill any desire, itself being the check to all desires.

**

May 7 Thursday
7. Sannyâsa is giving up both the popular and the scriptural forms of worship.

**
May 8 Friday

8. The Bhakti-Sannyasin is the one whose whole soul goes unto God, and whatever militates against love to God, he rejects.

**

May 9 Saturday
9. Giving up all other refuge, he takes refuge in God.

**

May 10 Sunday
10. Scriptures are to be followed as long as one’s life has not become firm;

**

May 11 Monday

11. Or else there is danger of doing evil in the name of liberty.

**

May 12 Tuesday

12. When love becomes established, even social forms are given up, except those which are necessary for the preservation of life.

**

May  13 Wednesday

13. There have been many definitions of love, but Nârada gives these as the signs of love: When all thoughts, all words, and all deeds are given up unto the

Lord, and the least forgetfulness of God makes one intensely miserable, then love has begun.

**

May 14 Thursday

14. As the Gopis had it —15. Because, although worshipping God as their lover, they never forgot his God-nature;

**

May 15 Friday

15. Otherwise they would have committed the sin of unchastity.

**

May 16 Saturday

16. This is the highest form of love, because there is no desire of reciprocity, which desire is in all human love.

**

May 17 Sunday

17. Bhakti is greater than Karma, greater than Jnâna, greater than Yoga (Râja-Yoga), because Bhakti itself is its result, because Bhakti is both the means and the end (fruit). CHAPTER II

**

May 18 Monday

18. As a man cannot satisfy his hunger by simple knowledge or sight of food, so a man cannot be satisfied by the knowledge or even the perception of God until love comes; therefore love is the highest.

**

May 19 Tuesday

19.These, however, the Masters have said about Bhakti:
One who wants this Bhakti must give up sense enjoyments and even the company of people. CHAPTER III

**

May 20 Wednesday

20. Day and night he must think about Bhakti and nothing else.

**

May 21 Thursday
21. (He must) go where they sing or talk of God.

**
May 22 Friday

22. The principal cause of Bhakti is the mercy of a great (or free) soul.

May 23 Saturday
23. Meeting with a great soul is hard to obtain, and never fails to save the soul.

**

May 24 Sunday
24. Through the mercy of God we get such Gurus.

**

May 25 Monday
25. There is no difference between Him and His (own) ones.

**

May 26 Tuesday
26. Seek, therefore, for this.

**

May 27 Wednesday
27. Evil company is always to be shunned;

**
May 28 Thursday

28. Because it leads to lust and anger, illusion, forgetfulness of the goal, destruction of the will (lack of perseverance), and destruction of everything.

**

May 29 Friday
29. These disturbances may at first be like ripples, but evil company at last makes them like the sea.

**

May 30 Saturday

30. He gets across Maya who gives up all attachment, serves the great ones, lives alone, cuts the bandages of this world, goes beyond the qualities of nature, and depends upon the Lord for even his living.

**

May 31 Sunday
31. He who gives up the fruits of work, he who gives up all work and the dualism of joy and misery, who gives up even the scriptures, gets that unbroken love for God.

To be continued in June 2026 Calendar……………………………

Tags- Narada Bhakti Sutras , May 2026 Calendar, English, Swami Vivekananda

Compiled by London Swaminathan

Post No. 15,663

Date uploaded in London –27 April 2026

Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com

Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.

this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.

tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com

xxxx 

(Narrinai is one of the anthologies in Sangam Tamil Literature)

From HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF THE TAMILS

K K PILLAY, MJP PUBLISHERS, CHENNAI, 1979

“Karpiyal or the wedded life of the married couple invariably followed Kalaviyal. Theoretically the observance of a moral code in conjugal relationship was enjoined on men no less than on women. But there seems to have existed a gulf between theory and practice. Man appears to have often deviated from the lawful path. According to the prescribed tradition of the Tamils ideal love is of the AINTINAI type. Both Kaikkilai and Perundinai were not suited for the higher sections of society. One form of Perundinai was man’s relationship with Parattaiyar or public women. Therefore, connections with Parattaiyar or concubines was looked down upon as unnatural and unbecoming of elegant men. Tolkappiyanar and Tiruvalluvar condemn this illicit relationship in unmistakable terms. Nevertheless, Narrinai no less than the other classics of love, reveals, in actual practice harlotry has become a well-established institution; several men fell victims to the paramours of the public women .

It is notable that during the period of pregnancy and confinement of the wife the man was inclined to seek sexual indulgence at the hands of Parattaiyar 53. It was but natural that the lawfully wedded wife became furious when she came to know about it. Public opinion, too, condemned  such immoral relationship. The Panan ( paanan)  and Virali served as the mediators between the man and the Parattaiyar. Later, too, when the wedded wife protested and evince her wrath the Panan tried to intervene and restore cordiality between the husband and wife 54.

Often there sprang up acute rivalry and ill feeling between the Parattai and who had enticed the man and his lawful wife. There is an interesting instance of a Parattai inciting the hatred of the wife against her husband by causing his attachment to herself to be made known to the wife. 55

She sent the word that it was he , who, out of infatuation had seized her sweet smelling tuft of hair. Evidently the Parattai wanted to sow discord between the man and his legitimate partner so that he permanently come under her own influence.  A more or less similar idea is found in stanza 225 in which it is stated that the Parattai openly accused the man  for having voluntarily sought her association.

In one case on behalf of the mistress her companion burst out furiously against the week minded man who had fallen a victim to the amours of a Parattai, and she scornfully asked him to gratify his physical lust as he liked and never to return to the house of his mistress. Even more attesting is the righteous indignation of a devoted wife who refused to touch her husband on account of  his association with Parattai. She reproached him by saying that touching of a person who had illicit connection with a Parattai is like touching the discarded pots.56

Parattayar seems to have vied with each other  in winning the affliction of affluent men. Unseemly quarrels and bitter rivalry arose between two Parattayar who competed in capturing the heart of  one and the same person. Certain stanzas 57 of Narrinai refer to the piquant situations which arose when a Parattai who had won the heart of a man found to her utter discomfiture that a rival had entered the field.

It is notable that among the Parattayar there are two categories known as Cherri Parattai and Kadal Parattai- (kaadal). The Cherri Parattai appears to have been a public harlot, while the Kaadal Parattai preferred to have relationship with a single individual of her choice. More often than not, she led virtuous life characterised by fidelity to the chosen person. Little wonder than, of the two classes the Kaadal Parattai occupied a higher social position than the Cherri Parattai.

On the whole it is clear that Parattayar constituted stain on society. married women sedulously tried to protect their husbands from the seductions of Parattayar.58

While recognising the existence of this foul institution it would be improper to over emphasise the position it occupied. It is of supreme importance to realise that the Parattayar have received a great attention at the hands of the poets because of the piquant situations which arose when dealing with men. From the number of stanzas devoted to the handling of themes connected with Parattayar it would be totally improper and unfair to exaggerate the role played by them in social life of the day. Indeed, it would not be too much to say ti was because of social disapprobation that poets found a special interest in handling of themes connected with this blot on society.

An outspoken characterisation, breathing a bitter condemnation of this social stain is of a piece with the forthrightness of the poets. It is because society has built up some standards of conduct that deviations from them  received an excessive  and almost a disproportionate attention at the hands of the poets of the age. False conversions of depicting the rosier side of life and ignoring the darker one was totally alien to the tendencies of those times.

Narrinai References

53- Narrinai stanza 380

54- stanza 30

55- stanza 100

56- stanzas 350, 260, 340, 360

57- stanzas 300, 320

58- stanza 20.

***

P T SRINIVASA IYENGAR ON TAMIL PROSTITUES

Tamil historians and Tamil scholars are scared to touch this subject . P T Srinivasa Iyengar in his book HISTORY OF THE TAMILS devote only nine lines in a book of 635 pages! So scared to touch this topic. He says,” Married life though commenced under such auspices, often did not run on even course. Post nuptial love was often put to a temporary or permanent end by the wiles of harlots who seduced husband from the path of faithfulness to the wedded wife. The instruction of harlotry- parattamai- was peculiar to the agricultural tracts, for during the periods of enforced idleness when the grain is ripening in the fields and when the fields lying fallow after harvest Satan finds some mischief for idle hands to do.”

***

Dr S Ramakrishnan on Tamil Prostitutes

Out of 966 Karpial (Family life) poems, 279 poems are about Parattai (prostitutes, harlots or public women). If we take it literally it appears that Tamil society consists of 50 percent prostitutes and 50 percent family women. But it is obvious that did not exist in any society. So, it will be a blunder to consider these imaginary scenes as actual portrayal of the society.

(English translation is mine)

***

My comments

Prostitution existed in all societies, cultures. One should not exaggerate it out of proportion. Foreigners took one reference in the Vedic literature about any bad thing and wrote absurd things in volumes. We must always remember this.

Word prostitute came from Sanskrit word Para Stri /other woman; and the Tamil word Parratai is also derived from this Para Stri. But there are many words in Tamil and English to describe public women.

***

Tiruvallluvar on Public Women

CHAPTER 92

PROSTITUTES

911. Behold the women that desire a man for the sake of his gold and not for the sake of love : their cajoleries will lead only to misery.

912. Behold the women who speak honeyed words, but whose thoughts are ever fixed on their own profit : consider their ways and keep them at a distance.

913. The prostitute pretendeth love when she embraceth her lover : but in her heart she feeleth even as one who hath touched a stranger dead body in a dark room.

914. Behold the men whose hearts are inclined to deeds of purity: they defile themselves not with the touch of harlots.

915. Behold the men who add deep study to a clear understanding: they defile themselves not with the touch of women whose charms are free to all.

916. Behold the men that have a regard for their own good : they touch not the hand of wantons who put up their lewd charms for sale.

917. Behold the men who are light-minded: they will seek the women who embrace with the body while their heart is somewhere else.

918. Behold the men who have not a discriminating understanding : the embraces of wily women are to them even as the fascination of the siren of the solitudes.^[1]

919. The soft arms of the well-decked harlot are the filthy ditch wherein contemptible fools drown themselves.

920. Women of two hearts, drink, and the dice-table, these are the delights of men when fortune forsaketh them.

–subham—

Tags-  Tamils, Sangam Age, Prostitution, Parattai, Harotry, concubines,Narrinai, KK Pillai, PTS, Prostitution , Ancient Tamil Nadu, Public women,  Tiruvalluvar, Tirukkural , SRK

Written by London Swaminathan

Post No. 15,659

Date uploaded in London –26 April 2026

Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com

Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.

this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.

tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com

xxxx 

Tamil Veda Tirukkural in English Translations Compiled by London Swaminathan – Chapter 1

Tamil Scholar Ki Va Jagannathan has given us he commentary of five old commentators on Tamil Veda Tirukkural in his massive volume running to 950 pages, published by Ramakrishna Mission Vidhyalayam, Coimbatore. But English translations by several translators are scattered. I am trying to put them together. In the past fifty years a lot of corrupted Tamil translations are published by politically oriented Tamils. But English translations are not that corrupted. They are more reliable.

I am compiling translations from at least six translators cum commentators.

To avoid repetitions and to save space I use the following abbreviations for authors.

Tiruvalluvar, author of Tirukkural, was a pukka, ardent Hindu and a great master of Bhagavad Gita. In the first chapter he praised GOD and so he was neither a Buddhist nor a Jain. Buddha never spoke about God and Jains were atheists. Tiru Valluvar used Bhagavad Gita in the first couplet Aksharaanam Akaarosmi (among the alphabets I am A)  from the Gita. He also used Gita’s Samsaara Saagaram in the last couplet of the first chapter.

Through out his book Valluvar used Dwanthwa/opposites found in Bhagavad Gita: like and dislike, this birth and future birth, earth and heaven, Day and Night etc

No person from Abrahamic religions (Jew, Christian, Muslim) will support Tiru Valluvar because he quotes FEET OF GOD in Seven out of ten couplets in the first Chapter. He belonged to fifth century CE according to linguists. His style and syntax placed him in Post Sangam era.

Neither Mahavir nor Buddha used SEA much because they were born and preaching in land locked regions of India. But Valluvar like Vedas, use sea even in the very first chapter.

God is incomparable, Peerless One are in Vishnu Sahasranama and Upanishads.

****

Following Translations are used:

1.V R Ramachandra Dikshitar- VRR, year 1949

(followed Aranganatha Mudaliyar’s translation that was published in 1933. See (ANM+2) )

2.GU Pope – GUP. Year 1886

3.Suddhananda Bharathiyar- SB

4.A Aranganatha Mudaliyar – ANM+2 and B.L. Aranganatha iyer and R. Srinivasa Desikan. Year 1933

5.EVS Publishers, Singapore- EVS. Year 1986

6.S M Diaz, I G of Police- SMD Year 2000

H A Popley – HAP (not full book) Year 1931

Mrs Tirunavukkarasu, Jaffna (not full book)

Wherever possible, I will add more translations.

****

In Praise of the Lord

1.A is the first stir in the world of sound; even so the Eternal Adorable One is the prime impulse of all creation A Aranganatha Mudaliyar – (ANM+2)

**

1.All alphabets have the letter (A) for their first, so has the world eternal God for its beginning– EVS Publishers, Singapore- (EVS)

**

1.All the letters have the letter A as their origin; this world has God as its origin- V R Ramachandra Dikshitar- (VRR)

**

1
A, as its first of letters, every speech maintains;
The “Primal Deity” is first through all the world’s domains.
As the letter A is the first of all letters, so the eternal God is first in the world. .(GU Pope)

**

Verse 1 “A” is the first and source of all the letters. Even so is God Primordial the first and source of all the world. (.Suddhananda Bharathiyar- SB)

**

1.The alphabet begins with A ;

So does the universe, with God -S M Diaz (SMD)

**

1.As letters all are based on A

The world is based on God – the First – H A Popley – HAP

**

திருக்குறள் கடவுள்வாழ்த்து

குறள் 1:

அகர முதல எழுத்தெல்லாம் ஆதி

பகவன் முதற்றே உலகு.

**

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2. Of what avail is one’s vast learning, if one adores not the holy feet of Him who is the pure light of wisdom– (ANM+2)

**

2.Of what avail is a man’s learning if he does not pray to God. (EVS)

**

2.Of what avail is learning, if the learned do not adore the good feet of Him who is of immaculate wisdom? (VRR)

**

2.
No fruit have men of all their studied lore,
Save they the ‘Purely Wise One’s’ feet adore.
What Profit have those derived from learning, who worship not the good feet of Him who is possessed of pure knowledge ? .(GU Pope)

**

Verse 2 What has learning profited a man, if it has not led him to worship the Good Feet of Him who is pure knowledge itself? (SB)

**

2.Learning and scholarship are of no avail if they do not lead

One to worship at the wise one’s divine feet (SMD)

**

2.What use is lore, if the leaned will not bow

Before the feet of -Him – The All wise One? – HAP

**

குறள் 2:

கற்றதனால் ஆய பயனென்கொல் வாலறிவன்

நற்றாள் தொழாஅர் எனின்.

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3.Those who mediate day and night on the sacred feet of the Lord that abides in the lotus shaped region of a devout heart shall endlessly inhabit the heavenly abode – (ANM+2)

**

3.Those who meditate day and night on the sacred feet of the Lord that abides in the lotus shaped region of a devout heart shall endlessly inhabit the heavenly home. (EVS)

**

3.Those who find refuge in the great feet (of Him) who lives in lotus of the heart (of the devotee) live eternally in heaven. (VRR)

**
3.
His feet, ‘Who o’er the full-blown flower hath past,’ who gain
In bliss long time shall dwell above this earthly plain.
They who are united to the glorious feet of Him who passes swiftly over the flower of the mind, shall flourish long above all worlds. .(GU Pope)

**

Verse 3 The Supreme dwells within the lotus of the heart. Those who reach His Splendid Feet dwell endearingly within unearthly realms. (SB)

**

3.Only those finding last life that that contemplate on Him,

Who has made the blossomed mind His abode (SMD)

**

3.They’ll live for ever in the land above

Who cling to Him that bides in lotus-hearts– HAP

**

குறள் 3:

மலர்மிசை ஏகினான் மாணடி சேர்ந்தார்

நிலமிசை நீடுவாழ் வார்.

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4.
His foot, ‘Whom want affects not, irks not grief,’ who gain
Shall not, through every time, of any woes complain.
To those who meditate the feet of Him who is void of desire or aversion, evil shall never come. .(GU Pope)

**

4.No ills of life ever touch those that alone cling to the feet of Him who is beyond the world of lies and dislikes (EVS)

**

4.No ills of life ever touch those that cling to the feet of Him who is beyond the world of likes and dislikes – (ANM+2)

**

4.Those who have attained the feet of Him who has likes or dislikes will be rid of all troubles. (VRR)

**

Verse 4 Draw near the Feet of Him who is free of desire and aversion. And live forever free of suffering. (SB)

**

4.No evil shall ever come to those who have contemplated,

Of Him who is above human frailties of desire and hatred (SMD)

**

4.Trouble shall never come to those

Who cling to the desireless One– HAP

**

குறள் 4:

வேண்டுதல் வேண்டாமை இலானடி சேர்ந்தார்க்கு

யாண்டும் இடும்பை இல.

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5. Deeds, good or evil, that spring from darkness shall not affect those who gloriously sing the praises of the Lord – (ANM+2)

**

5.Deeds, good or evil, that spring from darkness shall not affect those who gloriously sing the praises of the Lord (EVS)

**

5.Actions, both good and bad that spring from darkness of the mind will never touch those who ever chant the glories of the Lord-(VRR)

**
5.
The men, who on the ‘King’s’ true praised delight to dwell,
Affects not them the fruit of deeds done ill or well.
The two-fold deeds that spring from darkness shall not adhere to those who delight in the true praise of God. .(GU Pope)

**

Verse 5 Good and bad, delusion’s dual deeds, do not disturb Those who delight in praising the immutable, worshipful One. (SB)

**

5.Th twin deeds of dark illusion, will not affect

Those who delight meaningfully in God’s praise (SMD)

**

5.The twain dark deeds shall never be theirs,

Who give the Lord His rightful praise– HAP

**

குறள் 5:

இருள்சேர் இருவினையும் சேரா இறைவன்

பொருள்சேர் புகழ்புரிந்தார் மாட்டு.

To be continued …………………………………..

–subham—

Tags-Tirukkural Encyclopaedia, Chapter 1,Tamil Veda, English Translations, Compiled by, London Swaminathan – Chapter 1, God, In praise of God, Kural 1 to 5, Valluvar image