COMPILED BY LONDON SWAMINATHAN

Post No. 8047

Date uploaded in London – 26 May 2020   

Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com

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Sangam Tamil literature consist of 18 books running to nearly 30,000 lines. Over 2500 poems were composed by more than 450 poets. They belong to first three centuries of modern era (CE). Rig Veda also has over 400 seers with over 1000 hymns. Those hymns have over 10,000 mantras. Rig Veda is dated between 1500 BCE and 4000 BCE.

Here is a list of TAML and SANSKRIT words found in old literatures belonging to both the languages.

Scholars argue that Mina (fish), Neer/Nir (water), Mayura (peacock) found in the Rig Veda are few words borrowed from Tamil.  But no one has given the details of who used those Tamil words in the Rig Veda and what is the position of those Risis (seers) in chronological order. Tamils took at least 300 years to produce 2500 poems, Rig Vedic poets took at least 500 years to produce the present 1000 plus hymns. Someone has to probe into the chronology of those poets before coming to definite conclusions

I am giving a list of Sanskrit words found in the Tamil Sangam Works. I have taken most of the words from the book INDO-ARYAN LOAN WORDS IN OLD TAMIL by S. VAIDYANATHAN, 1971. I have not included words from Cilappadikaram, because I consider it a Post -Sangam work. But he has included Tolkappiam, Tirukkural and Cilappadikram in his book

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Abbreviations used in the list

Tolkappiam- TK

Cilappadikaram -CAM

Tirukkural -TKL

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Tamil Sangam books

A .Pattup pattu

1.Porunaraarruppatai – PNP

2.Cirupanaarruptai – CPP

3.Perumpanaarruppatai – PMP

4. Mullaippattu- MP

5.Maturaikkaanchi- MKI

6.Netunalvaatai – NNV

7.Kurincippaattu – KP

8.Pattinappaalai – PP

9.Malaipatukataam – MPK

10.Tirumurukaarruppatai -TMP

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B .Ettut tokai

1.Purananaauru -PNN

2.Akanaanuru – ANN

3.Narrinai – PMP

4. Kuruntokai – KTK

5.Patirruppattu -PPU

6.Anikurunuuru- Ai. KN

7.Kalittokai -KLT

8.Paripaatal – PPL

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1.Antaram , sky in TMP line 119. அந்தரம்

Intermediate space in RV

2.Manam ,PNN.183-4; Manan TMP line 90, mind மனம்

Manas mind in RV

3.Tuumam, PNN 117-1, smoke தூமம்

Dhuuma , smoke in RV

4.Ticai PP-2, direction திசை

Dis , direction in RV

Disaa in epics

5. Kalam, PMP 415, kalan MKI 48, battlefield, களம்

Khala ,threshing floor in RV

6.Pataakai PP 182, flag, பதாகை

Pat , to fly in RV

Pataakaa , flag in epics

7.Viccai , KLT 119-4, learning  விச்சை

Vidyaa -knowledge and vid- to know, in RV

8.Vecanai , PPL 20-13, entrance வேசனை

Vis , to enter in RV

Vesana – the act of entering in Bh P

9.Mukam, CPP -73, Mukan in PNN.207-4, face முகம்

Mukha , face in RV

10.Tantu ,KTK 156-3, staff, stick தண்டு

Danda , stick in RV

11.Mani , PNN. 56,PNP.21 gem, மணி

Gem in RV

12.Ulakkai , PNN. 221-8, pestle, உலக்கை

Uluukhala , a wooden mortar in RV

13.Aariyar, The kings of Andhra, ANN 276-9, ஆரியர்

Aarya , honourable  in RV

14.Iyakkan , PNN.71-14, name  of a king, இயக்கன்

Yaksha , spiritual apparition in RV

15. Valayam – PPL.13-52, bracelet, வலயம்

Valaya – bangles since the epics,

Var – wrap up, environ in  RV

16.Mangala , PNN.332, auspicious மங்கலம்

Sumangala , auspicious in RV

Also in CAM6-125, beauty

Mangala , luck, Sat.brahmana

17.Vaanikap paricilan , PNN 208-7, TKL.120, TOL.3-622-1 வாணிகப் பரிசிலன்

Vanikan PNN.134-2, a merchant

Vanik (in compounds) in RV

18.Kalam , PNN.228-1, pot கலம்

Kalasa , water pot in RV

19. Punniyam ,PP.204, good deeds புண்ணியம்

Punya , virtuous in  RV

20.Pali ,PNP.183, a ball of rice offered to crow, PP.179. oblation, CAM.5-87 human sacrifice பலி

Bali, oblation in RV

21.Ulaku PNN.107-4, Ulakam PNP.176, world உலகு

Loka in RV

22.Maakam ,MKI 454, sky மாகம் 

Mahaa , great in RV, (Maghavan-Indra)

Kha – sky in RV

23.Kankai , PMP.431, the Ganges கங்கை

Gangaa in RV

24.Puruvam, PNP.26, eye-brow புருவம்

Bhru , eye brow, in RV

25.Uuci- PNN 82-4, north ஊசி

Udici , north in RV

26.Paaci, PNN 229-9, east பாசி

Praaci, east, in RV

27.Vaaranam ,ANN.172-1, elephant வாரணம்

Vaarana , wild, dangerous, in RV

28.Ankam, ANN137-1, body அங்கம்

Anga, limb of the body in RV

29.Acokam , KLT 57-12, Saraca indica, the Asoka tree

Asoka , without heat in RV அசோகம்

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FROM POST RIG VEDIC LITERATURE

Kanti CAM 12-57, neck கண்டி

Kantha in Satapata brahmana

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Kulam , Ai. KN, 259-3, community , குலம்

Kulan ,TKL 223, family

Kula in Satapata brahmana

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Mekalai,  KLT.96-16, upper garment மேகலை

Mekhela , girdle in AV

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Navamani CAM 3-116, nine gems நவமணி

Nava , nine in RV,

Mani , gem, RV

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Manta maarutam , CAM 4-44, breeze மந்த மாருதம்

Manda , slowly, softly, in epics

Maaruta proceeding from or consisting of the 

Maruts in RV

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Arasa kumarar , CAM 5-158, அரச குமாரர்,

Raja kulaara, panini

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Analan PPl.5-57, the fire god அனலன்

Since Manu and R

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Pintam , PNN.246-6, a ball of rice offered to the deceased ancestors,

பிண்டம்

Pinda , a ball of food offered to the deceased in Srauta and   Grhya sutras

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11.Kutaari , PPL 5-34, axe குடாரி

Kuthaara, axe, in R

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Palaasam KCP 88, butea frondosa பலாசம்

Palaasa  I Aitareya Brahmana

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Cakatam PMP 50, PNN 60-8, , 90-7, 185-2 சகடம்

(with different spellings), cart

Sakata , cart, in Chadogya Upanishad

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Picaaca KLT-65-17, ghosts, பிசாச

Pisaca – demon, imp in AV

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Aatava, sun, ANN.195-19, ஆதவ

Aatapa , sun shine Kathopanishad

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Naakam, elephant, NNv.117, நாகம்

Naaga, elephant, Aitareya Brahmana

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Vata Malai , PNN 67—7, Northern Mountains வட மலை

Uttaraparvata in R

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Kaayam PNN 20-4, aakaayam PPL 4-31, sky

காயம் ஆகாயம்

Aakaasa , sky in Aitareya Brahmana

TO BE CONTINUED……………………….

tags – Sanskrit words, , Sangam Literature, ,part 1,list,Rig Veda