Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
BRAHMA- First Part
God of creation; one of the Trinity, Brahma Vishnu Shiva.
Temples at Pushkar, Rajasthan, Brahmapureeswar in Tamil Nadu; all South Indian Saivite temples have Brahma’s statues.
No proper worship; like Archana, Sahasranama, Puja etc.
Sung by saints in all Saivite hymns as one searching for Shiva’s head along with Vishnu in Boar form searching for His feet; but both failed.
Brahma lied and so he was cursed that he won’t be worshipped on earth.
His abode is Satya Loka up above the earth. He has an end unlike Shiva and Vishnu. A new Brahma takes over.
But his life span in human years is very huge.
His wife is Sarsvati, Goddess of Wisdom and Education.
Brahma is portrayed as Prajapathi in the Vedas.
Now he is shown with four heads because one of his five heads was chopped off by Lord Shiva according to Tamil verses.
His references are in Tamil Sangam literature, Tirukkural, Tevaram, Tiruvasagam etc.
When he insulted others, Shiva cut off his fifth head. That happened at Tirukkandiyur near Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu according to Sthala Puranas (local temple legends). His beautiful figure is at that place.
When he failed to tell the meaning of Aum- Pranava mantra—he was imprisoned by Skanda, Shiva’s son; later released at the request of Devas.
He created Sapta Rishis from whom humans were created.
Tamil Encyclopaedia Abhidhana Chintamani of Singara velu Mudaliyar gives 67 points about Brahma.
His vehicle is swan (Hamsa);
He came from the belly of Vishnu on top of a lotus flower. In Tamil Tirukkural as Malarmisai ekinaan.
He gave boons to lot of Devas and Demons.
***
More about Brahma’s appearance
Brahma , distinct from Brahman, the all pervading Eternal Spirit, is the first member of the Hindu Triad. His principal function is Creation. Independent shrines dedicated to him are rare. Still figures of Brahma are commonly found decorating one of the niches in the north wall of the central shrine in Siva temples. Images of Brahma are sometimes seen on pillars, ceilings and other parts of the temple. But he is not worshipped as a chief deity except one or two temples in India.
According to Maanasaara, one of the standard works on sculpture, Brahma is represented with four hands. He has, however, one body with four heads. The image may be standing or seated. The form of the left lower hand exhibits the posture of conferring boons (Varada Mudra) while the right lower indicates protection (Abhaya mudra). The corresponding upper hands hold the water pot (Kamandalu) and the rosary (Akhsamaalaa) or sometimes the sacrificial ladle (Srik) and spoon (Sruva).
***
The following ornaments are seen in the finished picture of Brahma:
Earrings or pendants fashioned like the face of a crocodile.
The sacred thread, Yajnasutra, hanging right across the body from the left shoulder;
The scarf (Uttariiya) thrown round the neck so as to stretch down to the knees;
The utarabandhana, or literally girdle going round the belly;
Necklace and torque;
Armlets, arm-rings, wristlets, anklets, waist zone, finger rings set with gem stones etc.
His hair is made up in the fashion of Jataa-Makuta and he is attended by two goddesses Sarasvati on the right and Saavitri on the left.
Another representation shows Brahma riding a chariot drawn by Seven Swans (hamsa). He is seated on a full blown lotus flower (Tamil Tirukkral refers to it) , his eyes closed in a meditative posture. Goddess Saavitri is seated on his left thigh. There are various other representations of Brahma drawn purely from the imagination of the sculptor or painter, sometimes also based on puranic legends.
To be continued……………
Tags- Brahma, First part, Sarasvati, lotus flower, ornaments, Four heads, Hinduism through 500 Pictures in Tamil and English; படங்கள் மூலம் இந்து மதம் கற்போம் – Part 19
Oct 18, 2025, 11:24 AM | Updated 11:30 AM ISTTR Ramesh had challenged the construction of a shopping complex in front of the eastern gopuram of the Arunachaleswarar temple.A PIL by temple activist T. R. Ramesh has brought the Arunachaleswarar Temple under judicial spotlight, as the Madras High Court questions how far state-run temple departments can go in the name of modernisation and revenue.
Around 200 kilometres from Chennai is one of the most famous Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the Arunachaleswarar Temple in Tiruvannamalai, standing at the foot of the Annamalaiyar hill.
It is a landscape where devotion and heritage have converged for centuries. To this day, thousands of devotees walk barefoot around the hill every full moon on the 14-kilometre Girivalam path, their chants mingling with the scent of camphor and jasmine that fills the night air.
But it is during Karthigai Deepam that the town truly transforms. Lamps flicker on every street, temple gopurams give a golden glow, and atop the hill, a massive flame is lit, said to symbolise Lord Shiva himself as an eternal light.
This annual spectacle draws pilgrims from across India, reaffirming Tiruvannamalai’s place at the centre of Shaivite devotion. Amid this timeless faith, however, a modern battle over the temple’s surroundings has taken shape, a case that may redefine how sacred heritage coexists with the world around it.
A few days ago, the temple witnessed something unusual. Two judges of the Madras High Court came to look at construction works inside and outside the temple. These had been brought to their attention through a PIL filed by temple activist T. R. Ramesh.
While he had challenged the building of a shopping complex in front of the Rajagopuram (eastern tower) of the temple, the Bench later expanded the matter to assess other projects proposed by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HRCE) department.
Hours later, after a thorough inspection, Justices R. Suresh Kumar and S. Sounthar, who were hearing the matter, returned and, after a few days, passed orders staying all such civil works. The final judgment in the matter is expected soon.
Given the stand of the Court till the last hearing, it is unlikely to go in HRCE’s favour. The outcome, Hindu activists believe, will set a national precedent to stop seeing temples as sources of revenue generation and to draw a red line on what can and cannot be done at a heritage structure in the name of modern amenities.
At this timely moment, Swarajya spoke with Ramesh to follow up on the case, about which he had spoken with this publication in great detail before approaching the Court in November 2023.
Q: Could you begin by explaining what exactly your PIL challenged? It would be helpful for those who have not followed the matter previously.
A: The PIL was filed against a government order, G.O. No. 336 of 2023, that approved the construction of 150 shops, a shopping complex, right opposite the Raja Gopuram, the main eastern tower of the Tiruvannamalai temple. The estimated cost was Rs 6.36 crore, taken from the temple’s funds.
The land in question belongs to the temple and has a 16-pillar mandapam at its centre. That mandapam holds immense religious significance. During festivals, processional deities are first brought there for worship before being taken out in chariots or palanquins.
The open space is crucial because the Tiruvannamalai temple has almost one festival every month. It has two or three major festivals during the year, but almost every month there is some celebration.
During festival times, thousands of people gather in that space. That open space is very important, both for religious significance and practical reasons. Whenever there is open space in a vantage position, the HRCE department wants to develop it in the name of building shops or other constructions.
Q: How did the court respond when you initially brought this to its attention?
A: Soon after they brought the G.O., they started constructing. I was in Delhi at the time for a case in the Supreme Court. When pictures of the construction reached me, I mentioned it before a special Bench of Justice Mahadevan and Justice Adikesavulu, who were hearing temple cases.
I mentioned the matter on a Thursday afternoon, explaining what was going on in Tiruvannamalai. I managed to produce pictures of the construction and the plan to the Honourable Bench. I had asked a colleague to take printouts and give them to the court. When the judges saw that, they were shocked.
The government counsel said, “No, there are already shops there, we are just reconstructing them.” All sorts of lies were presented before the court. The counsel also claimed that there were shops as early as 1920 and that the court had recognised them. It was a blatant lie.
In 1920, the court had said that the land belongs to the temple, not to the municipality, and also that no shops should be opened there. I had that judgment, given to me by a devotee, and I presented it too.
When the judges saw that they were being misled, they were very upset. At 2:45 p.m., they said, “This work should stop right now, at this minute.” They told the government counsel, “Call the Commissioner and instruct him immediately. We want the status by 4 o’clock.” By 4 p.m., they confirmed the work had been stopped. Remember, I had not even filed any petition yet.
Subsequently, I filed the petition and the stay order continues.
Q: Please tell us about the arguments made in court. Did you mention anything more than what you have said earlier, that the HRCE Act does not allow the use of temple funds for these purposes? What was the stand taken by the department?
A: Yes. We were helped by a judgment delivered by the Madras High Court. On 9 January 2025, there was another case regarding a shopping complex being built using temple funds, not within the temple complex, but nearby.
That construction was challenged before the Chief Justice’s Bench. After extensive arguments, the Chief Justice said that temple funds cannot be used to build a shopping complex.
That was the Nandishwarar Temple near Chengalpattu. The order was very detailed and said that neither surplus funds nor the main funds of a temple can be used for such constructions. The government made the Executive Officer of the temple file an appeal before the Supreme Court. In May, the special leave petition was dismissed, so the High Court’s order became final.
Subsequently, when the Tiruvannamalai case came up again in August, we brought this order to the attention of the temple Bench and pointed out that it had been upheld by the Supreme Court. Immediately, the HRCE took a different stance, stating that they would not construct shops now, but would instead construct a queue complex and waiting area.
It is alleged that they had already taken money from the contractor in advance. When the work was stopped, the contractor demanded his money back. To compensate, officials told him they would give him some other civil work in the same place.
That is when I objected, saying that the case was about G.O. 336, which specifically concerned a shopping complex. If they wanted to do something else, they should withdraw that G.O.
The court said they should not go ahead with the construction, but the matter was not finalised. They were asked to bring proper plans and drawings for the proposed queue complex outside the temple.
When those plans were submitted, I produced photographs showing that massive constructions for a queue complex and waiting area were already going on inside the temple, very close to the ancient wall.
This construction inside the temple had not been disclosed. The HRCE presented it as if they were only proposing the queue complex outside, while work was already going on inside. When I presented the photographs, the judges were shocked that HRCE had hidden this fact.
They said, “How can you build such a thing inside the temple? You cannot do this at all.” On that day, a stay order was given, preventing any construction inside or outside the temple.
The court also said they would inspect the temple themselves. The inspection took place on 5 October. I requested that the petitioner also be present, and the judges agreed.
Q: Since the stay on construction continues, it is clear that the judges were not pleased with what they saw on site. But could you please walk us through what happened that day? Was it a thorough inspection or just a quick visit?
A: It was a detailed check. The two judges were there for a few hours. During the inspection, they found three guest houses built inside the temple in the fourth prakara, all modern structures.
They also saw a massive Annadhanam hall under construction. The officials had earlier said it would only be temporary and covered with asbestos sheets, but the judges observed that concrete pillars were already up.
I pointed out that they had not even obtained municipal approval. They (HRCE) said they would get the approval. I asked how they could even start without it. The judges noted everything, including a modernised mandapam being used as the temple office. They were visibly disturbed.
Q: What followed that was the last hearing on 9 October. What did the Bench say about the inspection, and did you make any fresh arguments?
A: Last week, when the matter came up again, HRCE submitted a list of ongoing works and falsely claimed most were 70 per cent complete, clearly to pressure the court.
I again raised the issue of the Annadhanam hall, saying that the municipality cannot approve it without referring it to the Heritage Commission, as per the Tamil Nadu Heritage Commission Act, 2012, which came into force on 1 March 2025.
Under that Act, any construction, development, or alteration in a heritage place cannot happen without approval from the Heritage Commission. The government counsel tried to say they had approval from a heritage committee, but that was a temporary body appointed by the court, not the statutory commission. The judges agreed.
I also presented an affidavit filed by the Municipal Commissioner in 2005 in the Supreme Court, stating there were only two shops inside the temple selling puja articles, and no shops outside or adjacent to it. All encroachments had been removed. The Supreme Court had accepted that affidavit and said that any future construction must have municipal approval.
I asked how these massive works could happen without it. Someone should go to jail for this.
The court continued the stay and directed the Tamil Nadu government to form the Heritage Commission within four weeks. The Act came in 2012 but was never operationalised until March 2025.
The court took cognisance after I presented the copy of the Act and the G.O. putting it into force. I doubt if the government will comply because the proposed composition of the Commission has too many bureaucrats and too few experts.
These are the developments so far.
Q: Are you happy with how the court proceedings have gone?
A: As far as interim measures go, yes. But look at the blatant violations. First, HRCE did not obey the law. Under the HRCE Act, temple funds can only be used for dharmic purposes. Constructing a shopping complex, that too in a sacred space used for monthly festivals, is completely anti-Hindu.
Second, the temple is being controlled illegally by HRCE. There is no order appointing an Executive Officer to this temple, yet one functions there, issuing tenders and orders. I have pointed this out to the court, but they said it does not fall under this PIL.
They already spent around Rs 50–75 lakhs on preparatory work. My prayer includes refunding that money to the temple and punishing those responsible, but the court has been silent on that so far.
The judges’ inspection made it clear that HRCE’s functioning is deeply problematic. I am grateful to the judges for personally visiting. Only then could they see the extent of what was happening in Tiruvannamalai.
The overall impression seems to be that all is not well, including crowd management and general administration. In fact, the judges orally observed that, given the scale of the temple and the crowds it attracts, it should be managed like Tirupati, under a Devasthanam-type structure.
That gives an idea of their thinking. They perhaps feel enough is enough.
So, I believe any judgment in the Tiruvannamalai case will be along similar lines, against the HRCE department.
Maa Annapurna idol adorned in gold at Kashi Vishwanath Temple complex
Story by HT Correspondent, VARANASI
• 6h •
The Silver coated idol of Goddess Maa Annapurna, housed in a temple located in Ishana Kona (the north-east corner ) of the Shri Kashi Vishwanath Temple premises, has been coated with gold, the temple administration said in a statement on Saturday.
A new chapter in the splendour and grandeur of the ancient idol began in 2025, when silver plated stone idol and the temple it resides in were adorned with gold from top to base, according to the Shri Kashi Vishwanath Temple administration.
The distribution of a symbolic “treasure trove” (Kazana) to devotees from the treasury of the Maa Annapurna Temple began on Dhanteras (October 18) and will continue until October 22, the day of Annakut. The prasad, given as part of this tradition, consists of a coin and puffed rice, and holds special significance for devotees who visit the temple and seek the blessings of the Goddess.
The original idol of Goddess Maa Annanpurna was reinstalled in the Ishan Kon of the Kashi Vishwanath Temple in 2021, following traditional rituals. The chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath, presided over the reinstallation ceremony. Alongside the original golden idol of Maa Annapurna, a silver-plated stone idol was also installed in the temple. This Silver plated idol of Maa Annapurna has now been coated with gold.
The original idol was stolen during the colonial period by idol smugglers and remained preserved in a museum in Canada for approximately 108 years. Its identity was confirmed through the joint efforts of Indian and Canadian universities. Following diplomatic and cultural efforts spearheaded by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the idol was repatriated to India in November 2021 and reinstated in the temple.
–subham—
Tags- Kasi, Varanasi, Golden , Annapurani, Diwali Darshan,Annakut, Kazana
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
Tamil Identity, Tamil Ritual Suicide, Tamil Front
Part Twenty Four; Akananuru Wonders continued………..
142தமிழ்கெழு மூவர்
In Akam verse 15, Maamoolanaar (MM) says that peacocks eat bitter gourd and bears eat Iluppai tree flowers and pods.
He says Paazi town of Chieftain Nannan is well guarded. Though my house had such a security, she ran away with that man.
Kosars of Tulu country had the virtue of hospitality; let my daughter’s place also should have that hospitality.
So, we got two historical points about Tulu country and Nannan’s Paazi.
***
143
In Akam verse 31, MM gives more Tamil History. He gives an epithet to Chera Choza, Pandya kings as Tamil Kezu Moovar. All the three great kings of Tamil Nadu were brought within one Tamil bracket. It shows that though they fought among themselves frequently, Tamil culture united them. TAMIL IS THEIR IDENTITY.
Tamils are united on the basis of Three Things only:
1.When Hindu rituals are done; we saw that RAJASUYA YAJNAM UNITED THREE TAMIL KINGS
2. Second occasion is when others invade Tamil Lands. Kaaravelan of Odisah clearly say that he broke the Dramila/Tamil Sanghtan/Front. Asoka also mentioned the three kingdoms, the earliest historical reference.
3.Anything to do with Tamil language also united the Three Great Kings- Chera Choza, Pandyan Kings. For instance, we see Tamil Kezu Muuvar in this verse; elsewhere we come across TAMIZAKAM, that is the land of Tamils.
***
144
Two more interesting points are in this verse. One is about land where many languages are spoken. It clearly shows that beyond Vekatam Hills (Tirupati- Tirumalai Temple Mountain) Tamil was not spoken; Kannadam, Telugu, Prakrit and Sanskrit were spoken. The lover had gone beyond Tamil speaking areas.
***
145
Another interesting thing is a reference to EARTH QUAKES. Tamil land is not prone to earthquake; Tamils have experienced three or four Tsunamis. Two Tsunamis devoured Two Madurais. But Tamils knew about earthquakes that destroyed many monuments in Northern India. MM definitely knew this and he used ;the scorching sun has devastated the land as if earth quake has struck it.(“நிலம்புடை பெயர்வது அன்றுகொல், இன்று?” என)
மொழிபெயர் தேஎத்தCountries where Many Languages Spoken
Last but not the least, MM also referred to the birds of the arid land. Vulture, eagle, falcons, birds of prey, pick the eyes of the dead animals and feed its little ones.
The main theme of the PAALAI (desert land or arid land) is separation; temporary separation of the lover and the lady love. Here also that is the main message is separation. But when a poets deals with it he gives us so much information about flora and fauna, geography and history, language and culture.
Fast unto Death பிராயபாவேசம், வடக்கிருத்தல் வெண்ணிப் பறந்தலை, சேரலாதன், கரிகாலன்
பாடல்: 55 (காய்ந்துசெலற்)
காய்ந்துசெலற் கனலி கல்பகத் தெறுதலின்,
ஈந்துகுருகு உருகும் என்றூழ் நீள்இடை,
உளிமுக வெம்பரல் அடிவருத் துறாலின்,
விளிமுறை அறியா வேய்கரி கானம்,
வயக்களிற்று அன்ன காளையொடு என்மகள் 5
கழிந்ததற்கு அழிந்தன்றோ இலனே! ஒழிந்துயாம்
ஊதுஉலைக் குருகின் உள்உயிர்த்து, அசைஇ,
வேவது போலும் வெய்ய நெஞ்சமொடு
கண்படை பெறேன், கனவ – ஒண்படைக்
கரிகால் வளவனொடு வெண்ணிப் பறந்தலைப் 10
பொருதுபுண் நாணிய சேர லாதன்
அழிகள மருங்கின் வான்வடக் கிருந்தென,
இன்னா இன்உரை கேட்ட சான்றோர்
அரும்பெறல் உலகத்து அவனொடு செலீஇயர்,
பெரும்பிறிது ஆகி யாங்குப், பிரிந்து இவண் 15
காதல் வேண்டி, எற் றுறந்து
போதல் செல்லாஎன் உயிரொடு புலந்தே! 17
In the earlier part we saw PRAAYOPAVESAM, that is facing Holy North and starve to death. When great king Cheralaathan was defeated by the great Choza emperor Karikaalan, Chera king died by facing north. He did this because he had injury on his back; that is not tolerated by Hindus. If they get injuries on the front of the body that is heroism; if they get injuries on back that is cowardice. In the great war at Venni, Chera king got injuries on his back.
Most interesting thing is that on such occasions, other scholars join him and starve themselves to death.
When Rama decided to end his life by jumping in to River Sarayu in Ayodhya, thousands and thousands joined him and died. If you do it, you get a Visa Free Direct flight to Heaven. It is in Hindu scriptures. MM in verse 55 too say this.
A mother whose daughter eloped with a man, says I ma not worrying about my run away daughter. But I am unable to die like the great Chera King and the scholars who died along with him. This is great Hindu virtue that we, hear from Ramayana days. When the Monkey army searched for Sita Devi in vain, some of them thought of committing suicide by Facing North.
To be continued………….
Tags: 24 Ancient Tamil Encyclopaedia- Part 24; One Thousand Interesting Facts! -Part 24, Fast unto Death பிராயபாவேசம், வடக்கிருத்தல் வெண்ணிப் பறந்தலை, சேரலாதன், கரிகாலன், மாமூலனார், தமிழ்கெழு மூவர்
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Topic- Some Interesting Facts
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SPECIAL EVENT-
Talk on Keezadi Excavations
Keezadi and South India
By
N Ganesh Raaja, Amateur Historian and Author
Ganesh Raaja. N hails from Tamil Nadu. He completed his engineering in 2003 and has more than twenty years of experience in the software industry.
He was attracted towards ‘History of India’ after noticing a defaming article in an Indian magazine. He has spent more than eight years researching on this subject. He has read vast number of books related to ancient Sanskrit literature, ancient Tamil literature, scientific evolution etc. written by eminent Indian and foreign scholars.
Each book he referred to catered to a specific aspect of Indian life. After understanding them, a natural interest arose in him to reconcile and chronologically arrange them in a ‘holistic’ and ‘interesting’ way. This is a first attempt at narrating India’s story ‘as-it-happened’.
The result is the book, titled, “The Jambū Island”. This book chronologically organizes the Rishis, kings, literaryevolution, people’slives, and scientificprogress based on Sanskrit and Tamil literature. It aims to eliminatemyths, interpolations, and exaggerations. It strives to present the story in a logical and captivatingnarrative, with many pictures.
This book covers the period from roughly 6000 BCE to 3138 BCE, narrating significant events including the rendering of the Vedicmantras by the Rishis, the Aryan clan split towards Iran resulting in the formation of the Zōrōastrians, the atrocities and defeat of the Haihaya clan, fusion of Nāgās and other native tribes into the Vedic religion, Āryancolonization of SouthIndia, and the Bharata battle at Kurukshetra.
Post launching his book, Ganesh has started an Youtube channel in Tamil to share his learnings. The goal of this channel to spread awareness about the greatness of our country and Hindu religion, to create a counter-narrative to the popular Dravidian ideology of Tamil Nadu.
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
இந்தக் கட்டுரை நாளைகுத் தமிழில் வரும்
Sudarsana Chakram is one of the main symbols of vaishnavas- Vishnu devotees. Vaishnava worship it separately in Vishnu temples under the name chakra perumal. It is in a separate shrine inside the temple.
Silpasara book describes Sudarsana to be brilliant as fire with sixteen arms holding thw weapons conch, discuss, bow, axe ,sword, arrow, trident,noose, goad, lotus, thunderbolt, plough, pestle, club and spear.
The figure has protruding teeth, fiery hair and three eyes . it is fully decorated and stands in front of a shatkona or hexagon. Dancing thus amidst flames of the discuss, the Sudarsana is supposed to kill all enemies. sometimes the image may be represented with four or eight arms holding the discuss in all of them.
At Tirupati the Sudarsana has sixteen arms but instead of hexagon an equilateral triangle is at the back. Within that a seated Narasimha is in Yogasana posture with flames of fire proceeding from his crown. This form of Narasimha is popularly known as Jvaalaa Narasimha.
The famous Chakrapani temple at Kumbakonam is dedicated to the discus Sudarsana of Vishnu.
The Sudarshana Chakra (Sanskrit: सुदर्शनचक्र, Sudarśanacakra) is a divine discus, attributed to the god Vishnu in the Hindu scriptures. The Sudarshana Chakra is generally portrayed on the right rear hand of the four hands of Vishnu. In the Rigveda, the Sudarshana Chakra is stated to be Vishnu’s symbol as the wheel of time according to one scholar.
IN THE EPICS
The Ramayana states that the Sudarshana Chakra was created by the divine architect, Vishvakarma. Vishnu slays a danava named Hayagriva on top of a mountain named Chakravana, seizing the discus from him.
In Mahabharata we find it in the hands of Krishna.
He beheads Shishupala with the Sudarshana Chakra at the Rajasuya yajna of Emperor Yudhishthira. He also employs it during the fourteenth day of the Kurukshetra War to obscure the sun. The Kauravas are deceived, allowing Arjuna to slay Jayadratha, avenging the death of his son. Vishnu used it to kill the crocodile which caught the leg of Gajendra. It is in the story of Gajendra Moksha sculpted from Gupta days.
Ahirbudhnya Samhita, Vishnu emanated in 39 different forms.[10] The Samhita is characteristic for its concept of Sudarshana. It provides mantras for Sudarshana, and details the method of worship of the multi-armed Sudarshana.
The Puranas also state the Sudarshana Chakra was made by Vishvakarma, featuring a legend regarding its origin: Vishvakarma’s daughter, Sanjña, was married to the sun god, Surya. However, due to her consort’s blazing light and heat, she could not approach him. When she informed her father regarding this, Vishvakarma diminished the brilliance of the sun so that his daughter could be with him. From the splendour of the Sun, Vishvakarma produced three divine objects: the aerial vehicle Pushpaka Vimana, the Trishula of Shiva, and the Sudarshana Chakra of Vishnu.
IN HISTORY
A Vrishni silver coin from Alexander Cunningham’s Coins of Ancient India: From the Earliest Times Down to the Seventh Century (1891)
The chakra is found in the coins of many tribes with the word gana and the name of the tribe inscribed on them.
Vrishni copper coins dated to later time were found in Punjab. Another example of coins inscribed with the chakra are the Taxila coins of the 2nd century BCE with a sixteen-spoked wheel.
A coin dated to 180 BCE, with an image of Vasudeva-Krishna, was found in the Greco-Bactrian city of Ai-Khanoum in the Kunduz area of Afghanistan, minted by Agathocles of Bactria.[18][19] In Nepal, Jaya Cakravartindra Malla of Kathmandu issued a coin with the chakra.
The Chakra Purusha in Pancharatra texts has either four, six, eight, sixteen, or thirty-two hands
The Chakra Purusha in Pancharatra texts has either four, six, eight, sixteen, or thirty-two hands.
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The Sudarshana Homam is performed by invoking Sudarshana along with his consort Vijayavalli into the sacrificial fire. This homam is very popular in South India.
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IN TEMPLES
Though Chakraperumal or Chakratalvar shrines (sannidhis) are found inside Vishnu’s temples, there are very few temples dedicated to Chakraperumal alone as the main deity (moolavar):
Sri Sudarshana Bhagavan Temple, Nagamangala
Chakrapani Temple, Kumbakonam – located on the banks of the Chakra Bathing Ghat of the Kaveri river. Here, the god is Chakra Rājan and his consort is Vijayavalli.
Jagannath Temple, Puri, where Jagannath (a form of Vishnu-Krishna), Subhadra, Balabhadra and Sudarshana are the main deities.
The temple of Chakraperumal in Gingee on the banks of Varahanadi is now defunct
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form of Shatrughna
In Kerala, Sudharsana Chakra is worshiped both directly and in the form of Shatrughna, one of four sons of King Dasharatha, and brother to Lord Rama, considered an avatar of Sudharsana Moorthy.
Alathiyur Pavelikkara Narayanathu Kavu Sudarshana Temple, Triprangode, Malappuram. A rare sudarshana temple complex in Kerala dedicated to Lord Sudarshana. Along with the main deity, Badrakali, Shastha and naga are worshipped here. The temple is also the paradevatha of mangalassery.
Thuravoor Sree Narasimha Moorthy Temple, Alappuzha- One of the rare temple complexes in Kerala, where two sanctum sanctorums are situated within a single Nalambalam (temple structure), one of the sanctums in dedicated to Lord Narasimha and the other to Maha Sudarsana Moorthy. The Sudarsana Moorthy Temple is believed to be 1300 years old.
Sreevallabha Temple, Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta – One of the oldest and largest temples in Kerala and one of the 108 Divya Desams, Sudharsana Moorthy is worshipped along with Sreevallabha in this temple. The temple for Sudarshana Chakra was built by Sreedevi Antherjanam of Sankramangalathu Illam, and was rebuilt by Queen Cherumthevi in 59 BC.
Thrichakrapuram Temple, Puthanchira- The main deity is Sudharsana Moorthy.
Ayyarvattom Sree Maha Sudharshana Temple, Eravannur, Kozhikode
Pallikkara Sri Mahavishnu Sudharsana Temple, Kozhikode
The Chakraperumal shrine inside the Simhachalam Temple is home to the rare 16-armed form.
Other temples with shrines to Sudarshana Chakra are Veeraraghava Swamy Temple, Thiruevvul; Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna; Thirumohoor Kalamegaperumal temple, Madurai; and Varadharaja Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram.
—subham—
Tags- Vishnu, discus, Sudarsana, Chakra, weapon, temples for Sudharsana, Hinduism through 500 Pictures in Tamil and English; படங்கள் மூலம் இந்து மதம் கற்போம்-16
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
Vishnu desceing from heaven; prison in Mathura
Part Fifteen
Yesterday I gave the concluding remarks for Mahabharata Wayang Puppet show of Indonesia in Tamil. Let us look at some matter in bullet points
Who are Pandavas? Yuthisthiran, Bhima, Ajuna were born to Kunti and Nakula ,Sahadeva were born to Madri and both the queens were wives of Pandu, the King who was ruling Hastinapura. Because he was cursed by Kindama Rishi he went to forest and died there.
Kunti got her children through the grace of (Yama) Dharma, Vayu and Indra where as Madri got her children by the grace of Asvini Devas. But Kunti’s eldest son was Karna who was born by the grace of Sun god. When she wanted to hide her first birth all the things started going wrong. Karna was floated in a basket in the river which was recovered by a chariot driver.
In the Indian Olympic Games , Karna wanted to participate but was prevented by the Pandavas saying he was not a king. Immediately Duryodhana proclaimed him as the king of Anga desa. This shows Duryodhana as great statesman.
Kunti could have said Karna was also a Kshatriya, but she did not say it.
Duryodhana and his 98 brothers were suffering from jealousy. At no time neither Gandhari nor Dhritarashtra corrected them. Shakuni was an evil person poisoning everyone’s mind. He spoiled all peace deals proposed by Lord Krishna
And when Yudhisthira lost everything including their wife Draupadi in the gambling, Dushasana, eldest of the Duryodhana gang disrobed her in the assembly. But Krishna saved her modesty by magically producing more and more saris.
When the war started Krishna used all his cunning plans and used Arjuna as his pawn. But Arjuna lost his beloved son Abimamyu too. At the end Aswathtama also killed all the children of Draupadi. This shows war is cruel and both sides suffer. Krisna’s policy was End justifies Means; so he adopted all treacherous schemes.
There is another lesson; not only jealousy destroyed Duryodhana gang; but also showing disrespect to woman also another reason for the destruction. When Dussasana disrobed Draupadi she made a vow she would never decorate her hair until Duryodhanadhis were destroyed. Bhima fulfilled her vow. He killed Dusasana in a cruel way. The hand which touched Draupadi in the assembly was plucked out from his body and he was beaten to death with the same hand.
This is another lesson. If you molest a woman, you will be destroyed.
Third lesson was untruth will cause destruction. Kunti never revealed that Karna was her eldest son. If she were honest in the very beginning, Mahabarata war would not have happened. Karna’s life saving metal jacket/armour was also removed treacherously by Krishna. He asked Indra to go in the guise of a Brahmin and he asked Karna to donate his armour.
Yuthisthira should have stopped the game of dice at one stage. He never stopped it. It was his biggest weakness. Another weakness was that he can be easily manipulated by others. Krishna wanted him to tell a lie in the battlefield about Elephant Aswatththama’s death. He made the announcement in such a way that Drona thought his son Aswaththama was killed .
Kunti met her sons.
Conclusion
Kunti’s dishonesty regarding Karna, Yuthisthira’s weakness of dice game, Kaurava’s jealousy and Krishna’s cunning plans were the reasons for war and destruction.
At the end all of them, both Pandavas and Kauravaas, had miserable death .But yet we got Bhagavad Gita, Vishnu Sahasranama and Yaksha prasna and several stories about ancient women too from the Mahabharata .
Mamular (mahaa moolar) is the oldest Tamil Historian. He is the only poet who sang about Nandas and Mauryas of fifth and fourth centuries BCE.
Though another great Brahmin poet Paranar from Kerala region mentioned about eighty historical anecdotes, the highest number, he was junior to Mamular.
Mahaa moola must have been born on Moola star/nakshatra day like another great Tamil poet Tiru Moolar. He was from Kashmir who gave us 3000 Tamil verses on Yoga etc lived 1000 years after the great Sangam poet Maamoolar.
Sangam Tamil poets Paranar, Mamular and many others give us the history of Tamil Land, what is now called Tamil Nadu in India.
Maamoolar (hereafterwards MM) gives some interesting details about golden treasure of Nandas as well. MM contributed at least 27 verses in Akananuru (naanooru=400).
His name is a Sanskrit name like Paranar and Kapilar. Lord Shiva in the famous Kanchipuram temple is also called Maamoolar. There they attribute the name to the mango tree (Maa Maram in Tamil).
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130
MM gives us following details about Kings:
a) Pulli of Venkatam Hills (the Balaji or Venkata Achala Pathi temple at Venkata Hills is the richest temple in the world and that was the northern border of Tamil speaking world in ancient times.)
b) Nannan of Ezil Hills.
c) Badaga/ Vaduka chief Katti is one of them. Vaduka now stands for Telugu speaking people (B=V are interchangeable through out India from Sangam days (Rig Vedic saBhaa was changed as aVai in Sangam poems)
d) Other names in his poems: Kannan Ezini, Paanan and Anji)
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131
Important note about Great Choza emperor Karikaalan
One of the greatest Tamil emperors is Karaikaal Chozan. He went up to the Himalaya and engraved his Tiger emblem there. He defeated another great king of Chera/ Kerala country named Nedun Cheralaathan. Chera king died by fast unto death called Praayopavesa.
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132
Fast unto death
Hindus , when they wanted to die, sit facing Holy North and starve themselves to death. This is seen in Valmiki Ramayana, Bhagavata etc and they called it Praayopavesa.
Parikshit is described to have observed the prayopavesa when the Bhagavata Purana was narrated to him by the sage Shuka, son of Vyasa.
In 1982, Acharya Vinoba Bhave (spiritual successor of Mahatma Gandhi) died by prayopavesa.
On 11 January 1997 Swami Nirmalananda subjected himself to prayopavesa.
In October 2001, Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami subjected himself to prayopavesa. Subramuniyaswami was diagnosed to be suffering from terminal intestinal cancer. He later died on the 32nd day of his fast on November 12.
Kopperun choza also starved to death; his friends including great Tamil poet Pisir Aaanthaiyaar joined him.
Pancha Pandavas along with Draupadi walked up the Himalayas in the holy north and died.
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133
Chera’s sea expedition
MM also sang about Cheralathan’s sea expedition where he cut the Kadampa tree (Totem symbol) of his enemy in the middle of the sea. He also won several countries in the north and brought the treasure to his town Manththai
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134.
Tooth Relic
We read lot about Buddha’s Tooth Relic which is holy. But here in MM’s poems we read about enemy’s teeth embedded on the door of the victorious one. Ezini was defeated by Maththi. Chera won Maththi and brought his teeth buried them on the door.
(Z= special L of Tamil language)
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135
Controversial Information
MM said that Uthiyan Cheral, a Chera/Kerala king, fed the Mahabharata warriors. If we believe that literally that Chera should have lived in about 3100 BCE! which is impossible.
The word used in MM poem is Perum Soru meaning great food. It is actually a great feast to commemorate the dead people. That is food in memory of the war heroes. Bhagavad Gita, Sangam book Purananuru and books from Non Hindu religions say that war heroes reach heaven. They have Visa free direct flight to heaven! So, they are remembered, and feast is organised.
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136
Lyre Broken in Disappointment
Another interesting detail added by MM is a singer breaking his Yaaz (Veena/ lyre) when Evvy died in the battle field. This may be compared to another incident that happened 1400 years ago in Dharmapuram. That was the birth place of great musician named Thiru Neelakanta Yaazpaanar. He was a great Yaaz/ Lyre instrumentalist. He accompanied the Boy Saint Tiru Gnana Sambandar with his wife Mathanka Choolaamani. When he became very proud of his skill, Lord Shiva wanted to teach him a lesson. When Sambandar came to his town he could not cope up with Sambandar’s singing. When he was about to break his lyre, Shiva himself played on his instrument and so even today Shiva appears in a rare form here. He holds a lyre in his hand in this temple. Musicians also break their instruments when they get disappointed. That was reported to us by MM two thousand years ago.
Now let us go into details of Nadas and Mauryas.
To be continued………………
Tags -பிராயோபவேசம் வடக்கிருத்தல் யாழ்முறிநாதர், மாமூலனார், கதவில் பல் சின்னம் , யாழை முறித்த பாணன், மூல நட்சத்திரம், Ancient Tamil Encyclopaedia- Part 2, One Thousand Interesting Facts! -Part 22, Oldest Tamil Historian Mamular
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
Akananuru (naanooru) wonders continued……………….
எழுத்துடை நடுகல்
Part twenty
Item 125
Interesting customs found in Akananuru:
Coastal fisher woman worshipping Vedic God Varunan by planting Shark fin bone.
Brahmins sent as messengers as told by Tolkappiar.
Women counting days by marking on the wall;
People are listening to lizard clicks to find out good and bad things to come;
Women worshipping crescent moon;
Girls making false cries to attract male youths; Tamil word Venkai stands for both tiger and a tree. Girls shout Venaki, Venaki and the youths come running to save them; and the girls laugh at the youths; but one or two youths will be trapped by the tricky girls.
Women’s games are described in several poems: they played with crabs, chased parrots from the paddy fields; built sand castles;
Soldiers worship hero stones before going to battlefield.
Soldiers look for good omens before marching;
Brahmins who dot follow Vedic rituals make bangles by cutting conches.
Bride is bathed by Four Sumangalis who gave birth to children;
Cowherds take food/ pack lunch in bamboo holes and tie them on the neck of the cow;
Placing spear and other instruments used by a hero near the Hero stones.
Coastal people taking salt bags on the back of the donkeys for selling.
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126
There are more interesting details ; we will look at them now:-
Three Akam poems (53, 67 and 269; also Ainkuru.352) tell us about the Hero stones with Tamil inscriptions. But until very recently such ancient stones were not discovered. So archaeologist K V Sundararajan raised doubts about the age of such poems. At that time the oldest hero stone was dated Sixth century CE. But in 2006 newspapers reported Hero stones with Brahmi letters and experts placed them in BCE period. Old Brahmi inscriptions never mentioned dates, and they were very short. And so, we need more clearcut evidence for Hero stones with Tamil inscription.
Tamils have the habit of pushing all the Brahmi inscriptions to fourth century BCE which is ridiculous. Asoka’s brahmi inscriptions are very long with lot of information, where as Tamil Brahmi inscriptions are not only very short but also in Prakrit or colloquial , ungrammatical Tamil .So they must be later than , much more later than Asoka’s inscriptions.
We know that Orissa king Kharavela marched into Pandya country and defeated the Pandya king according to Hathikumbha cave inscriptions in Orissa. On another side, Mauryans laid road routes in Western Ghats and marched towards or into Tamil Nadu according to Mamular’s Sangam verses. But in that part, that is Karnataka- Tamil Nadu border, we don’t find hero stones with inscription. From Pallava period only we get inscriptions. Jains must have brought it into Tamil nadu. That shows northern origin of Brahmi script.
Karnataka has more documented hero stones than Tamil Nadu. Nearly 3000 hero stones are in Karnataka from sixth century CE
The big question about Tamil Brahmi inscriptions is why didn’t Tamils write legibly like Asoka?
Why didn’t Tamils write at least three lines?
Why do we have to guess the meaning and put words into the mouths of dead people?
Even the very late sixth century CE ones don’t have long sentences.
My guess is Tamils did not practise writing on stones or on any material until sixth or seventh century. Even Lord Shiva’s letter to Cheraman (Kerala King) belongs to post Sangam period.
Some of the references to Hero stones with writings on it:–
விழுத்தொடை மறவர் வில் இட வீழ்ந்தோர்
எழுத்துடை நடுகல் இன் நிழல் வதியும்
அருஞ்சுரக் கவலை நீந்தி என்றும்,- Akam 53
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அரம் போழ் நுதிய வாளி அம்பின்,
நிரம்பா நோக்கின் நிரையங்கொண்மார்,
நெல்லி நீளிடை எல்லி மண்டி
நல் அமர்க் கடந்த நாணுடை மறவர்
பெயரும் பீடும் எழுதி அதர்தொறும்
பீலி சூட்டிய பிறங்கு நிலை நடுகல்Akam- 67
***
ஏறுடை இனநிரை பெயரப்; பெயராது
செறிசுரை வெள்வேல் மழவர்த் தாங்கிய
தறுக ணாளர் நல்லிசை நிறுமார்,
பிடிமடிந் தன்ன குறும்பொறை மருங்கின்,
நட்ட போலும் நடாஅ நெடுங்கல்
அகலிடம் குயின்ற பல்பெயர் மண்ணி,
நறுவிரை மஞ்சள் ஈர்ம்புறம் பொலிய- Akam 269
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My old articles
Hero Stone Worship in North India (Post No.4286)
Date:9 October 2017; Post No. 4286
***
HERO STONES ON SEA BATTLES (Post No.5163)
Date: 29 JUNE 2018
Post No. 5163
***
To be continued………………………
Tags- Hero stones, with Inscriptions,எழுத்துடை நடுகல், Tamil Encyclopedia, Part 20
Elephant-lion combined is called Yaali, seen on the pillars of South Indian temples.
Not many people knew that the English word Leo, Leonine, Lion re all Sanskrit words.
Leo is the mirror image of Yali . it is accepted in Linguistics. If you show the word Yali in mirror you will see Liya.
The Tamil word Ther for chariot is also a mirror image of Sanskrit word Rath/a.
Scores of words are in Indian languages.
Interestingly Elephant is also Sanskrit word Ebha for elephant is in Rig Veda and Tiruppugaz by Arunagirinathar.
Horse is also a Sanskrit word; it iss the corrupted form of Haya and Asva.
Tamil word Kuthirai is a mirror word of Sanskrit Turaga. Turkey is called Turaga country because it supplied the best horses to India trained by Hindus. The proof is available in cuneiform tablet where horse manual by Kikkuli used Sanskrit instructions in Horse training. The horse manual is dated 1400 BCE. Pure Tamil word for horse is Pari. But both Kuthirai and Pari are used by Sangam Tamil poets.
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122
ASUNAM
அசுணம்- அகம் 88; akam 88
நற்றிணை 244, 304; narrinai 244 and 304
It is extinct now. It may be a kind of deer. But one Tamil books described it as a bird, which is wrong. From Adi Shankara to American Red Indians know that Deer are caught by singing. American tribes used Bugle to catch antelopes.
Ancient Tamil hunters also played musical instruments to attract Asunam and when they came near, they played loud drums and the animals died because of the sound attack.
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Yali in Madurai temple
123
Yaali- Aali- Leo
Four interesting facts in one Akam Poem (akam.252)
1.Akam 252 was composed by woman poet Nakkannai .
Her real name was Sulochana! Like Sanskrit names, 34 Sangam poets have Sanskrit prefix SU=Nalla. (I have given examples in another article).
2.This poem says that Tigers wont eat its prey if it falls on its left side. Right side is the only side it aims at. Hindus invented clock- wise direction. Even today all auspicious things are done in clockwise direction and all inauspicious rituals are done in anti-clock wise direction. Even Tamil tigers followed the Hindu way.
3. Even tigers shiver at the sight of Yalis killing elephants and plucking out its tusks.
4.Lady love gives a simile which shows Tamils were so careful and socially conscious that the banks of lakes must be protected. The woman says my mother is so watchful like a guard who watches the banks of a lake on a rainy day.
இடம்படுபு அறியா வலம்படு வேட்டத்து
வாள்வரி நடுங்கப் புகல்வந்து, ஆளி
உயர்நுதல் யானைப் புகர்முகத்து ஒற்றி,
வெண்கோடு புய்க்கும் தண்கமழ் சோலைப்
பெருவரை அடுக்கத்து ஒருவேல் ஏந்தித் 5
தனியன் வருதல் அவனும் அஞ்சான்;
பனிவார் கண்ணேன் ஆகி, நோய்அட,
எமியேன் இருத்தலை யானும் ஆற்றேன்;
பாங்குச் செய்வாம்கொல்- தோழி! ஈங்கைத்
துய்அவிழ் பனிமலர் உதிர வீசித் 10
தொழில்மழை பொழிந்த பானாட் கங்குல்
எறிதிரைத் திவலை தூஉம் சிறுகோட்டுப்
பெருங்குளம் காவலன் போல,
அருங்கடி அன்னையம் துயில்மறந் தனளே! –அகம் 252
Akam 252 was composed by poetess Nakkanaiyaar
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124.
Encyclopaedias like Wikipedia say they don’t know the origin of the word Caesar.
It is very simple: Kesa+ Ari= Haired animal (lion with mane)
Caesar+ Ari= Caesar= Kesar/i
By learning Sanskrit and Tamil, one can understand anything and everything in the world.
Look at the Ari in Hebrew Ariel!!
***
Here is my old article written 11 years ago:
Written by London Swaminathan Post No. 981; dated 15th April 2014
Sonic boom and Sonic bomb Tamil literature gives us very interesting information about a rare animal called ‘Asunam’. It is phonophobia. It has got a good taste for melodious music. It is more musical than most men. But the minute someone plays on a big drum it dies at once. Sangam Tamil literature is 2000 year old. We have three references to this ‘Asunam’and later literature gives more information. It is not a mythical animal like griffin or Makara or Yali. Somehow palaeontologists and paleo zoologists missed this. Now we get more scientific information about sonic bombs and low frequencies emitted by submarines that killed even giant squids. Dolphins and whales commit mass suicides because of sonar disturbances. So we may look into this extinct animal again armed with all the scientific facts.
Natrinai’ is one of the anthologies of Sangam Tamil literature and verses 244 and 304 give the following information: In the mountainous ‘Kurinji’ area, ‘Asunam’ lives in the caves. It listens keenly to the buzzing sound (music) of the bees and beetles. The heroine of a love poem says, “My lover is like an Asunam. When he is near me it gives pleasure. When he is temporarily separated it gives me great sorrow. I am like Asunam attracted by melodious music and then killed by loud beating of the drums.
Yali in Tirupparankundram near Madurai
The commentator explains that the Tamils played on lyre to attract the Asunams from the caves and suddenly played on drums to kill them. Another verse from another Sangam Tamil anthology called ‘Akananuru’ (verse 88) gives similar information. The only difference is that the commentator describes Asunam as a bird here.
‘Nammanik kadikai’– is one of the 18 minor Tamil works. Verse three of the book is very clear about Asunam. It described it as an animal. It compares Asunam with several other people in public life. The celebrated author Kamban of Kamba Ramayanam compared himself to Asunam! He said, “Among the stalwarts of Tamil language, probably my poems may be like playing drums to Asunams”. Kamban was so humble that he said his poems may not be of good quality, but the fact of the matter is that he is considered one of the great poets of the Tamil speaking world.
My Research Findings on ASUNAM:–
My research on the Asunam based on the above verses and Tamil encyclopaedia Abhidana Chintamani has found out the salient features of Asunam stories. I can summarise them as follows:–
1.Though there are only three references in the ancient Sangam literature, we know that it is not a bird, but an animal. 2.It lived in the caves of the mountains which ancient Tamils called ‘Kurinji ‘lands. 3.Asunam loved mellifluous music but susceptible to harsh music particularly high decibel noise. Modern research shows that sounds of 185 decibels or more can kill human beings. 4.Tamils deliberately played on lyre to attract it and killed them by playing on big drums. It may be one of the reasons for its extinction. The other reason is noise pollution. It might have slowly disappeared. 5. Very few references in the 2000 year old Sangam Tamil literature show that it was a rare animal even at that time. Other animals like tigers, elephants and bears are referred to hundreds of times.
6.Ancient Tamils knew the power of sound waves. Modern research in this field has led into the development of sonic bombs. We already knew the effect of sonic booms emitted by supersonic jets. We now know the effect of sonar waves on dolphins and whales.
7.It will be good that if Tamils do more research and find out the fossils from mountainous area.
8.I have given the full details of the poets names with full quotes in the Tamil version of this article and we know where those poets lived in ancient Tamil Nadu. So we can narrow down the area of our search.
9.Adi Shankara who lived in the first century BC or before, adds some interesting details about deer falling as a prey to singing hunters. ( I follow Kanchi Paramacharya in dating Adi Shankara, which is supported by Tamil literature. Please read my earlier article for the dating)
Yali in Hindu temples. English word Leo is derived from Yali. Hari is a Sanskrit word for lion. Hebrew and Tamil use this word as Ari. In Tamil Ja, Ha, Sha, SH, S sounds don’t exist. So they are Tamilized.
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Singapore is Sanskrit (Post No.7109)
Date: 18 OCTOBER 2019; Post No. 7109
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Hindu Symbolism in Paris!
Research article Written by London Swaminathan Post No.1249; Dated 24th August 2014.
–Subham—
Tags- Asunam, Yali, Leo, Caesar, Kesari, Ancient Tamil Encyclopaedia- Part 19; One Thousand Interesting Facts- Part 19 ,Akananuru wonders
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Tamil and Vedas 
