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xxxx
Purananuru wonders-58, Tamil Encyclopaedia 98, One Thousand Interesting Facts Part 98,
Item 816- Beautiful Tamil Words
For windows the poet Uruththirankannan (Mr Rudraksha) used Tamil words Vali Nuzaiyum Vaay= wind entering opening.வளி நுழையும் வாயில்
For different sounds from different musical instruments, he used different verbs
Kuzal Akava, Yaaz Murala, Muzavu Athira, Murasu Iyampa Line 155
The flutes do pipe, the lyres do twang,
The drums roll loud, and the tabors sound
குழல் அகவ , யாழ் முரல, முழவு அதிர, முரசு இயம்ப
***
Item 817- Debates and Challenges
From Kanyakumari to Kashmir, Hindu philosophers challenged the Anti Hindu forces and won them to their side. We see it in the lives of Adi Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhwa. Few Buddhist and Jain Scholars also won some debates increased their strength. The main place for such debates was Varanasi/Kasi. But from Tamil literature we knew that such debates happened in the Royal courts. But poet Rudraksha gives us some new information. Here in Kaveri Poompattinam in Tamil Nadu, the debaters planted their flags and invited all the interested persons to challenge them. We must remember that this happened 2000 years ago. No part in the world such organised debates happened 2000 years ago. Read any saint’s history and you will see some reports about scholarly debates.
Here in lines 169-171 pet gives us such information
***
Item 818- Cosmopolitan Harbour City
Kaveri Poom Pattinam (meaning is city where Kaveri enters sea) was cosmopolitan city where different nationalities established their colonies for business purpose. We know such colonies of Hindu merchants existed from Alexandria in Egypt to several South East Asian cities.
Here in lines 216 clearly say this. People from countries of different languages were there.
***
Item 819– Good Business People
While describing the qualities of city’s merchants, poet makes a beautiful comment
Afraid of blame, they trade well, respecting their goods and those of others. They do not take much when they buy and do not give less when they sell.
***
Item 820 lines 200-204 Punyam
Support to Brahmins and cow worship
Merchants worshipped gods, they maintained bulls and cows, did Yagas and gave oblations, spread the fame of people well versed in four Vedas, did punya and did give donations
Important words- Amarar= devas/gods; Aavuthi= Aahuthi from Sanskrit Havis;
Naan marai= four Vedas;
Poet has used PUNNIYAM
***
Item 821 story of choza king/ animal intelligence
Karikalvalavan was also known as Tirumavalavan . he was denied the throne because of infighting in the family. But he, like a tiger in cage, came out and got his post. Here the simile is more important. It shows Hindus knew about animal intelligence. When the elephant catchers trap an elephant, it it is a male elephant, it uses its trunk and tusks to make way and escape. Karikalan also did this and came out of his prison.
In poet’s words,
As a long trunked tusker falls when trapped
Within a pit and breaks with tusks
The sides. And on the piled-up earth
He steps, escapes, and joins his mate
So planning his escape with care
The king doth scale his foremen’s walls
Unsheathes his sword, regains his crown……………..
While we get some historical anecdote, we also come to know the intelligence of animals/elephants.
***
Item 822 Karikalan’s determination
Karikal Choza in Grand Anicut, Tamil Nadu
Karikalan’s will power is portrayed beautifully
So strong his will to carry out
His aim without defeat, that one
Would think that he could mountains move
Fill up the sea, bring down the sky.
மலை அகழ்க்குவனே, கடல் தூர்க்குவனே, வான் வீழ்க்குவனே, வளி மாற்றுவன்,
***
Item 823 war atrocities
Karikalan after defeating enemies brought the omen from enemy countries who did the worship in the temples. they lit the never extinguishable lamps, washed the floor with cow dung paste.
Poet narrated first how festive the enemy country was and the condition now of enemy territory,
The jackal shrieks and howls;
The owl’s dad hoot is heard;
The bitten whoops; dread goblin crowds
And female ghouls that corpses eat
With hair dishevelled fill the place.
…………………………
He ruins thus the hamlets fair
Whose walls are strongly fortified,
And wipes out those that lived in them.
Even then he is not satisfied.
The poet finishes the poem with the list of countries Karikalan won
பல் ஒளியர் பணிபு ஒடுங்க, தொல் அருவாளர் தொழில் கேட்ப, 275 வடவர் வாடக், குடவர் கூம்பத், தென்னவன் திறல் கெடச் சீறி,
This poem has 301 lines.
The same poet has authored another long poem called Perumpanatruppadai .
To be continued……………….
Tags- Purananuru wonders-58, Tamil Encyclopaedia 98, One Thousand Interesting Facts Part 98, Karikal Choza, Pattinappalai, Item 823.
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xxxx
The author of this 2000 year old Sangam Tamil work was a Brahmin belonging to Kausika Gotra; yet he has honestly presented us a correct picture of ancient Tamil society.
Purananuru wonders-56, Tamil Encyclopaedia 96, One Thousand Interesting Facts, Part 96,
At the end of this write up I have shown how Sanskrit and English writers proved themselves fools.
Malaipatukataam continued………… I am using Vaidehi Herbert’s translation; thanks.
Item 789
One other interesting point is Perum Kausikanar’s reference to food items.
Apart from Brahmins and saints, Tamils were predominantly Non – Vegetarians (in fact Anti Valluvar! Anti Ramalinga Swamikal)
When the Tamil poets describe Brahmin houses, they list the vegetarian dishes; they also add dogs and cocks an hens cannot enter their streets.
Here are the references to Food from this Malaipadukadaam:
Lines 112 to 119
Millets, paddy, sugarcane, yam, beans, sesame seeds, white mustard cultivation;
125- ginger cultivation;
131- plantain trees/ banana cultivation;
135- Jhambu fruits which gave name Jhambudwipa to India;
138/9- jack fruit trees;
Mango tree , bamboo trees are also mentioned; all these were used in the Tamil food. Even today Tamils use these items.
***
Item 790
Lines 168/9
You will receive from
them dishes with big pieces of meat roasted in ghee along with
coloured millet rice.
***
Item 791
Lines 170-185
Along with food that they bring climbing on the
bright mountains,
they will give you sweet liquor aged in bamboo pipes
which you can drink without limits, and for your
hangover to go, in the morning, they will serve you
a dish made with dropped seeds of jackfruits brought
down by waterfalls, big pieces of meat of rapidly running
forest deer that are killed, chopped up pieces of fatty
meat of porcupines killed by female dogs, sweet
tamarind fruits with light covered shells and stems,
fine buttermilk, and seeds growing on bamboo added to
the boiling liquid along with white rice, cooked by
a mountain woman with flowers on her huge hair knot,
***
Item 792 Forest mystery and Poet’s warning
If you touch
the protected kuvalai flowers desired by the gods, or see
the places where the mountain deities reside, you will
tremble in distress as though you are losing your life.
Do not stay there for many days.
Here we are remined of Poet Tennyson
In Alfred Lord Tennyson’s poem The Lotos-Eaters, the sailors lose their memories and desire to return home after consuming the lotos flower and fruit.
The food: The inhabitants of the island give the mariners the “lotos” (lotus), described as a sweet, flowery food and fruit.
The effect: Eating it induces a dreamy, lethargic state of forgetfulness.
The amnesia: The sailors forget their homes, wives, children, and past heroic deeds at the Trojan War, viewing their former lives as distant, half-forgotten things or vague memories from a dream
***
Item 793 temples and worship
On your path, if you see the god in the temple with
old walls, who is worshipped according to tradition,
worship before you leave, but protect your musical
instruments
(this shows even tribal people had temples deep inside the forest).
***
Item 794 boar meat
You will see boars killed by forest people.
Roast it in the fire created by dry
bamboo rubbing against each other,
which burns without much smoke, remove the hair on it
and eat it. Relax and drink the clear water from the
faultless, beautiful, sapphire-coloured, fresh spring with
kuvalai flowers. Carry the excess big pieces of meat in
heavy bundles
***
Item 795
Warriors will feed you
Lines 421-427
If you see warriors ……………………….
they will forcefully feed you abundant
meat and tubers. They are ones who will protect you,
and not hurt you.
Listen to their command and proceed on the path.
Such is the nature of the forest.
***
Item 796
Tasty Tamaringd Rice Dish (baath)
Lines 434-448
Hospitality of Villages with Huts
At night, for your sorrow to go away, you will be served
food cooked with seeds of bamboo that are red like
vēngai flowers cooked with rice grown on high grounds,
along with tamarind gruel with avarai beans.
In all the villages with huts built with poles and thatched
with grass, you will receive daily, huge balls of rice made
with tiny, perfect rice, like tiny gold pieces, ghee, and
sprinkled white flour. If you stay there and rest, every
day you will be given dishes made with fine millet flour
mixed with sifted sugar powder. You will sleep, leaving
cold far away, in the warmth of the fire lit with brittle
wood. Leave in the morning when birds start chirping.
***
Item 797 Fish and Rice Dish
Lines 454….. 459
Fishermen with nets enter ponds with kanpu
grass with fragrant flowers, and catch vālai fish ………………..
Their women
wearing pakandrai flowers will serve you pieces of fatty
fish that look like the eyes of drums along with white rice
***
Item 798
Nannan = Lord Murugan/Skanda
Lines 490-495
Thinking about Nannan who is like Murukan, victorious
in battles. They pity you who are like them, and look at
you calmly and sweetly, each one of them accepting you
as their guest, for your sorrow from walking to go away.
Points to be noted—Asvaghosa a COPY CAT!
Asvaghosa who wrote Buddhacharita, was a copycat.
Kalidasa the greatest of Indian poets and Sangam poets always compared Hindu Gods with heroic kings.
They compare Muruga/Skanda with Hindu Kings because Muruga/Skanda was the Commander in Chief of Divine Army in Indra Loka.
Here also Poet Kaushika compared Heroic Muruga/ Skanda with King Nanna.
Would you believe that in the very beginning of BUDDHACHARITA, poet Asvaghosa who wrote in Sanskrit compared Buddha with Shanmuka (Muruga, Skanda, Kartikeya) ?
Buddha was a compassionate personality according to other texts. This stupid ASVAGHOSA copied Kalidasa and compared him with Buddha in the very beginning of his book.
Foreign rowdies place Kalidasa after him and blamed Kalidasa stealing Deepa Sikha simile. Actualyy Dipa sikha simil is in Madurai Kanchi, a Sanagam tamil work and Gatha Sapta Sati, a Prakrit work.
I am writing this to expose foreign Sanskrit idiots .
***
Item 799 Great Tamil Weavers
In many Sangam poems Tamil weavers are praised making clots with RAT HAIR that can be rolled into and sent through a finger ring.
Here also poet Kaushik praised the Tamil weavers!
Lines 565…………..
Nannan’s Generosity
He will give you perfect clothing on which
woven threads cannot be seen and tie it well
around your faultless body, and fresh meat with
***
Item 800 Food Again! First Day Treatment on all days!
fat brought by a female dog cooked with long,
white rice and served without limits. He will give
you gifts with desire even if you stay there for
many days, like what you received on the first day.
If you tell him that you have to leave for your
ancient town, he will give the leader among you
golden lotus flowers, adorn viralis with fine, bright
jewels, give you tall chariots that run perfectly like
flowing water, trained mountain-like elephants
seized or received from enemies as tributes,
large herd of cattle with bulls with ringing bells,
horses with trimmed tufts decorated with golden
saddles, wealth lying on the ground, and all this.
He fills the hands of poets who have nothing,
with his large hands with whirling
bracelets. He showers unspoiled wealth like the
rain showers on Naviram Mountain where bamboo
grows, the lord of the country surrounded by
mountains from which waterfalls flow down like
raised victory flags, who gives you gifts on the
first day and lets you leave.
***
Item 801 Oxford Cambridge Idiots Exposed!
Yousuf became Joseph;
Yesu became Jesus;
Yaaz became Jazz;
Yaazpaanam became Jaffna;
Yava Dwipa became Java in Indonesia;
Hundreds of Y words became J words.
For this stupid English Lexicographers say at one stage Y was introduced into English language and it was written like J.
That is incorrect; I have proved this change is in the Vedas, Zend Avesta and Sangam Tamil literature thousands of years before English language came into this world. English came after Hindi language of India.
N Tamil aJa for Brahma is written as aYan (in Sangam Literature)
Here in line 500 மட நடை ஆமான் கயமுனிக் குழவி 500 , kaYamuni is gaJamuni (elephant calf);
Here we see clearly Y=J; so English Lexicographers must rewrite their INVENTION!
To continued……………………….
Tags – English lexicographers, idiots, Sanskrit idiots, Asvaghosa, copycat, Tamil Non Vegetarian Food! Purananuru wonders-56, Tamil Encyclopaedia 96, One Thousand Interesting Facts, Part 96, item 801
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
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xxxx
1
மலைபடு கடாம் நூல் எந்தத் தொகுப்பில் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளது? அதை எழுதியவர் யார்?
2
இப்படி தடா புடா கடா முடா என்று பல்லை உடைக்கும் தலைப்பைக் கொடுத்து இருக்கிறாரே ! அதன் பொருள்தான் என்ன ?
3
இவர் யாரை வைத்து இந்த நூலினை இயற்றினார் ? அவர் எந்தப் பகுதியைச் சேர்ந்தவர் ?
4
இந்த நூலுக்கு வேறு பெயரும் உண்டாமே! அது என்ன ?
5
இந்த நூலின் ஆசிரியரை உலகப்புகழ்பெற்ற ஒரு கவிஞருடன் ஒப்பிடுகிறார்கள்.ஏன் ?
6
இவர் நூலில் இசைக்கும் முக்கியத்துவம் கொடுத்துள்ளார் என்பது கூத்தர் ஆற்றுப்படை என்பதிலிருந்து புலனாகிறது ; அதற்கு ஆதாரம்/ சான்று என்ன ?
7
“காரியுண்டிக்கடவுள்” என்று புலவர் பாடியுள்ளார் ; யார் அது ? அப்படி ஒரு கோவில் உள்ளதா ?
8
மலைகளில் எழும் ஓசையை இவர் 40 வரிகளில் கொட்டி முழக்கியுள்ளாராமே! கொஞ்சம் சாம்பிள் கிடைக்குமா?
9
கார்த்திகை நட்சத்திரம் பற்றியும், பெண்களின் தழை உடை, நகை நட்டுகள் குறித்தும் பாடிய புலவர் குழந்தை பிறந்தால் பெண்கள் வளையல் அணிய மாட்டார்கள் என்கிறாரே ! இது என்ன புது வழக்கம் ?
10
புலவர் சரியான பத்தாம் பசலி ஆள். ஏனெனில் ஆடல்- பாடல் மாக்களிடம் சகுனம் பாத்துப் புறப்படு என்கிறார் வேறு என்ன பொன்மொழிகளை உதிர்க்கிறார் ?
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விடைகள்
1.சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் 18 மேல் கணக்கு நூல்கள் உண்டு; அதாவது பத்துப்பாட்டும் எட்டுத் தொகையும் 10+8= 18 ; அந்த 18 ல் பத்துப்பாட்டில் ஒரு நூல் மலைபடு கடாம். இதை எழுதியவர் ஒரு பிராமணர் ; அந்தப் பார்ப்பானின் பெயர் இரணியமுட்டத்துப் பெருங் கெளசிகனார் . அந்த அந்தணன் கெளசிக கோத்திரத்தைச் சேர்ந்தவர்.
***
2.மலைகளிலிருந்து ஒழுகும் ஓசை; அதாவது மலை என்பது யானைக்கு உவமை; ஆகவே யானையிலிருந்து ஒழுகும் மதம்.
***
3.நன்னன் என்ற மன்னனைப் பாராட்டி இந்த நூலினை யாத்தார் ; ஆவர் ஆண்டது திருவண்ணாமலைக்கு அப்பாலுள்ள நவிர மலைப்பகுதி. சேயாறு பாயும் ஊர் நன்னன் நகர்.
***
4.ஆமாம் கூத்தர் ஆற்றுப்படை என்றும் பெயர் ; ஏனெனில் கூத்தர் என்னும் நாடக / ஆடல் மக்களை மன்னனிடம் போய் பரிசுபெறுங்கள் என்று வழிப்படுத்தலால் — ஆற்றுப்படுத்துவதால் — கூத்தர் ஆற்றுப்படை என்றும் சொல்லுவார்கள்.
***
5.ஆங்கிலத்தில் ஏராளமான இயற்ககைக் கவிதைகளை யாத்த புலவன் WILLIAM WORDSWORTH வில்லியம் வோர்ட்ஸ்வொர்த் . அவரைப்போல பெருங் கெளசிகனாரும் இயற்கையைப் பாடியுள்ளார் . ஆகவே இவரை தமிழ் வோர்ட்ஸ்வொர்த் என்பார்கள் பாடலில் மொத்த வரிகள் 583. அதில் 400 வரிகள் இயற்கையைப் பற்றியது .
***
6.பாடலின்/ நூலின் முதல் 10, 15 வரிகளில் இசைக்கருவிகளின் பெயரை அடுக்கி , நூலினைத் துவக்குகிறார். கூத்தர் பலவகை இசைக்கருவிகளைப் பையில் போட்டுக் கொண்டு போகிறார்கள்
தொடித் திரிவு அன்ன தொண்டுபடு திவவின், கடிப்பகை அனைத்தும் கேள்வி போகாக், குரல் ஓர்த்துத் தொடுத்த சுகிர் புரி நரம்பின், அரலை தீர உரீஇ வரகின் குரல் வார்ந்தன்ன நுண் துளை இரீஇ, 25 சிலம்பு அமை பத்தல் பசையொடு சேர்த்தி, இலங்கு துளை செறிய ஆணி முடுக்கிப், புதுவது புனைந்த வெண்கை யாப்பு அமைத்துப், புதுவது போர்த்த பொன் போல் பச்சை
***
7.விஷத்தை உண்டவன் என்ற பொருள்படும்படி சிவபெருமானை காரி உண்டிக்கடவுள் என்று பாடிப் பரவியுள்ளார். இப்போதும் காலகண்டீஸ்வரர் கோவில் உள்ளது .தமிழகத்தில் அடையபுலம் காலகண்டீஸ்வரர் கோயில் (திருவண்ணாமலை மாவட்டம், ஆரணி அருகில்) மற்றும் செங்கல்பட்டு மாவட்டம் திருக்கழுக்குன்றம் வட்டம் நாவலூர் உள்ளிட்ட சில இடங்களில் காலகண்டீஸ்வரர் (சிவன்) கோயில்கள் உள்ளன. இவர் பாடியது திருவண்ணாமலை மாவட்ட கோவிலாக இருக்கலாம்
நீர் அகம் பனிக்கும் அஞ்சுவரு கடுந்திறல் பேர் இசை நவிரம் மேஎய் உறையும் காரி உண்டிக் கடவுளது இயற்கையும், பாய் இருள் நீங்கப் பகல் செய்யா எழுதரும் ஞாயிறு அன்ன அவன் வசை இல் சிறப்பும்,
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8. மலையில்தோன்றும்பலவிதஒலிகளைக்கேட்டல்
கலை தொடு பெரும்பழம் புண் கூர்ந்து ஊறலின் மலை முழுதும் கமழும் மாதிரம் தோறும் அருவி நுகரும் வான் அர மகளிர்,
வருவிசை தவிராது வாங்குபு குடைதொறும் 295
தெரி இமிழ் கொண்ட நும் இயம் போல் இன் இசை; இலங்கு ஏந்து மருப்பின் இனம் பிரி ஒருத்தல் விலங்கல் மீமிசைப் பணவைக் கானவர் புலம் புக்கு உண்ணும் புரிவளைப் பூசல்;
சேய் அளைப் பள்ளி எஃகு உறு முள்ளின் 300
எய் தெற இழுக்கிய கானவர் அழுகை; கொடுவரி பாய்ந்தென கொழுநர் மார்பில் நெடுவசி விழுப்புண் தணிமார் காப்பு என அறல் வாழ் கூந்தற் கொடிச்சியர் பாடல்; தலைநாள் பூத்த பொன் இணர் வேங்கை 305
மலைமார் இடூஉம் ஏமப் பூசல்; கன்று அரைப்பட்ட கயந்தலை மடப்பிடி வலிக்கு வரம்பு ஆகிய கணவன் ஓம்பலின், ஒண்கேழ் வயப்புலி பாய்ந்தென கிளையொடு,
கழை கண் உடைக்கும் கரும்பின் ஏத்தமும், தினைகுறு மகளிர் இசைபடு வள்ளையும், சேம்பும் மஞ்சளும் ஓம்பினர் காப்போர் பன்றிப் பறையும், குன்றகச் சிலம்பும்,
என்று இவ் அனைத்தும் இயைந்து ஒருங்கு ஈண்டி, 345
அவலவும் மிசையவும் துவன்றிப் பல உடன் அலகைத் தவிர்த்த எண் அருந் திறத்த
மலைபடு கடாஅம் மாதிரத்து இயம்பக், (292 – 348)
Various Sounds Heard in the Mountains
Male monkeys dig out jackfruits and their oozing
juice sprays in the wind, spreading fragrances in
all directions.
There are sweet sounds from waterfalls, that rise
when celestial women catch the rapidly flowing
water in their hands and play in the waterfalls,
sounding like those produced by your musical
instruments.
There are sounds of forest dwellers sitting on high
platforms chasing a stray bull elephant with raised
tusks, that has strayed from his herd and entered
their millet field, and laments of those from whom
a porcupine with sharp quills, that resides in a cave,
escaped.
A mountain woman with wavy hair sings songs,
believing that it will heal the deep chest wounds
of her husband who was attacked by a tiger with curved
stripes. Women who want to wear fresh vēngai flowers
shout ‘tiger’ ‘tiger’ without fear.
In the tall mountains, the painful roaring trumpets of a
naive, tender-headed pregnant cow elephant and her herd
are heard, since she was attacked by a tiger when her strong
mate went to get her food. An uproar was caused by a
black-fingered female monkey and her troop who feed on
sprouts, when her untrained young child fell off the
mountains since she did not hold it tight.
In the tall mountains, the painful roaring trumpets of a
naive, tender-headed pregnant cow elephant and her herd
are heard, since she was attacked by a bright-colored, mighty
tiger when her strong mate went to get her food. An uproar
was caused by a black-fingered female monkey and her troop
who feed on sprouts, when her untrained young child fell
off the mountains since she did not hold it tight.
Climbing on bamboo ladders on the tall mountains where
even male monkeys are unable to climb, forest dwellers
gather honey collected by bees from huge honeycombs,
and celebrate happily since they have destroyed forts
of their enemies, and that the loot got will serve as
gifts to Nannan with perfect spears. The men drink
liquor and celebrate with kuravai dances in the sky-high
mountain, with their women, to the accompaniment of
small, loud deer hide parai drums.
There are roaring sounds produced by rivers with rocks
as they enter rocky crannies,
appearing like beautiful chariots riding in a row.
There are clamors of elephant trainers who speak mixing
languages, who bind their fierce elephants to tall posts,
reducing their great rage, after saving them when they fell
into huge whirlpools, and there are the sounds of bamboo
gadgets used by women to chase parrots from millet fields.
A bull with a moving hump, that strayed from its herd and a
marai stag that came from the mountains, fine males, fought
with each other with strength without backing down, causing
wounds to each other,
and ruining thick-petaled kulavi flowers and kurinji plants,
and cattle herders and mountain dwellers raised uproars.
There are noises made by children who thresh the
seeds of sweet, mature jackfruits that grow in clusters,
dropped on the ground by many who ate the fruits, using
calves that they control with ladle-like clusters of fragrant
kānthal flowers.
There are loud noises of machines which crush sugarcane
rapidly in factories, where crushed juice pours like pouring
rain.
Vallai songs are sung by women pounding millet grains.
There are roars of parai drums beat by those who grow
turmeric and chēmpu yam, beaten to chase marauding pigs.
All these and other sounds, countless in numbers, are
heard in the canyons and mountain peaks in all directions.
The sounds join together and ooze from the mountain like
musth flowing from a bull elephant.
(Vaidehi Herbrrt’s translation is given;thanks)
***
9.உண்மைதான். குழந்தைக்குப் பாலூட்டும்போது வளையல் சத்தம் கேட்டல் அது பால் குடிப்பதை நிறுத்திவிட்டு வேடிக்கை பார்க்கும்; மேலும் வளையல்களில் துருசு, தும்பு, பாக்டீரியா, வைரஸ் ஒட்டியிருந்தால் ரெசிஸ்டன்ஸ் பவர் குறைவாக உள்ள குழந்தைகளுக்குத் தொற்று நோய் வரக்கூடும். மேலும் அந்த காலத்தில் மலைவாழ் மக்கள் அணி ந்தது கண்ணாடி அல்லது சங்கு வளையலாக இருக்கலாம் அவை உடைந்தாலோ குழந்தைகள் அதைக் கடித்தாலோ ஹெல்த் ரிஸ்க் அதிகம் ; இன்ன பல காரணங்களால் புலவர் புதுமைச் செய்தியை மொழிகிறார் .
புள்கைபோகிய (253) – நச்சினார்க்கினியர் உரை – பிள்ளையைப் பெற்றால் பெண்கள் வளையல் இடார். ஆதலின் வளை போதற்குப் பிள்ளைகள் காரணமாயினார். பொ. வே. சோமசுந்தரனார் உரை – வளையல் தம் தாயர் கையினின்றும் அகலுதற்கு காரணமான மகார் என்றவாறு.
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10.
பொன்மொழிகள் , உவமைகள்
ஞமலி நாவின் அன்ன
துளங்கு இயல் மெலிந்த கல்பொரு சீறடிக் நாக்கு (நாயின் போன்ற சிற்றடி)
****
வரையர மகளிர் இருக்கை காணினும், 190
உயிர் செல வெம்பிப் பனித்தலும் உரியிர்;
பல நாள் நில்லாது, நிலநாடு படர்மின்(தெய்வீகப் பெண்கள் இருக்கும் மலை )
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பராவு அரு மரபின் கடவுட் காணின், 230
தொழாநிர் கழியின் அல்லது வறிது (போகும் வழியில் உள்ள கோயிலில் கடவுளைக்கும்பிட்டு விட்டுச் செல்லுங்கள் )
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கயம் கண்டன்ன அகன் பை அம் கண்
மைந்து மலி சினத்த களிறு மதன் அழிக்கும் 260
துஞ்சு மரங் கடுக்கும் மாசுணம் விலங்கி,
(யானைகளை விழுங்கும் மலைப் பாம்புகள் வழியில் இருக்கும்; பார்த்தால் காய்ந்த மரம் போல இருக்கும்; ஜாக்கிரதை; உஷார்! உஷார் !)
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பாடு இன் அருவிப் பயங் கெழு மீமிசைக்
காடு காத்து உறையும் கானவர் உளரே;
நிலைத் துறை வழீஇய மதன் அழி மாக்கள் 280
புனல்படு பூசலின் விரைந்து வல் எய்தி,
(மலை வாழ் மக்கள் உதவுவதற்குத் தயாராக இருப்பார்கள்; ஆற்றில் விழுந்த ஒருவனை நாம் எவ்வளவு விரைவாகக் காப்பாற்றச் செல்வோமோ அந்த வேகத்தில் உதவி செய்வார்கள்!)
(கானகத்தில் செல்லுவோர், வழி தவறுவது மிகவும் அதிகம்; ஆகையால் பாதையின் இருபுறங்களிலும் உள்ள செடிகளில் புதர்களில் முடிச்சுப் போடுவார்கள்; இதைப்பார்த்து எல்லோரும் நடப்பார்கள்; அருமையான செலவில்லாத உத்தி).
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செவ்வீ வேங்கைப் பூவின் அன்ன
வேய் கொள் அரிசி மிதவை சொரிந்த, 435
சுவல் விளை நெல்லின் அவரை அம் புளிங்கூழ் அற்கு இடை உழந்த நும் வருத்தம் வீட, அகலுள் ஆங்கண் கழி மிடைந்து இயற்றிய புல்வேய் குரம்பைக் குடிதொறும் பெறுகுவிர்;
(போகும் வழியில் உங்களுக்குத் புளியஞ்சாதம் கிடைக்கும்; அதில் நல்ல விதைகள், அவரை முதலியன போட்டு வழங்குவார்கள் ((நாக்கில் உமிழ்நீர் சுரக்கிறது). இதற்கு முன்னர் மாமிச உணவு கிடைப்பது பற்றியும் புலவர் பாடியுள்ளார் )
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முள் அரித்து இயற்றிய வெள் அரி வெண்சோறு, 465
(முள்ளை அகற்றிய மீன்களோடு சோறும் கிடைக்கும்)
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இழை மருங்கு அறியா நுழை நூற் கலிங்கம் எள் அறு சிறப்பின் வெள் அரைக் கொளீஇ, முடுவல் தந்த பைந்நிணத் தடியொடு,
நெடு வெண்ணெல்லின் அரிசி முட்டாது,
தலைநாள் அன்ன புகலொடு வழி சிறந்து, 565 பல நாள் நிற்பினும் பெறுகுவிர்; நில்லாது செல்வேம் தில்ல எம் தொல் பதிப் பெயர்ந்து என, மெல்லெனக் கூறி விடுப்பின் நும்முள், தலைவன் தாமரை மலைய விறலியர்
அருமையான மெல்லிய ஆடை ; நல்ல மாமிச உணவு; எல்லாம் கொடுப்பான் நன்னன் ; முதல் நாள் விருந்து போல எத்தனை நாள் தங்க்கி னாலும் கிடைக்கும் . பழைய பழமொழி:
(முதல் நாளில் தலை வாழை இலை விருந்து ;
இரண்டாம் நாள் கையில விருந்து;
மூன்றாம் நாள் தரையில விருந்து– என்பது நன்னனிடம் கிடையாது )
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உணவு வகைகள் பற்றியும் , இசைக்கருவிகள் வகைகள் பற்றியும் , கானகத்தில் பின்பற்ற வேண்டிய எச்சரிக்கைகள் பர்றியும் அங்கே காணப்படும் விலங்குகள், தாவரங்கள் பற்றியும், வரிக்கு வரி காணலாம் !!
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
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Subhadra
Subhadra was daughter of Vasudeva, sister of Krishna and Balarama, and wife of Arjuna. She was the mother of Abhimanyu.
Subhadra (सुभद्र) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. VI.68.8) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Her name is found in many stories as a proper noun. Hare Krishna Movement has made her popular through Rath Yatras around the world. The sister of Jagannath whose image is worshipped with those of that deity and his brother Balarama, and carried in procession with them in the Ratha- Yatra, or annual movement of the car of Jagannath.
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Sukra/ sukracharya
Sukra is planet Venus, meaning white. Sukracharya is Asura Guru—brahmin teacher of the Demons in Hindu literature. Sukra as planet Venus is in Purananuru, Sangam Tamil Book, and Brhat Samhita. The planet’s movement is associated with rain on earth; yet to be proved by science.
Sukracharya is also mentioned in Sangam Tamil books as Two Great Brahmins (other one is Brhaspati, planet Jupiter, teacher of Devas.
Point to be notes is all Asuras worshipped Hindu Gods and got boons and they were taught by Brahmins. .
Sukracharya’s daughter was Devayani . her love affair with Kacha, son of Deva Guru Brhaspati, was a long and popular story; feature fils had been made on Kacha Devayani. Another story is her clash with Sarmishta.
Devayānī (देवयानी).—Name of the daughter of Śukra, preceptor of the Asuras. [She fell in love with Kacha, her father’s pupil, but he rejected her advances. On this she cursed the youth, who in return cursed her that she should become the wife of a Kṣatriya (See kaca.) Once upon a time Devayānī and her companion Śarmiṣṭhā, the daughter of Vṛṣaparvan, the king of the Daityas, went to bathe keeping their clothes on the shore. But the god Wind changed their clothes, and when they were dressed they began to quarrel about the change until Śarmiṣṭhā, so far lost her temper that she, slapped Devayānī’s face, and threw her into a well. There she remained until she was seen and rescued by Yayāti, who, with the consent of her father, married her, and Śarmiṣṭhā became her servant as a recompense for her insulting conduct towards her. Devayānī lived happily with Yayāti for some years and bore him two sons, Yadu and Turvasu. Subsequently her husband became enamoured of Śarmiṣṭhā, and Devayānī, feeling herself aggrieved, abruptly left her husband and went home to her father, who at her request condemned Yayāti with the infirmity of old age. (Kacha Devayani Story is already given under Devayani, Kacha).
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Sukra niti
Śukrācārya (शुक्राचार्य) or Uśanā is one of the most important political thinkers of India, The school established by him had become famous and came to be recognised by the names or Auśanasa. It appears that he and his followers and disciples had introduced quite a large number of works to propagate their views and popularise their idealism. But till today only one of such works is available and that is also most probably an abridged edition of one of his texts. The name of that book is Śukranītisāra .
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Sundara kanda
Sundara kaanda is the fifth book in Valmiki Ramayana. this is the most celebrated part in Ramayana. People read the full canto in Sanskrit or Tamil as a ritual. It is believed that such a reading or recitation will bring all the auspicious things into a family. Those who seek wealth or wish someone’s wedding read it in the prayer room. Even the printed book is worshipped by the Hindus. Hanuma is the hero who meets Sita Devi and Lanka report it back to Lord Rama. So it is considered a story of a successful venture. Those who do traditional discourse receive gifts from the listeners when the Golden Ring part is narrated
One meaning is North Pole. Hindu literature says Sun and Moon are going around it for ever which is scientifically correct if one lives in North Pole or in polar regions. Another meaning is Golden Mountain.
Sumeru (सुमेरु).—One of the mountains of Jambūdvīpa.—Sumeru has received a fabulous treatment at the hands of ancient Indian writers. Kālidāsa and other Sanskrit poets call it a mountain of gold and make it the dwelling place of supernatural beings like Vidyādharas and Kiṃpuruṣas. According to Rājaśekhara the Meru mountain is situated in the middle of the Jambūdvīpa. It is encircled by Ilāvartavarṣa.
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Sura (intoxicating liquor/Toddy)alcoholic drinks
Vedas and Sanskrit books clearly differentiate alcoholic Sura from Soma, the Divine Elixir.
Surā (सुरा) refers to a type of drink mentioned in the Ṛgveda VIII.2.12, and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—Other common intoxicating drinks mentioned in Vedic literature are parisrut, kīlāla and māsara. Ṛgveda describes another drink also which is known as surā. This was prepared by fermenting barley or wild paddy after distilling it. Drinking of sura is not considered as meritorious as soma.
According to Ayurvedic saṃhitas/ treatises, intoxicating drinks can be prepared with rice , sugar (śārkara), and unboiled juice of sugarcane (śīdhu). According to Suśruta, in the preparation of these drinks, when surā is used instead of water it was called surāsavā. Liquors were also prepared with madhūka flowers and honey.
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Surya vamsa
Sūryavaṃśa (सूर्यवंश):—According to Puranas, one of the two great dynasties of ancient India, the counterpart to the Candravaṃśa or ‘Lunar Dynasty’. The descendants of Iḷa’s eldest son, Ikṣvāku, including, notably, Rāma, belong to the Sūryavaṃśa/ Solar Dynasty.
In the traditional genealogies of the Suryavamsha (Solar Dynasty) recorded in Hindu Puranas (such as the Vishnu Purana and Agni Purana), a total of 146 kings are listed from the founder Ikshvaku down to the final recorded ruler, Sumitra. Then Nanda Dynasty ruled India.
The lineage traces back from the Sun God (Vivasvan) to Vaivasvata Manu, whose son Ikshvaku became the first earthly king of the dynasty.
Choza Kings of Tamil Nadu belong to Surya Vamsa and Pandya Kings belong to Chandra Vamasa (lunar dynasty, according to ancient inscriptions.
Indus Valley Theories Exploded
Even if 20 year rule per king is given, the beginning will be 3000 years before sixth century BCE (Nanda Dynasty).
Those who believe this cant agree with foreigners’ date of Rig Veda or Indus Valley civilization.
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Surya
Sun God in Hindu literature. Tamil Nadu temples have his statue in the corridor. In Tamil and Sanskrit literature he has been portrayed as riding a one wheeled chariot pulled by seven horses. It is a symbolic way of describing the rainbow (VIBGYOR in science).
Most of the Sanskrit books and inscriptions end with the sentence AS LONG AS THE SUN AND MOON EXIST, which shows their knowledge in science. Uless one knows the continuous existence of heavenly bodies one could not make such statement . in ancient India there were special temples for Sun God like Konark in Odisah, which were destroyed by Muslim invaders. Most beautiful description of the temple Multan temple is still available but not the temple. Maga Brahmins of Saka Dwipa worshipped Sun. They migrated from Iran to India.
Astrological and Astronomical descriptions of Sun are available from Rig Vedic periods.
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Surya Siddhanta
The Sūrya-siddhānta is by far the most widely used Sanskrit text on astronomy. It has been held in great esteem in India. Its opening verses say that an incarnation of the sun taught it to the great asura named Maya at the end of the last kṛta-yuga, or age of perfection. According to the information given in its first chapter on the lengths of the yugas and how many of these ages have passed in this kalpa or world-period, this would have been more than two million years ago. If so, the Sūrya-siddhānta has undergone a lot of change since then. Based solely on what can be seen in the last 1,500 years, material has been deleted from it, material has been added to it, and its arrangement has frequently been altered.
It is attributed to Lāṭadeva, a student of Aryabhatta and the current edition is dated to somewhere between the end of the 4th and 5th centuries by most modern scholars, and it comprises fourteen chapters.
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Sushruta
Sushruta who lived 2600 years ago in India is the Father of Surgery. He described over 100 medical instruments. He was famous for nose surgery known as rhinoplasty. The amazing thing about the Nose Surgery is that it was used even 300 years ago in India.
Suśruta (सुश्रुत).—Reputed master of the science of Surgery, Suśruta was the grandson of King Gādhi and son of Viśvāmitra. (Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 4, Verse 55).
Name of the author of a system of medicine, whose work, together with that of Charaka, is regardad as the oldest medical authority, and held in great esteem in India even to this day.
Sushruta was the Father of Surgery. He describes a lot of surgical instruments. On the basis of his description, model instruments were created
Among the surgical techniques described in the Ssruta Samhiat is rhinoplasty, the repair of a severed nose. Variations of this technique have survived in India over the centuries. In 1794, an article in the Gentleman’s magazine of London reported an operation carried out on an employee of the British East India Company who had been captured and mutilated during the Mysore Wars. As witnessed by Company surgeons, a flap of skin incised from the forehead was grafted onto the stump from which a new nose was formed. Such reports heled the resurgence of Indian surgical methods in the 1700s and foreshadowed the modern plastic surgery.
His statues are installed in several reputed medical institutions around the world
The Sushruta Samhita contains a total of 186 chapters (and up to 184–186 depending on the recension), divided into two main parts: the Purva-tantra (5 sections with 120 chapters) and the Uttara-tantra (66 chapters).
Purva-tantra (First Part – 120 Chapters)
Sutra Sthana (46 chapters): Basic principles, definitions, surgical instruments, medical student training, and pharmacology.
Nidana Sthana (16 chapters): Pathogenesis and causes of various diseases.
Sharira Sthana (10 chapters): Human anatomy, embryology, and vital body parts (marmas).
Chikitsa Sthana (40 chapters): Therapeutics, general treatment methods, and surgical procedures.
Kalpa Sthana (8 chapters): Toxicology, including animal and plant poisons and antidotes.
Uttara-tantra (Complementary Part – 66 Chapters)
Deals with specialized branches including eye, ear, nose, and throat diseases (Shalakya Tantra), pediatrics (Kaumara Bhritya), psychiatry (Bhuta Vidya), and general medicine (Kaya Chikitsa)
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Swayambhu
Sanskrit: स्वयम्भू) translates to “self-born,” “self-existent,” or “self-manifested”. Statues in several temples are considered Self born. Some natural rocks or stone formations looked like divinities. Some natural formations such as the famous Kailash Mountain or Tiruvannamlai hill look like Shivaling. This is nature’s work of art. Some are scientifically explained. The most famous Amarnath Ice Linga is formed by dropping water through the mountain crevices. But yet it is a natural wonder to see it in a particular season every year in Amarnath, Kashmir. But there is another category explained by science.
Brahma is also called Swayambhu.
Science behind Swayambhu Lingams
A letter published in London Times newspaper on 20th May, 1994 explains this. Anne C.A. Silk wrote this letter in reply to a reader’s query. The letter gives some interesting information about “stone growing fields” in Chiltern Hills. (These Hills are not far from London). “There was a local industry of gathering the large flints, some the size of a fist, to sell to local builders by the roadside.
There is a further reason for the ascending mode of flints and rocks worldwide, over and above the fork disturbance proposed by Brian Parker (May 14 letter). This is the natural extremely low frequency (ELF) seismic energy from deep within earth.
Micro seismic activity from faults such as Church Stratton Fault, Mere Fault, Great Glen Fault, sub terranean settling and indeed traffic at roundabouts will generate ELF energy sufficient enough to vibrate rocks and stones to the surface.
It is of relevance to note that ELF frequencies from 30 Hz to 300 Hz also cover brain waves in humans”.
So we can conclude that Swayambu Lingams come from below the earth by ELF or some forces yet unknown to science.
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Sukanya
Sukanyā (सुकन्या): Meaning – Fair-maid, Sukanya was a princess. She once mistakenly blinded the sage Chyavana, and to make amends for her mistake married him. He was much older than her, yet they were very happy together. The Ashwini twins were smitten by her beauty so they came up with a plan to trick her. They offered to restore her husband’s sight and youth. As she did not have any suspicions of their motive, she accepted.
Another version gives more details
Sukanyā (सुकन्या).—A daughter of Sayāti: when once she went with her father to the hermitage of Cyavana, she saw an anthill with two luminous objects in holes which she pricked with a thorn. This resulted in blood-flowing from the eyes of the sage Cyavana. The king asked the sage’s pardon by giving his daughter in marriage. Aśvins called on them and made Cyavana look young to the puzzle of Sukanyā. The Aśvins revealed to her of Cyavana’s rejuvenation. Once her father came and seeing her with a young man, he took him to be her paramour and scolded her. But when he heard the truth of the matter he was pleased.*
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Svetasvatara Upanishad
This Upanishad belongs to the Krishna-Yajurveda. It gets its name from Rishi Svetasvatara who taught the truth contained in it to his disciples. It presents a mixture of Vedanta, Sankhya and Yoga tenets. In this Upanishad Siva or Rudra is declared to be the creator, preserver and destroyer of the world. He is the material and efficient cause of this world. He is identified with the Supreme Brahman.
It explores the Supreme Reality (Brahman), individual souls, and yoga. It bridges philosophical knowledge with devotion (Bhakti) and meditation to achieve liberation.
The text has six Adhyaya (chapters), each with varying number of verses. The epilogue verse 6.21 is a homage to sage Shvetashvatara for proclaiming Brahman-knowledge to ascetics.
The name “Shvetashvatara” has the compound Sanskrit root Shvetashva (श्वेताश्व, Shvet + ashva), which literally means “white horse” and “drawn by white steeds. The chronology of Shvetashvatara Upanishad is contested, but it is generally accepted to be a late-period Upanishadic composition.
The text is notable for its multiple mentions of both Rudra and Shiva, along with other Vedic deities, and of crystallization of Shiva as a central theme.
Adi Shankara did not write an undisputed formal commentary (bhashya) on the Svetasvatara Upanishad. While a commentary on it has been historically attributed to him by some traditions and minor printings, mainstream scholars and traditional Advaita authorities do not count it among his authentic works
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Swarga
Svarga (स्वर्ग) refers to “heaven” (i.e., Svarga signifies the heaven of Indra which is supposed to be situated on Mount Meru), according to the Siva Purana. Svarga (स्वर्ग) represents the number 21 (twenty-one) in the “word-numeral system” (bhūtasaṃkhyā), which was used in Sanskrit texts.
In Tamil it is called Thurakkam, a word formed by linguistic rules S=T
Like in hundreds of English words TION=SION, here also S becomes T and thus Suvarkka became Turakka. According to Hindu scriptures, SEX is banned in Swarga. The residents are in the form of Light, but can travel faster than light. There are beautiful girls like Rambha, Urvasi, Tilottama, Menaka etc
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Swastika
Swastik refers to “An auspicious figure generally drawn on the floor near main door of a house”. Svastika (स्वस्तिक) refers to a mystical cross which is believed to bring good fortune to the wearer thereof and which resembles a Greek cross with ends turned in at right angles.
The Svastika has been observed on Harappan seals, greek pottery of antiquity, on innumerable ornaments in the catacombs of Rome, on ancient personal ornaments in Scandinavia, on ancient urns and weapons in Britain, in devices in Japan and Britain, on coffins in China and on Church bells in England..
Hitler used this symbol in his army, flags etc. Since Max Muller boasted Germans and Aryans, Hitler used this symbol and proclaimed that Aryan race is a superior race.
North Indians print this symbol even in Wedding invitations.
To be concluded ………………..
Tags- Swastika, Sukanya, Sukra, Surya , Sumeru, Sundara Kanda, HINDU DICTIONARY IN ENGLISH AND TAMIL 99; இந்து மத கலைச்சொல் அகராதி-99 , sushruta
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
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Item 752 Theory of Evolution again
Paripatal verses 2 and 13 compare Pancha Bhutas with Lord Vishnu. In Puram verse 2 by Sangam poet Mr Nagarajan (Mudi Nagarayar in Tamil) also we see Pancha Bhutas. Appar in Sixth Tirumurai Tevaram (Vaitheeswaran Koil Decad) and Manikkavasagar also said the same.
Greeks did not have Five Elements; in China five elements are different. Only Sangam poets and earlier Sanskrit poets listed same Pancha Bhutas= Five Elements.
According to them Earth is given No.5;
Earth has five qualities: sound; touching/feeling, fire; taste; smell.
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Water is given No.4;
Water has four qualities – sound; touching/feeling, fire; taste;
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Fire is given No.3
Fire has three qualities- sound, feeling, light;
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Air is given No.2; Air has sound and feeling;
and
Space is given No.1.
Space has only one quality – sound.
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Those who study astronomy knows that the space is full of sounds coming from different galaxies.
What is interesting is the order of five elements.
Sound/space, Wind, Fire, Water, Earth.
After Big Bang (sound), wind was blowing big flame cooled and formed Earth; then water came from rain; and the earth appeared when water stayed within sea.
Only because of scientific thinking and only because of scientific knowledge they gave numbers to five elements.
More over we see the continuity in thinking from Sangam Age Paripatal to Appar Tevaram or Manikkavasagar’s Tiruvasagam.
இதில் பஞ்சபூதங்களில் ஐந்து தன்மைகளை அழகாக எடுத்துரைக்கிறார் மாணிக்கவாசகர் திருவாசகத்தில் போற்றித் திரு அகவல் பாட்டில்
பாரிடை ஐந்தாய்ப் பரந்தாய் போற்றி 5 earth
நீரிடை நான்காய் நிகழ்ந்தாய் போற்றி4 water
தீயிடை மூன்றாய்த் திகழ்ந்தாய் போற்றி 3 fire
வளியிடை இரண்டாய் மகிழ்ந்தாய் போற்றி 2 wind
வெளியிடை ஒன்றாய் விளைந்தாய் போற்றி- 1 space
என்று சிவபெருமானைப் போற்றுகிறார்
The beauty lies not only in the Pancha Bhuta Numbers but also in the continuity for thousands of years. It is from the Vedic literature they got these facts.
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Item 753
Another beauty is the same attributes to Lord Vishnu in Paripatal and Purananuru:
Eagle Flag- Garuda Flag’
Many headed snake;
Conch and wheel of Vishnu are compared with moon and sun.
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Item 754 Kalidasa simile in Paripatal
Paripatal verse 14 is on Lord Muruga with usual details. The interesting thing is the poet’s name is KESAVAN!
But Paripatal 15 on Lord Vishnu gives us a clue on date of Kalidas. I have shown that Sangam poets used at least 200 similes from Kalidasa’s seven books.
Here is one more simile.
The most famous Sloka on Lord Siva is Kalidasa’s first verse in Raghuvamsam (a book with hundreds of similes):
I adore the Parents of Universe, pArvati – parameshvara, who are indissolubly cleaved together like sound and sense (Word and Meaning)
This simile “like sound and sense” or Word and Meaning is used for Lord Vishnu in this Paripatal verse 15!
One more proof to show that Sangam poets were well versed in Kalidasa of Second century BCE.
This poem shows us the beautiful Azakar koil near Madurai, also known as Tirumalirum Cholai.in those days Krishna’s brother Balarama was also worshipped there according to the poem
Lord Vishnu’s five symbols are listed.
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Item 755 Praying facing towards a particular Direction
Muslims wherever they are , face the direction of Mecca and do the prayer. Even the air planes of Muslim countries show this direction on the screen.
This custom is in ancient Hindu scriptures. Here the poet says go to Vishnu’s shrine ( in Azakarkoil) with your family worshipping that direction.
So even the direction where famous shrines were considered holy.
For instance, North is the holiest direction for Hindus because of Himalayan shrines. Even Sangam poets and kings fast unto death facing only North.
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Item 756 Sexy Joke about menstruation
Paripatal verse 16 is on River Vaigai
Here is a scene portrayed by the poet on menstruation as a joke.
River Vaigai is compared with Pandyan king’s generosity.
Later the poet says,
Relatives around a woman squirted red colour water on her. She did not wipe it completely.
Her lover came; her friends warned him not to go near her because she has monthly periods; saying this ,they laughed ;
Her lover knew that it was just red colour water; he smelt the fragrance of the water; she felt very shy; her lover wiped out the red colour stain on her body and laughed.
Though we see women’s menstruation in another poem in Kuruntokai- 157, it is indicated indirectly. This type of poem is rare in Hindu literature.
Vaigai river is compared with Ganges.
Poem about Menses’
குக்கூ என்றது கோழி; அதன் எதிர்
துட்கென்றன்று என் தூஉ நெஞ்சம் —
தோள் தோய் காதலர்ப் பிரிக்கும்
வாள் போல் வைகறை வந்தன்றால் எனவே.
–அள்ளூர் நன்முல்லை (MISS Jasmine)- –குறுந்தொகைப் பாடல் 157
Here the poetess Miss Jasmine (Mullai=Jasmine) sings about the shock she had. She thought of enjoying with her husband in bed ; but in the night she had her monthly periods; she says, Oh My God; it is dawn; I hear “Cock-a-doodle-doo”; it is shocking; the dawn is like the sword that divides me from my lover.
Hindu women never allow her husband near for three days. In the Brahmin community she has to stay outdoors in a secluded place. Tamil Scholar U Ve Sa. has added more comments to this poem Kuruntokai 157.
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Item 757 Long Metaphor
Paripatal verses 17 and 18 are on Lord Skanda/Muruga.
It is about Tirupparamkundram temple near Madurai.
Here there is a long metaphor:
Elephant = cloud;
Cloth decorating face of elephant= lightning
Hall of paintings= Manmathan’s weaponry;
Running streams in the hill= quiver;
Fingers= Kaanthal flowers;
Indra’s bow= Rainbow;
Arrows= flowers;
War drums = thunder;
Yaaz /Lute music= Vedic chanting
And the people pray for their welfare and the welfare of their relatives.
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Item 758 King’s Visit to Temple Tirupparamkundram
In Purananuru we saw most famous Pandya King Mudukudumi Peruvazuthi going round Madurai Shiva Temple.
Here in Paripatal verse 19, we see Pandya king visiting Tirupparamkundram Skanda/ Muruga temple with his family and ministers.
It is compared with Stars and Moon going round the holy Meru Mountain.
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Item 759 Famous Hall of Painting
Though we come across paintings in many Sangam poems, here is a detailed report.
The Hall of Painting had Sun and Planets; it shows Hindus interest in Astronomy;
All the painting halls are inside the temples, not in palaces! (Kutralam Chitra Sabha etc)
An innocent village woman asked why there is a cat in the religious painting. Immediately her husband enlightened her by telling her the story of Indra molesting Ahalya and running away like a cat.
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Item 760 Knowledge in World Geography
Hindus of ancient India were far advanced in World History and World Geography.
Their knowledge in World History is seen in the reference to the death of thousands of kings in Kural and Purananuru; also we see seven kings taking the throne on the same day in Purananuru.
Here Vedic reference to sea is repeated. Hindus knew thousands of rivers pouring water into sea every second and yet the sea coast line is same.
They watched the weather for thousands of years and reported the wonder, the sun is sucking water from the sea every second; the rivers around the world pouring water into the sea, and yet it never became full and crossed the coast line.
This is in Paripatal verse 20, Pathitrupathu verse 90 and Maduraikanchi – Line 425.
Unless Hindus pass this information from one generation to another, poets could not have said this.
That shows another fact- passing information by mouth, which we see in Vedic Recitation for 6000 years (Herman Jacobi and B G Tilak’s Dating of Rig Veda)
To be continued……………………………..
Tags- Sex joke, menstruation, Paripatal, Paintings in temple, river and sea, word and meaning, Kalidas simile, Indra as cat, Purananuru wonders-52, Tamil Encyclopedia-92, One Thousand Interesting Facts – Part 92. Item 760.
Sarayu most prominently refers to a sacred river in Hinduism featured in the Ramayana, flowing through Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh past the city of Ayodhya. It is also a female given name and a common reference for notable public figures. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Location: Originates in the Kumaon Himalayas (Uttarakhand) and flows into the Ghaghara or Sharda river.
Significance: Deeply tied to the epic Ramayana and the city of Ayodhya; holy baths in its waters are believed to wash away sins.
Girls are named after this river until this day.
1) Sarayū (सरयू).—A river very famous in the Purāṇas. The most important things associated with the river are given below:
(i) Seven tributaries of Gaṅgā originate from the golden peaks of the Himālayas and Sarayū is one of them. Those who bathe in the river will be absolved from sins. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 169, Verse 20)
(ii) The river exists in Varuṇa’s court worshipping him. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 8).
(iii) Śrī Kṛṣṇa, Arjuna and Bhīma, on their way to Girivraja from Indraprastha crossed this river. (Sabhā Parva, Chapter 20, Verse 28).
(iv) It was at Gotāra (or Gopratara) in this river that Śrī Rāma drowned himself to death and attained Viṣṇupāda. (Vana Parva, Chapter 84, Verse 70).
(v) This river is the source of Agni (fire). (Vana Parva, Chapter 222, Verse 22).
(vi) Vasiṣṭha once blocked the course of Gaṅgā on its way to Kailāsa at Mānasasarovara. But, Gaṅgā broke the obstruction and flowed on, and Sarayū is the stream that started from there. (Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 155, Verse 23).
(vii) It is one of the rivers to be remembered both at dawn and dusk. (Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 165, Verse 21).
(viii) The city of Ayodhyā is situated on the banks of Sarayū. (Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Bālakāṇḍa, Canto 5, Verse 5).
2) Sarayū (सरयू).—Wife of the Agni Vīra. The couple had a son called Siddhi. (Vana Parva, Chapter 219, Verse
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Sankaradeva
Srimanta Sankaradeva (1449-1568 CE), the founder of the Vaishnavite order Eka Sarana Nāma Dharmawas a multi-faceted person whose works had different dimensions
He was an important personality in the annals of Indian history. He was not only a religious preceptor, but also a social reformer, who had sanskritized the ethnic groups of the volatile North East India and assimilated them with the national main-stream. He is considered as the father of the modern Assamese race.
Srimanta Sankaradeva was a cultural maestro too. He created a classical dance form known both as Sankari dance and Satriya dance. The Sangeet Nâtak Akâdemi of India recognized it as a classical dance form in 2000 CE. Srimanta Sankaradeva also evolved a school of classical music, which is named after him. He created as many as 25 Râgas of his own. He was also the first playright in all modern Indian languages. Above all these, he was the first prose writer. He introduced dro Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva is considered by his followers as an incarnation of God because of his multi-faceted contribution to the mankind as well as his perfect life. He strides over the national life of Assam like a giant colossus even five centuries after passing away. He went on pilgrimage twice, the first time touring the entire length and breadth of the country for long twelve years. He gave up his royal power as a king in middle Assam and came down to the level of the commoners. He founded the Eka Sharana Nâma Dharma, which preached devotion to a single God, lord Krishna.. He was also a fine artist. His art works have been preserved in the Albert Museum of London.
Srimanta Sankaradeva founded a whole new school of art. He initiated a new form of painting with his epoch-making drama-festival Chihna-Yâtrâ held in 1468 CE, where he drew the imaginary pictures of heaven to be used as backdrop. authored ten plays in his life. These were Chihna Yâtrâ, Patni Prasâda, Kâliya Damana, Keli Gopâla, Rukmini Harana, Pârijât Harana, Janma Yâtrâ, Gopi Uddhava Sambâda, Kangsa Badha and Sri Râma Vijaya. The first of these, Chihna Yâtrâ had been staged in 1468 CE. The second play Patni Prasâda was written while the saint was living at Gajalasuti temporarily.
He always advised his disciples to be very cautious about where and what they ate. He said that food offered by a pious man could liberate one while the food offered by an unmeritorious person destroyed one’s merits. During pilgrimage, he guided his disciples to proper places and proper hosts only. The Eka Sharana Nâma Dharma preached by Srimanta Sankaradeva gradually received wide acceptance in the entire Brahmaputra valley. Even the administrative officials of the Ahom kingdom were gradually won over to this egalitarian religion. The Ahoms earlier had their own traditional religion, which was akin to the Shakti worship of the Hindus. Sacrifice of animals to appease their deities was a common thing in the Ahom religion.
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Sarpa
Means snake; English words serpent snake are derived from Sanskrit. Sarpa worships is found in Rig Veda, later in Indus Valley sites. Now snakes are worshipped in most of the South Indian Temples. Thousands of stone snakes are installed in temples including Kuke Subrahmanya temple in Karnataka. In Kerala there are special shrines. Hindus believe that if they kill snakes, they wont have children. Naga Panchami is a special annual festival when live snakes are worshipped, particularly in Maharashtra. In the East India Snake goddess Manasa Devi is worshipped. Lord Vishnu is shown lying on a bed of snake, usually shown in statues with five, seven, nine heads.
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Satakratu
Śatakratu (शतक्रतु).— Indra. śata a hundred, kratu sacrifice; a hundred Ashwa-Medhas or sacrifices of a horse, elevating the sacrificer to the place and title of Indra. This name is in the Rig Veda. More about him is under INDRA.
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Satarudriya
Śatarudrīya (शतरुद्रीय):—It is said that gods are satiated if Śrī Rudram is chanted . Śatarudrīya means extolling one hundred ways of glorifying Rudra.
The Rudra-Adhyaya, known also as the Satarudriya, occurring in the Yajur Veda, is a soul-stirring hymn offered to the all-pervading Almighty, designated as Rudra-Siva. He is present in auspicious, benign forms by way of sustenance of all things created, and also as terrible forms which He assumes at the time of the dissolution and destruction of the cosmos at the end of time. A very intriguing aspect of God presented in this wondrous hymn is that God is both the good and the bad, the beautiful and the ugly, the right and the wrong, the positive and the negative, the high and the low, the conceivable and the inconceivable, the mortal and the immortal, existence and non-existence—every blessed notion of God and its correlative, or we may say the counter-correlative, the opposite, which also is included in the existence of God.
More about RUDRA and RUDRA HOMAM is under Rudra.
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Sati
Sati has two primary meanings: the mythological goddess (or a virtuous wife) who immolated herself due to grief or insult, and the historical socio-religious custom where a widow burned on her husband’s funeral pyre,
Goddess Sati: The consort of Lord Shiva who cast her body into the fire because her father Daksha insulted Shiva.
Virtuous Woman: The literal Sanskrit root meaning a pure, chaste, and devoted wife who embodies supreme loyalty.
It is not mentioned in Rig Veda and Manu Smriti. It is optional and not compulsory. From Ramayana and Mahabharata we see not all queens died when their husbands died.
Evil people used this custom with bad motives to inherit the property. Later it was banned. Christian preachers who burnt millions of women including Joan of Arc branding them witches, used Sati pictures abroad to hide their criminal acts.
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Satva guna
Sattva guna is the quality of purity, harmony, and balance. It is one of the three fundamental forces of nature (the trigunas) in Indian philosophy, alongside rajas (activity) and tamas (inertia). Sattva represents mental clarity, peace, truth, and inner goodness.
Characteristics of Sattva Guna
Purity: Cleanliness of body, speech, and mind.Clarity: Calm awareness, sharp focus, and truthfulness.Peace: Emotional stability, contentment, and lack of anger. Compassion: Selfless service, empathy, and love for all beings.
In the Bhagavad Gita, Sattva Guna (the mode of goodness, purity, and harmony) is primarily detailed in Chapter 14 (verses 5–18) and further categorized by daily habits like food, faith, and action in Chapter 17. Lord Krishna explains that Sattva illuminates the mind, brings deep inner peace, and creates a thirst for wisdom.Core Slokas on Sattva Guna (Chapter 14)Verse 14.5: Introduction to the three material modes (gunas), noting how Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas bind the eternal soul to the body.Verse 14.6: Defines Sattva as pure, illuminating, and healthy, noting that it binds the soul through attachment to happiness and knowledge.Verse 14.11: Describes the physical/mental symptom of Sattva: “When the light of wisdom shines through all the gates of the body, then know that sattva is predominant.”Verse 14.14: Explains the afterlife result: dying in dominant Sattva leads to the pure, stainless realms of the wise.Verse 14.18: Summarizes the trajectory: those in Sattva rise upward into higher states of spiritual evolution. Sattvik Expressions in Daily Life (Chapter 17)Faith (Verse 17.2–3): A person’s faith reflects their inner nature; a Sāttvik mind naturally leans toward divine and harmonious truths.Food (Verse 17.8): Sāttvik food increases life duration, purity, strength, health, joy, and satisfaction. It is juicy, smooth, wholesome, and pleasing to the heart.Worship, Sacrifice, and Charity (Verses 17.11, 17.17, 17.20): Sāttvik actions are done according to scripture, with a steadfast mind, without selfish desire, and strictly as a matter of duty without expecting rewards.
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Satyam Sivam Sundaram
Truth ; truth alone triumphs is the motto of India written in the national emblem of India. It is from the VUpanishads.
The first lesson in Vedic School is Satayam Vada- Speak Truth.
No where in the world we can see this syllabus.
Truth is God is the saying in India.
Taittiriya Upanishad (2.1.1): States “Satyam jnanam anantam brahma“—meaning Brahman is Truth, Knowledge, and Infinite.
Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (2.3.6): Calls Brahman “Satyasya Satyam”—the Truth of truth, meaning the absolute base behind life forces.
Mundaka Upanishad (3.1.6): Famously states “Satyam eva jayate nanritam“—Truth alone triumphs, not falsehood.
In Tamil Nadu State Government emblem “Satyam eva jayate is translated as VAAYMAIYE VELLUM.
No culture in the world has given SATYAM that much importance.
Whether it is Tamil Tirukkural or Sanskrit Niti Satakam of Bhartruhari, Truth occupies important place.
“Satyam Shivam Sundaram” is a profound philosophical Sanskrit phrase meaning “Truth, Goodness (Auspiciousness), and Beauty”. Shivam also means Lord Siva.
Satyam Shivam Sundram
which means Shiva is the truth, Shiva is
the divine joy and Shiva is beauty.
This phrase and Satyan Jnanam Anantham Brahma were popularised by Sri Sathya Sai Baba. Before that only Vedanti students knew these dictums.
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Shyamantaka
The Syamantaka Diamond handled by Lord Krishna and his relatives led to violence and several murders. The full story is in the Bhagavad Purana. My view is that Syamantaka corrupted into Diamantaka. My second view is that the murderous Syamantaka changed hundreds of hands and got the name Hope Diamond which is in an American museum now. Hope diamond became Hopeless diamond during the course of time and at last landed in America.
S=T interchangeability is seen in hundreds of English words we use everyday
Some examples :
condition, education, ambition- in hundreds of words with TION, the pronunciation is SION.
So Syamantaka + Tiamanthaka= DIAMOND is linguistically possible.
Story of Syamanataka:
Satrajit was a Yadava leader. He was a worshipper of Sun God. Sun God gave him a powerful diamond called Syamantaka (The hidden meaning is that he found it on the ground when he went to worship in the Sun Temple). It will emit red light and dazzle like sun. A lot of people eyed this diamond and conspired to get it. When Krishna asked him to give it to Ugrasena, he refused and gave it to his own brother Prasen. When Prasen went on a hunting expedition he was killed by a lion and the diamond was taken by a tribal group known as Jambhavans. They were called Bear people because they wore the bear (Jambhavan) symbol.
Everybody suspected Krishna and thought he stole the diamond from Prasen and disposed him off. Krishna wanted to clear his name and so went in search of Prasen. He found his mauled body in the forest and traced the footsteps. When he saw Jambhavan’s children playing with the diamond, he tried to get it from them, but ended in a fight. The fight with Jambhavan went for a month and at last he reached an agreement with Jambhavan, the tribal leader and got his daughter Jambhavati in marriage. As a marriage gift he got the diamond.
Krishna returned to his kingdom and gave Syamantaka back to Satrajit. Satrajit thanked Krishna wholeheartedly and gave his daughter Satyabhama in marriage to Krishna. When Krishna made an urgent visit to Hastinapura , another person by name Satadhanwa killed Satrajit and took the diamond. So far the diamond caused two murders and two marriages !! It did not stop there.
When Krishna returned to Dwaraka ,his wife told him that his father was murdered for the diamond. Krishna and Balarama went on a mission to get the diamond. They chased Satadhanwa for nearly a thousand mile and killed him near Mithila in Bihar. A dangerous diamond caused three deaths and three fights and thousand mile trip from Gujarat to Bihar!! But only after killing him, they came to know the diamond was given to Akrura for safe custody by Satadhanwa.
Akrura had already escaped with the diamond to Kasi. He ran away for a thousand mile just because of the diamond. Krishna brought him back and Akrura returned the diamond to Krishna. Knowing that it was a murderous diamond, Krishna gave it back to Akrura and asked him to stay in Dwaraka. The diamond was attributed with magical qualities like bringing lot of gold like the goose that lays golden eggs.
This is the end of the Syamantaka story in our Hindu scriptures. My research shows that it caused more fights and murders and went to USA after passing several hands in India, France and Britain.
Syamantaka went to foreign countries in the name of HOPE diamond. Knowing that it was a HOPELESS diamond, at last it was sent to a museum in the USA.
To be continued……………………
Tags- Sarayu, Sankaradeva, Sati, Satarudriya, Satyam , Syamantaka, Diamond, HINDU DICTIONARY IN ENGLISH AND TAMIL 95; இந்து மத கலைச்சொல் அகராதி-95
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
Purananuru wonders-51, Tamil Encyclopedia-91, One Thousand Interesting Facts – Part 91
Item 742 zodiac / stars/Air plane shadow in Vaigai water
Paripatal verse 11 on River Vaigai, has astronomical references. One reference talk about the shadow of the aeroplane of Devas, dwellers of heaven. The poet says the river water was crystal clear that can reflect the plane of Devas. It means that they can see airplanes and their reflections in water (lines 62-71).
For the first time, we come across five planets with Tamil words:
We come across zodiac signs in Sanskrit words- Mithunam-Gemini; Makara-Capricorn;
Stars are also mentioned- Kartikai- Pleiades ; Arudra- Betelgeuse;
For the first time star Canopus= Agastya nakshathra is mentioned.
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Item 743 lunar eclipse
The day was Avani Avittam Day when the snake devoured Moon.
The meaning is on Sravana Purnima day there was a lunar eclipse.
Some scholars have used these to calculate the period or age of Paripatal.
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Item 744 Controversial dating
Based on the planetary configuration and horoscope data found in the opening lines of Paripāṭal Poem XI, astronomical calculations by scholars including Swamikannu Pillai and historian Roger Billard point to the date of July 17, 634 CE.
Astronomical Basis for the Dating
Planetary Positions: The text outlines a specific alignment of celestial bodies, including references to Saturn moving into Capricorn (Makara) from Sagittarius (Dhanus).
Backbone for Chronology: This explicit internal horoscope serves as a vital chronological anchor (sheet anchor) for evaluating the timeline of classical Sangam literature, which is otherwise heavily debated (traditionally ranging from 300 BCE to 300 CE or later compilation phases).
Interpretative Nuance: While the planetary math matches the July 634 CE alignment, debates persist regarding specific textual interpretations, such as contextual mentions of the star Canopus (Agastya) and its heliacal rising relative to the horizon of Madurai.
If Paripatal is dated seventh century CE, then date of Sangam works will also be questioned. The author of this poem NALLANTHUVANAR is praised by Purananuru poet Maruthan Ilanagan! So date of Purananuru is also debateable.
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Item 745 Beautiful Descriptions of women
Women wore Mallikai, Kuvalai , Asoka, Neithal and other flowers. Nowadays Tamil women wear only fragrant flowers like Mallikai/Jasmine (Mullai, Pichi also belong to the same genus Jasminium).
One woman wore two flowers on her ears and another woman dubbed her as a woman with four eyes.
Another woman wore Tilak on her forehead and she looked like Goddess Durga with three eyes.
Tamils were well versed in all Puranas
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Item 746 sex maniac washed away
One man was swimming in the flooded river with the help of bundle of plantain tree stems; when he saw a beautiful woman on the banks, he lost his grip and washed away in the floods. The beauty was trying to follow him and her mother stopped her.
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Item 747 Ambavadal , Arudra festival
This poem is the longest one with 140 lines; since we lost majority of the Paripatal poems, we don’t know the length of other poems. Here we get full description of two festivals now celebrated partly in Tamil Nadu and Kerala
One of them is Ambavadal when women observe fasting in the name of Goddess Amba;
Another is Arudra festival in celebration of Lord Siva; we have all the ceremonies recounted; Brahmins going with golden pots; doing fire ceremonies (Yaga/Havan) on the banks; drying wet clothes etc.
This Arudra festival falls in the moth of Thai; and people do bathing on that day.
Part of these things can be seen in Mayuram and other places in Tamil Nadu, named Kadaimuka Snanam.
Thiruvathirai , that is Arudra Festival, is celebrated on a grand scale in Kerala today; women dress themselves with sandal colour saris, do flower decorations on the floor and sing and dance in groups. Special types of dishes are made.
Tamils in Tamil Nadu go to Siva temples on that day and make special dishes
Thiruvathirai in Kerala
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Item 747 Ashtami Moon/ Half Moon
Poet described the river Vaigai as Ashtami Chandra. It never reaches Amavasya/ no moon day. The meaning is water increase and decrease but never dried up.
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Item 748 husband was beaten
Paripatal verse 12 is also on River Vaigai ; we come across an interesting scene where the wife beats her husband; the reason is another beauty looked at him; her reason for beating was that he was a bad man and so the other woman had an amorous glance at him; but he argued that it was not his fault. Though these types of narrations may be poetic exaggerations, we understand human psychology; women were so jealous that they considered their husbands unsaleable property!
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Item 749
This verse gives us a list of flowers that were washed away by the River from the western ghats called Sahyadri.; also the names of musical instruments; one more historical information is that the Vaigai river water touched the fort walls of Madurai in those days. Now we can’t even guess where that Madurai was and what was the course of river 2000 years ago.
While I am writing this piece , I remember the good old days before the construction of so many dams on river Vaigai and its tributaries; a lot of buildings are erected blocking the real course of the river.
And I read in today’s British newspapers that due to the unprecedented heat wave in Europe 50,000 thousand ponds in Britain have dried up; and the environmentalists say most of them would never recover.
Now I can understand what happened to Vedic Sarsvati river, Indus valley Civilisation etc. Weather plays a big role in shaping the history of a country!
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Item 750 Rivers are Women
Throughout Tamil and Sanskrit literature, rivers are dubbed as women and the sea is compared with the handsome man; so all women are running after him. All the rivers except Brahmaputra have feminine names in India. In this verse also,
Mountain- birth place of a woman/river
River – daughter
Sea – hero/ husband of rivers (see verse 11).
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Item 751 Cacophony
All the people were talking at the same time; added to this was music from different instruments; so nothing was audible. Commentators added it was like people speaking in 18 languages. In literature India is described a s a land of 18 Bashas/languages
To be continued…………………..
Tags- Purananuru wonders-51, Tamil Encyclopedia-91, One Thousand Interesting Facts – Part 91. Item 751, Airplane shadow in Vaigai River 2000 years ago
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
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One Thousand Interesting Facts – Part 89
Item 727
River Vaigai and Tolkappiar
If one looks at the River Vaigai today and compares it with the river in Paripatal, one wouldn’t believe the description in Paripatal. It has deteriorated to the extent of a gutter. And we could easily guess what happened to the ancient Vedic River Saraswati. Half of the devastation is caused by the humans and the other by nature or climate.
The poet described the beauty of Vaigai clothed with flowers. Women and men enjoy bathing in it and lovers made it a meeting point. Theu used boats to cross the river!
Here we remember the strange story of Nachinarkiniar, the most famous Tamil commentator of Sangam literature. During Vaigai floods, Tolkappiar used one stick to cross the river with Lopamudra, wife of Agastya. Tolkappiar avoided holding the woman’s hand and so he gave a long pole so that Lopamudra can hold the other end; even this gesture angered Agastya and he cursed Tolkappiar; and Tolkappiar in turn cursed Agastya for unjust behaviour. Nacchi also added Tolkappiar’s original name was Trunadumagni; unfortunately, we did not have any other personal details about the great Tamil grammarian. The Payiram/Intro of Tolkappiam says Tolkappiar’s work was approved by Acharya of Athankodu who was well versed in Four Vedas.
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Item 728 Sworn on Tirupparankundram
In verse six, which is about River Vaigai there is a lovely argument between a lover and the lady love. She blamed him of visiting another woman and hence delay in coming to her. It is a long argument and at the end he swears on Tirupparankundram! That is the abode of Lord Muruga/Skanda. It shows the belief on God Muruga and the custom of swearing.
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Item 729
Paripatal verse 7 is also on River Vaigai .
Here are some interesting similes. The poet compared the floods to a dancer who could not dance according to rules; devastation caused by the floods is given in full details; the floods washed away the ornaments of women; vast paddy fields were submerged under water. And we come across the city name TIRU MARUTHA MUN THURAI. Scholars believe that was the original name of Madurai. And the woman who enjoyed the bathing prays that she should enjoy it for ever. Vaigai floods looked like Pandya army entering an enemy country , according to the poet.
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Item 730
Verse 10 is also on the same river where a strange custom is sung by the poet.
Vaigai water festival is narrated. People used wooden water guns to sprinkle colour water. Even today we can see water guns or squirt guns used by the villagers during Chitra festival in Madurai. It is made up of skin bag with a narrow tube to squirt water. Like Holi festival Madurai people used coloured water 2000 years ago.
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Item 731 strange custom of golden animals
In Hindu temples and in the ancient Greek temples, devotees offered golden or silver replicas of body parts to gods and goddesses as a token of thanks for curing diseases in those body parts of individuals. Even now Tamil Hindus do this in many temples. But in ancient Madurai, women threw golden replicas of fish, crab, conches into River Vaigai , saying “let there be prosperity”.
Probably devotees do such things in other parts of India as well.
Several types of games including ball games are recounted
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Item 732
Paripatal verse five is composed on Lord Muruga/Skanda.
God’s elephant name is Pinimukham.
God Skanda has 12 arms, six faces. The demon Surapadman was in the shape of Mango Tree.
The association of the demon with Mango tree deserves more research.
Throughout Tamil Sangam poems we see certain trees are associated with chieftains; they were guarded, respected and saluted by the common folk. Any disrespect to the Guardian Tree is not tolerated by the chieftain or the local leader.
Throughout Sangam literature a particular Mango Tree is portrayed as the Demon Sura Padman, enemy of Muruga/Skanda.
Nowadays a plantain tree is brought and planted instead of mango tree; and the tree is symbolically cut off during Skanda Sasthi festival.
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Item 733 rebirth
And in this verse five on Lord Skanda/Muruga belief on rebirth is confirmed.
One gets a good birth if one does good deeds or bad birth if one does bad deeds.
Karma theory is described thus.
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Item 734 metaphor
We come across a metaphor as follows
Brahma – charioteer;
Earth- chariot;
Vedas- horses;
Mountain – bow;
Snake- the bow string; (also in Puram. Verse 55)
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Item 735 attack on atheists (Lokayata/ Carvaka)
Those who argued that there is no rebirth are called idiots/ fools in line 76.
Parimel azakar was the commentor for Paripatal verses. He is the most celebrated commentator onTirukkural as well. He was a temple priest of Kanchipuram Vishnu Temple. He has used the same comment on Kural 281.
Lokayata or Carvaka (Sweet Talkers)
“Indian Materialism” refers to the school of thought within Indian philosophy that rejects supernaturalism. It is regarded as the most radical of the Indian philosophical systems. It rejects the existence of other worldly entities such an immaterial soul or god and the after-life. Its primary philosophical import comes by way of a scientific and naturalistic approach to metaphysics. Thus, it rejects ethical systems that are grounded in supernaturalistic cosmologies. The good, for the Indian materialist, is strictly associated with pleasure and the only ethical obligation forwarded by the system is the maximization of one’s own pleasure.
We see it in Valmiki Ramayana in Jabali Rishi’s argument.
Hindus are the only people who included this as a system of philosophy. But in most places, it is condemned. Patripatal poet Kaduvan Ilaveyinanar called the atheists idiots/ false people (Madavor in Tamil)
To be continued…………………..
Tags- item 735, Tamil attacks on Atheists: Purananuru wonders-49, Tamil Encyclopedia-89 , One Thousand Interesting Facts – Part 89
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
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Part 90
Sakuntala and Saakuntalam
Śakuntalā (शकुन्तला).—The daughter of Viśvāmitra and Menakā; was brought up in Kaṇva’s āśrama with nīvāra food; Duṣyanta who came there was entertained and was accepted as her Lord by Gāndharva vidhi. Gave birth to the future Bharata and came to the king’s palace with the child; was refused admission by the king who had forgotten her. A voice in the air urged the king to accept her and he did so;1 a queen of Duṣyanta and mother of Bharata. Bharata became a universal monarch, and gave his name to India which came to be called Bharatavarsa.
The Abhijnana Shakuntalam
The Abhijnana Shakuntalam is a renowned Sanskrit play by Kalidasa, depicting the story of Sakuntala from the Mahabharata. The play chronicles the love between King Dushyanta and Shakuntala, who faces trials due to a curse that makes the king forget her. After losing a ring that signifies their union, fate ultimately leads to their reunion and the birth of their son Bharata, an ancestor of the Kauravas and Pandavas. The play has inspired numerous translations and adaptations globally. William Jones translated the play into English and published it in 1792 under the title
Sacontalá; : or, The fatal ring: an Indian drama By
CÁLIDÁS.
Sir William Jones: Translated the play into English in 1789 as Sacontalá or The Fatal Ring and famously compared Kālidāsa to Shakespeare, calling him the “Shakespeare of India” for his deep insight into human nature.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Wrote an ecstatic epigram stating that Śākuntalā combines the early blossoms of spring and late fruits of autumn, encompassing earth and heaven in a single name. He was also inspired by its prologue for his own Faust.
Alexander von Humboldt: Praised Kālidāsa as a masterly describer of nature who combined creative fancy with delicate expressions of feeling, giving the playwright a lofty rank among global poets.
Friedrich Schlegel: Noted that despite its exotic and foreign setting, the general structure of Śākuntalā bears a striking and favorable resemblance to European romantic drama. [1]
Modern Critics: View the text through comparative frameworks like ecocriticism, analyzing how the deep bond between Śākuntalā and the natural forest world anticipates modern environmental and ecofeminist thought.
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Shalmali dwipa
Salmali Dwipa is one of the seven concentric insular continents (sapta-dwipa) described in ancient Hindu cosmology and Puranic texts. It derives its name from the large Shalmali (silk-cotton) tree that characterizes the land, and is traditionally said to be surrounded by an ocean of wine (Sura-samudra)
Australia Connection: Many modern alternative interpretations and independent researchers correlate Shalmali Dwipa with Australia, noting the presence of native silk-cotton (Shalmali) or similar kapok trees.
Eastern Europe, East Africa, or regions of Southeast Asia, because these cosmological descriptions use symbolic geography rather than literal modern borders.
My opinion
No two clocks agree; no two identifications agree. It is sheer waste of time to identify them with modern geographical locations. I still wonder why did they say it. Identifying such dwipas in America and Australia is also not wise. They were described as Patala loka. So, all the seven Dwipas must be within Asia, and may be coastal East Africa .
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Salatura
Known historically as the birthplace of Pāṇini, the famous ancient linguist and grammarian who formalized Sanskrit. Documented by the 7th-century Chinese traveler Xuanzang, who noted a local memorial statue dedicated to Pāṇini.
Location: Near modern-day Lahore in Pakistan.
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Sama Veda
Samaveda is one of the four Vedas . It is known for its focus on melodies, chants, and musical aspects. Most of the hymns are from the Rigveda. This Veda plays a significant role in rituals and worship, with its hymns sung for ceremonial purposes. It is also associated with the development of Indian music. It must be as old as Rig Veda, that is 4000 BCE to 2000 BCE.
Rigvedic origin: 1,474 to 1,771 verses are sourced from the Rigveda (primarily books 8 and 9).
Original compositions: Only about 75 to 99 verses are uniquely native to the Samaveda itself
Ritual Timing: Performed during major sacrificial ceremonies, particularly when the juice of the Soma plant was mixed and offered as a drink to the gods.
Regional Schools (Sakhas): Preserved through oral traditions across different parts of India, notably the Kauthuma tradition in Gujarat, Ranayaniya in Maharashtra, and Jaiminiya in Southern India.
English word Committee is derived from Rig Vedic word Samiti. English pronunciation is wrong; C=S. Committee should be pronounced SAMITI.
Samiti (समिति) denotes an ‘assembly’ of the Vedic tribe. It is already mentioned in the Rigveda, and sometimes in connexion with Sabhā. Ludwig considers that the Samiti included all the people, primarily the viśaḥ, ‘subjects’, but also the Maghavans and Brahmins if they desired, though the Sabhā was their special assembly
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Samudrika lakshana
Samudrika Lakshana is an ancient Indian science of body features. It interprets physical marks, shapes, and structures to understand a person’s character, fortune, and life path.
Samudrika Lakshanam (Agathiyar): Authored by the sage Agathiyar, this historic text focuses heavily on South Indian traditions, life histories, and the categorization of physical features.
Rati Rahasya by Kokkoka: A medieval Sanskrit text that classifies bodily and psycho-physical traits, particularly detailing the physical classifications of women (such as Padmini, Chitrini, Shankini, and Hastini).
Samudrikam / Samudrika Shastra Chapters: Found within broader ancient manuscripts, these texts systematically record face shapes, cranial structure, hair patterns, palm lines, and moles to interpret character and destiny.
Hindus have divided arts under 64 branches. An expert is expected to master all those subjects. A popular Tamil hymn is praising Goddess Saraswati as the one who bestows everyone with these 64 “arts”. One of them is the art of knowing the character of a man by studying his features. This is called Samudrika Lakshna.
Throughout Sanskrit scriptures like Ramayana and Sangam Tamil poems we come across Aajaanu Baahu, eyes like lotus petal etc. So the science of body features must have existed even before the epics.
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Sandana/ Sandal wood
The sandana tree—more commonly known as the sandalwood tree (specifically Santalum album)—is a sacred evergreen tree famed for its heavy, yellow, highly aromatic wood and essential oils.
Sandal paste is used to decorate idols and statues of Gods and Goddesses in Indian Temples.
It is used by male and female for coolness.
It is considered an auspicious symbol and offered at the gates of Wedding Halls to the guests.
The pasted applied on Gods is valued very much. In Temples like Guruvayur they offer it on green leaves.
It is used in Ayurvedic medicines and treatment.
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Santhaana Lakshmi
One of the Eight Lakshmi forms; bestower of good children.
Santānalakṣmī (सन्तानलक्ष्मी, “Progeny Lakṣmī”):—One of the eight primary forms of Lakṣmī (aṣṭalakṣmī) represented as the bestower of offspring. She has six arms, carries two kalashas (water pitcher with mango leaves and a coconut on it), sword, shield, a child on her lap, a hand in abhaya-mudra and th eo ther holding the child. The child holds a lotus.
Adi Lakshmi: The first form, giving spiritual wealth and inner peace.
Dhana Lakshmi: The giver of money, gold, and material riches.
Dhanya Lakshmi: The goddess of food, crops, and farming.
Gaja Lakshmi: The giver of animal wealth, power, and royal status.
Santana Lakshmi: The protector of family, children, and future generations.
Dhairya Lakshmi (Veera Lakshmi): The source of great courage, strength, and bravery.
Vijaya Lakshmi: The bringer of success and victory in all tasks.
Vidya Lakshmi: The provider of education, intellect, and arts knowledge.
To be continued…………………
Tags- santhana Lakshmi, sakuntala, part 90, Hindu Dictionary, Ashta Lakshmi.
Ruled for 16 years; donated a lot to poet Perumkundrur Kizar.
He established Chatukka Bhutam; we hear many stories about Chatukka Bhutam in Tamil epic Silappadikaram.
Chatukkam is City Square.
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Item 683 Committed Suicide
Kanaikkal Irumporai; Chozan Ko Chenganan (Red Eyed Choza) defeated this king and put him in Jail; when he asked for water the prison warders deliberately delayed it to insult him; he starved himself to death.
A great king who upheld self -respect.
All Tamil poems encourage death instead of losing one’s self-respect.
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Item 684
Anthuvan Cheral Irumporai; father of Selvak Kadunko Vazi Adan – selvak kadunko vaazi aadan.
He ruled from Karur (also called Vanji);
His enemy was Choza king Mudithalai Kopperu Narkilli.
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Item 685
Palai Padiya Perunkadunko—paalai paadiya –
Composed many poems under Palai genre.
Poetess Miss Peymakal Ilaveyini praised him.
He donated Golden Lotus to poets.
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Item 686
Marutham Padiya Ilam kadunko—marutham paadiya –
He composed many poems under Marutham genre
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Item 687 Chera Kings in Inscriptions!
Though we have lots of names of kings in the Sangam literature we need archaeological proof to confirm the details.
For the first time, we have three kings mentioned in Pukalur Inscriptions.
Following kings were mentioned in it:
Ko Adan Sellirumporai;
Perum Kadungko;
Ilam Kadungko.
From the Pathitruppattau book, scholars concluded that we have two sets of Chera Kings ruling simultaneously; they were Cheras and Irumporais.
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Item 688
The above information from Sangam book Pathitruppathu is valuable historical information. From no other Sangam book we have such orderly information. The ruling years of each king shows that someone had collected and documented such information. The only problem is two kings ruling at the same time in two different places in Chera kingdom. If scholars sit together the problem can be solved. Already Sesha Iyer and others have written books on Chera history. But a co ordinated attempt using coins, inscriptions and Sanskrit Books is needed.
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Item 689
Among the Pandyas we have reliable information from Velvikkudi copper plates and Purananuru. We have precise information of Kaddungkon (590-620 CE) who drove out the Kalbhras, a mysterious gang. So far we can only guess who they were.
Later we have
Maravarman Avani sulamani- 620-645 CE
Senthan- 645-670
Arikesari Maravarman 670-700
Kochadaiyan Ranadheeran 700-70
Maravarman Rajasimhan – 730-765
Parantaka Nedunchadaiyan 756-815
Srimara Srivallabhan- 815-862
Varagunan II- 862-885
Parantaka Veeranarayanan- 862-905
Maravarman Rajasimhan- 905-920 CE
Chera Kings and Pandya Kings had an average 30 years ruling period which is above the average of other areas.
We did not have this much information from Sangam books about the Early Pandyas.
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Item 690
Sangam Age Pandyas
My research shows Kalidasa knew Mudukudumi Peruvazuthi who performed innumerable Yagas and erected Yupa pillars according o Purananuru. Kalidasa in his Raghuvamsam linked the Agastya and Pandyas for the first time in literature; this Mudukudumi Peruvazuthi must have lived in the first century BCE or a little earlier. Kalidasa helps us to identify him.
Tiruvilayadal Puranam gives a complete list of Pandyas up to Tiru Gnana Sambandar 630 CE and no attempt has been made to correlate that information with other literature.
It is strange that neither Kalidasa nor Kharavela (130 BCE) mentioned Chozas or Cheras. My guess is that just after or just before Karikal Choza, Pandyas had an upper hand. Sri Lanka’s Mahavamsam also said that Vijaya got princesses from Pandya country for himself and other ministers.
–Subham–
Tags- Zoological Facts from Sangam Book, Purananuru wonders-45, Tamil Encyclopedia-85, One Thousand Interesting Facts -Part 85, Mountain goats, Nilgris Tahr, item 690
