ALEXANDER ‘PURANA’ AND ZARATHUSHTRA MIRACLE (Post No.5060)

Picture of Zoroaster

Written by London Swaminathan 

 

Date: 30 May 2018

 

Time uploaded in London – 15-27

 

Post No. 5060

 

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I have already given the stories of walking on the water and flying through the air from Hindu, Buddhist and Jain sources. There is one more story from the Parsi religion. When we talk about religion, we believe in the miracles done by great saints. But the strange thing about the Greek writers is that they wrote fanciful stories and  interesting stories about Alexander the Great. The stories range from Alexander falling in love with Hindu and other women to walking on the water etc.

Purana= mythology

Here is the story about Z of Persian/Parsi religion (Persia= Modern Iran)

ZARATHUSHTRA , appearing in the Zerdsht Nama, dated 1278 CE has the following anecdote:

ZARATHUSHTRA  having arrived at the banks of River Araxes, found no boat. He worried about his wife and himself exposing themselves semi naked just to cross the river.  There were lot of people watching them. He prayed to the Lord and then they all walked safely on the surface of the water and crossed the river. Since Muslim invaders destroyed most of the Parsi scriptures, we wouldn’t know whether this story is from any ancient book or a later one. The fact that ZARATHUSHTRA  and his family walked on the surface of the water may be due to Indian influence. From Rig Vedic seers to Vasudeva (father of Krishna) we have many stories in Hindu religion about walking on water or rivers obeying the commands of the saints.

Alexander ‘Mahatmyam’ (Great Holy  Story)

Alexander, the hero of much fairy tale, figures in some marvellous affairs with the waters, of which one is the passage of the sea at Pamphylia. Greek Historian Arrian (First century CE) in his Anabasis of Alexander 1-26 says that there is no passage along beach except when the north wind blows; “at that time after strong South wind, rendered his passage easy and quick, not without divine intervention, as he and his men interpreted.”

Greek biographer Plutarch (46-120 CE) in his life of   Alexander refers to the same legend and quotes Menander in connection with it, but Alexander himself made no claim of anything miraculous in the passage.

 

Greek historian Appian (First century CE) also knew the legend and in his Civil Wars mentioned it in connection with an adventure of Caesar’s in the Ionian Sea.

 

Greek geographer Strabo (First century CE) said the army passed in the water for a whole day and the water was up to navel.

 

Greek historian Callisthenes, however, said that sea not only opened for him but even rose and fell in homage. He quoted Eusthatius for his statement. But this statement should not be taken literally but may be looked upon as a rhetorical embellishment to something which was understood more prosaically.

 

Roman historian and hagiographer Josephus (First century CE) gives the event an undeniably miraculous touch. In the Antiquities, he described the Hebrew crossing of the Red Sea (under Moses), he cites this legend in confirmation of that in Exodus, and the sea divided for Alexander, in an offhand way referring to the other historians as his authority.

There is another story about in the Pseudo Callisthenes. When Alexander arrived in Babylon, he himself went in disguise as an ambassador to Darius. He received and entertained him, with a banquet in the evening. During the course of the banquet a Persian Lord recognised Alexander, and informed Darius, Persian King.  Alexander, finding himself discovered, fled from the hall, snatching a torch to light him through darkness. Fortunately, he chanced upon a horse at the door. Now by the might of the gods, Alexander crossed the river, but when he had reached the other side and the fore feet of the horse rested on dry land, the water which had been frozen over suddenly melted, and the hind legs of the horse went down into the river. Alexander however leaped from the horse to land, and the horse was drowned in the river.

 

So all cultures have similar stories, which in course of time, changed into mythology.  When religions had such stories, they were all attributed to help from the gods.  When historical figures appear in such stories some find heroic adventures there and some others say they are nothing but lucky coincidences. These stories make the history interesting to read.

Source: The Indian and Christian Miracles of Walking on the Water, William Norman Brown, 1928

–Subham–

 

 

 

WALKING ON THE WATER: INDIAN MIRACLES! (Post No.5026)

WRITTEN by London Swaminathan 

 

Date: 19 May 2018

 

Time uploaded in London – 16-43 (British Summer Time)

 

Post No. 5026

 

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Miracles in water or on the surface of water is in every religion. But the earliest miracles appear in the Rig Veda, the oldest book in the world.  Rig Veda is dated by various scholars from 6000 BCE to 1500 BCE. Buddhist literature followed it. Around 300 BCE we have some stories about Buddha flying over water to Sri Lanka or Buddhist disciples walking on water to reach the Buddha. Hebrews had the Miracle of Israelites crossing the Red Sea in the old testament of the Bible. New Testament has Peter crossing the waters on foot. Greek writers have story of Alexander doing some miraculous crossings.

Krishna was taken in the basket by Vasudeva across the River Yamuna and the river gave him the way. Adi Shankara’s disciple Padmapada (Mr.Lotus Feet) got the name because when his Guru called him he simply walked on the river and a lotus appeared at every step he took and he walked over it. Hinduism has so many stories like this. Hatayoga teaches one to walk on water.

 

Water miracles are of different types:

 

1.The water divides and one can walk in the dry area.

2.The water becomes shallow and one can easily cross it.

3.The water stays as such and one can simply walk on it.

4.Some factors like strong wind or a lotus or a board appear and one can cross the sea or river

5.One can levitate and fly over the surface like a hovercraft.

  1. A mixture of one or two features of the above list.

 

Let us first look at the Rig Vedic miracle which is the source for all water miracles:

William Norman Brown, who surveyed the ancient literature for water miracles says, “The earliest example of crossing water magically appears in the Rig Veda (3-33), where it is accomplished by means of a religious act. The hymn is famous, celebrating the crossing of the rivers Vipaas and Sutudri, the modern Beas (Vyasa) and Sutlej in Punjab. The hymn is in the form of a dialogue between the seer Visvamitra and the two Rivers”.

 

Probably this is the earliest such inter action with nature. There is a beautiful description of rivers running towards ocean. The sage uses several similes.

This hymn exploded the half- baked theories of Vedic Hindus’ ‘ ignorance’ about the seas. Apart from that, it is a beautiful poetry on Nature. This portrays rivers as mothers and sisters. There also it strikes a first. Later cultures followed this Vedic concept and described earth as Mother (Gaia in Greek)

 

Sayana, the most famous Vedic commentator, has a story about this hymn. Sage Visvamitra came with lot of treasures and asked the rivers to give him way. Then it allowed him to pass through the rivers. There is history as well. Sudas was helped by Indra to marchforward.

 

Now look at the beautiful similes:

3-33-1: Like a pair of racing horses you two rivers flow

Like two mother cows licking their calves, your waves lash the banks

3-33-2: you two rivers are like the wheels of a chariot

3-33-10 : Rivers say: Oh, seer! You have come far away with wagon and chariot. We will heed to your words “Low shall I bow like a blooming young woman; like a maiden to her lover”.

 

Visvamitra’s request to the rivers:

Pray listen sisters, to the bard;  he has come to you from afar with wagon and chariot; pray bow down yourselves; become easy to cross. O rivers be lower than the axles with your streams.

May your waves reach up to as far as the hubs, but O waters spare the reins; and let not the two innocents, faultless oxen come to harm.

 

Here we see some kindness towards animals. Let the oxen of the wagon be safe. They are innocent. In every aspect, it shows a highly civilized society.

 

Visvamitra’s penance made the rivers to subside and allowed the hosts to pass over.

When we compare other miracles attributed to Visvamitra we can be of sure about his powers.

 

The feat of crossing these rivers are also in 3-53-9, 7-18-5, 7-33.

 

Similar help in crossing rivers is given by Indra to Turviti and Vavya in RV 2-13-2 and 4-19-6, 1-61-11.

There are also others getting such help in 1-174-9 and 2-15-5.

 

So it is established that Indra as God of the Waters, miraculously renders them passable to his worshippers.

RV 10-136 also speaks of such a miracle.

There is a reference in the Mahabharata about the pious king Dilipa. His chariot did not sink in the water. Bhagavata Purana clearly says the River Yamuna gave passage to infant Krishna. Basha, one of the earliest playwrights, also refer to this in his drama Bala carita:

“VASUDEVA FLEES WITH INFANT Krishna; the darkness is impenetrable, but a marvellous light comes from the child and the Yamuna makes a dry path for him to cross”. All the above references are from BCE time.

 

—Subham–