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TAMIL WISDOM- AVVAIYAR’S KONDRAI VENTHAN IN ENGLISH AND TAMIL – PART 3 (Post No.5518)

 

TAMIL WISDOM- AVVAIYAR’S KONDRAI VENTHAN IN ENGLISH AND TAMIL – PART 3 (Post No.5518)

 

Compiled by London Swaminathan

 
swami_48@yahoo.com
Date: 8 October 2018

 

Time uploaded in London –13-13 (British Summer Time)

 

Post No. 5518

 

Pictures shown here are taken from various sources including google, Wikipedia, Facebook friends and newspapers. This is a non- commercial blog.

 

PART 3
நகர வருக்கம் – APHORISMS BEGINNING WITH ‘NA’

48.FRIENDSHIP THAT NOT GOOD WILL LEAD TO TROUBLE
48. நல்லிணக்கம் அல்லல் படுத்தும்.

TIRUKKURAL 814

A FAITHLESS HORSE THROWS DOWN THE RIDER IN THE BATTLE FIELD. TO BE ALONE IS BETTER THAN TO HAVE SUCH FRIENDS.

TIRUKKURAL 816

THE HATRED OF WISE MEN IS A MILLION TIMES BETTER THAN THE INTIMACY OF SENSELESS FOOLS.

XXX

  1. IF THE WHOLE COUNTRY PROSPERS THERE IS NO INDIGENCE/POVERTY
    49. நாடெங்கும் வாழக் கேடொன்றும் இல்லை.

TIRUKKURAL 738

FIVE ARE THE ORNAMENTS OF A COUNTRY- BLOOMING HEALTH, WEALTH, RICH HARVEST, HAPPINESS, DEFENSIVE FORCES.

TIRUKKURAL 739

IT IS A LAND WHICH YIELDS RICH FOOD AND NEEDS NO FOREIGN AID. IT IS NO LAND WHICH NEEDS VERY HARD LABOUR.

XXX

50.TO LEARN TO PURPOSE IS NOT TO FAIL IN SPEECH
50. நிற்கக் கற்றல் சொல் திறம்பாமை.

TIRUKKURAL 299

ALL LAMPS ARE OF NO AVAIL. THE LIGHT OF TRUTH IS THE ONLY LAMP WHICH THE WISE CHERISH.

XXX

 

51.RESIDE IN PACE WHERE THERE IS PLENTY OF WATER
51. நீரகம் பொருந்திய ஊரகத்து இரு.

TIRUKKURAL 12

RAIN IS INSTRUMENTAL IN THE PRODUCTION OF GOOD FOOD AND IS ITSELF FOOD.

XXX

52.THOUGH YOUR WORK BE TRIFLING, CONSIDER BEFORE YOU BEGIN
52. நுண்ணிய கருமமும் எண்ணித் துணி.

TIRUKKURAL 468

ANY ENTERPRISE WITHOUT PROPER PLANS  WILL GO TO PIECES EVEN IF MANY BACK IT

TIRUKKURAL 467

VENTURE ON THE ACTION AFTER REFLECTION; TO SAY WE WILL REFLECT AFTER VENTURING IS DANGEROUS.

XXX

53.STUDY BOOKS ON MORALS AND WALK ACCORDINGLY
53. நூல்முறை தெரிந்து சீலத்து ஒழுகு.

TIRUKKURAL 391

STUDY WELL THOSE BOOKS WHICH ARE WORTH STUDYING; LET YOUR LIFE BE A NOBLE COMMENTARY ON IT

 

XXX

54.THERE IS NO FRAUD IN WHICH THE HEART IS NOT CONCERNED
54. நெஞ்சை ஒளித்து ஒரு வஞ்சகம் இல்லை.

THERE IS NO DECEIT UNKNOWN TO THE MIND

TIRUKKURAL 293

IF A MAN SHOULD UTTER A LIE CONSCIOUSLY , HIS OWN MIND WOULD TORTURE HIM FOR THE LIE HE UTTERED.

XXX

55.VOWS, IF NOT DULY PERFORMED, WILL BE OF NO USE.
55. நேரா நோன்பு சீராகாது.

TIRUKKURAL 267

THE HOTTER THE FIRE, THE PURER THE GOLD BECOMES. LIKEWISE THE HARDER THE AUSTERITY, THE MORE REFINED THE HUMAN SOUL BECOMES.

XXX

56.SPEAK NOT MEAN WORDS EVEN IN FRONT OF YOUR INFERIORS
56. நைபவர் எனினும் நொய்ய உரையேல்.

TIRUKKURAL 196

A LOVER OF PROFITLESS WORDS IS BUT CHAFF AMONG MEN.

TIRUKKURAL 193

USELESS WORDS ARE BUT THE FROTH OF AN EMPTY VESSEL

XXX

57.THE WEAK MAY BECOME STRONG
57. நொய்யவர் என்பவர் வெய்யவர் ஆவர்.

IF THERE IS A TIME FOR ELEPHANT, THERE IS A GOOF TIME FOR CAT AS WELL- TAMIL PROVERB

EVERY SAINT HAD A PAST AND EVERY SINNER HAS A FUTURE- ENGLISH PROVERB

TIRUKKURAL 495

IN DEEP WATER THE CROCODILE OVERPOWERS ALL; BUT OUT OF WATER OTHERS OVERPOWER IT

TIRUKKURAL 496

THE SEA SAILING SHIP CANNOT MOVE ON LAND. THE STRONG WHEELED HIGH CHARIOT CANNOT RUN ON WATER.

XXX

58.TO FAST IS TO ABSTAIN FROM ANIMAL FOOD
58. நோன்பு என்பதுவே (? என்பது) கொன்று தின்னாமை.

AVOID EATING FLESH BY KILLING.

TIRUKKURAL 253

THE MIND OF THOSE WHO FEED ON THE FLESH OF ANIMALS ,LIKE THE CRUEL MENTALITY OF THOSE WHO CARRY DEADLY WEAPONS IS DEVOID OF ALL COMPASSION.

TIRUKKURAL 260

ALL LIVING BEINGS WILL RAISE THEIR HANDS IN WORSHIP TO HIM WHO HAS NEVER TAKEN A LIVING BEING’S LIFE AND HAS ABSTAINED FROM EATING MEAT.

XXXX

பகர வருக்கம் – APHORISMS BEGINNING WITH ‘PA’

59.THE MERIT OF ONE IS KNOWN BY THE GROWTH OF HIS GRAIN

  1. பண்ணிய பயிரில் புண்ணியம் தெரியும்.

TIRUKKURAL 545

RAINS AND ARVESTS ARE RICH IN THE LAND RULED BY THE RIGHTEOUS SCEPTRE OF AN ABLE LEADER.

 

XXX

60.THOUGH EAT WIT MILK, EAT AT THE PROPER TIME
60. பாலோடு ஆயினும் காலம் அறிந்து உண்.

TIRUKKURAL 943

DIGEST YOUR FOOD AND EAT WITH MODERATION. THAT IS THE WAY TO PROLONG LIFE

TIRUKKURAL 945

HE IS FREE FROM DISEASE WHO EATS WITH MODERATION WHAT IS AGREEABLE TO HIM.

TIRUKKURAL 947

NUMBERLESS DISEASES PREY ON A GLUTTON WHO EATS BEYOND MEASURE, IGNORANT OF THE LAWS OF HEALTH.

XXX

61.TO ABSTAIN FROM ADULTERY, IS WORTHY OF BEING CALLED VIRTUE
61. பிறன் மனை புகாமை அறம் எனத் தகும்.

TIRUKKURAL 146

THE MAN WHO COMMITS ADULTERY CAN NEVER ESCAPE ENMITY, SIN, FEAR AND INFAMY.

TIRUKKURAL 147

THE IDEAL HOUSE HOLDER IS HE WHO WILL NOT BE ATTRACTED BY THE FEMININE GRACE OF ANOTHER’S WIFE.

XXX

62.HE WHO WAS NOT IN HIS INFANCY IN WANT OF HIS MOTHER’S MILK CAN BEAR A HEAVY LOAD.
62. பீரம் பேணி பாரம் தாங்கும்.

PIIRAM HAS TOW MEANINGS-  BREAST MILK AND STRENGTH

ANOTHER INTERPRETATION IS- TAKE A LOAD TO SUIT YOUR STRENGTH.

TIRUKKURAL 475

THE AXLE OF AN OVER LOADED CART BREAKS BY ADDING EVEN A GENTLE PEACOCK’S FEATHER.

 

XXX

63.AVOID LYING, MURDER AND THEFT
63. புலையும் கொலையும் களவும் தவிர்.

THREE GATES OF HELL IN BHAGAVAD GITA 16-21

THE GATEWAY OF HELL IS THREE FOLD- LUST, ANGER AND GREED; THEREFORE ONE SHOULD ABANDON THEM

TIRUKKURAL 282

EVIL THOUGHT IS SINFUL. THEREFORE ONE SHOULD NOT EVEN THINK OF DEFRAUDING ANOTHER OF HIS POSSESSION

TIRUKKURAL 321

KILLING LEADS TO AL OTHER SINFUL ACTS. THEREFORE NON VIOLENCE IS THE HIGHEST VIRTUE

 

XXXX

64.LOW PEOPLE DO NOT POSSESS GOOD MANNERS
64. பூரியோர்க்கு இல்லை சீரிய ஒழுக்கம்.

TIRUKKURAL 831

WHAT IS THE THING CLLED FOLLY? IT IS TO CLING TO WHAT IS HARMFUL AND TO GIVE UP WHAT IS GOOD

XXXX

65.ASCETICS NEITHER REGARD THEIR FRIENDS NOR HATE THEIR ENEMIES
65. பெற்றோர்க்கு இல்லை சுற்றமும் சினமும்.

TIRUKKURAL 118

LIKE SCALES THAT ALWAYS REMAIN JUST AND FAIR,WISE MEN REMAIN IMPARTIAL AND DO NOT TAKE SIDES

BHAGAVAD GITA 5-18

SAGES SEEWITH AN EQUAL EYE, A LEARNED AND HUMBLE BRAHMIN, A COW, AN ELEPHANT, AND EVEN A DOG OR AN OUT CASTE.

 

XXX

 

66.SIMPLICITY IS AN ORNAMENT TO WOMEN
66. பேதைமை என்பது மாதர்க்கு அணிகலம்.

TIRUKKURAL 1013

WHERE DOES LIFE THROB BUT IN HER FLESHLY ABODE? WHERE DOES PERFECTION SHINE BUT IN MODESTY?

XXX

67.WALK GENTLY, THE WORLD WILL SUPPORT YOU.
67. பையச் சென்றால் வையம் தாங்கும்.

SLOW AND STEADY WINS THE RACE

XXX

68.AVOILD ALL THAT IS CALLED EVIL
68. பொல்லாங்கு என்பவை எல்லாம் தவிர்.

TIRUKKURAL 319

THE HARM WE DO UNTO OTHERS WILL BRING,IN QUICK SUCCESSION, HARM UNTO OURSELVES.

 

XXX

69.FOOD THAT WHICH IS GAINED BY LABOUR
69. போனகம் என்பது தான் உழந்து உண்டல்.

FOOD IS THAT WHICH IS EATEN GLADLY

XXX  SUBHAM XXX

TO BE CONTINUED…………………………..

 

 

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by Tamil and Vedas on October 8, 2018  •  Permalink
Posted in Quotations, Tamil, Tamil Literature
Tagged

Posted by Tamil and Vedas on October 8, 2018

https://tamilandvedas.com/2018/10/08/tamil-wisdom-avvaiyars-kondrai-venthan-in-english-and-tamil-part-3-post-no-5518/

TAMIL WISDOM- AVVAIYAR’S KONDRAI VENTHAN IN ENGLISH AND TAMIL – PART 2 (Post No.5516)

Compiled by London Swaminathan

 
swami_48@yahoo.com
Date: 7 October 2018

 

Time uploaded in London –14-58 (British Summer Time)

 

Post No. 5516

 

Pictures shown here are taken from various sources including google, Wikipedia, Facebook friends and newspapers. This is a non- commercial blog.

 

TAMIL WISDOM- AVVAIYAR’S KONDRAI VENTHAN IN ENGLISH AND TAMIL – PART 2 (Post No.5516)

சகர வருக்கம் APHORISMS BEGINNING WITH LETTER ‘SA’

26.IT IS AN ORNAMENT THAT THERE BE NO CASE OF BARRENNESS IN THE FAMILY

  1. சந்ததிக்கு அழகு வந்தி செய்யாமை.

TIRUKKURAL 61

AMONG THE BLESSINGS ONE SHOULD HAVE THERE IS NOE SO GREAT AS HAVING SENSIBLE CHILDREN
XXX

27.THE REPORT THAT WE ARE NOBLE IS AN HONOUR TO OUR PARENTS

  1. சான்றோர் என்கை ஈன்றோர்க்கு அழகு.

XXX

28.CONTROLLING ANGER IS THE BEAUTY OF PENANCE
28. சினத்தைப் பேணின் தவத்திற்கு அழகு.

TIRUKKURAL 309

IF A MAN COULD CHECK THE FEELING OF ANGER IN HIS MIND, HE WOULD GET ALL THAT HE WISHES TO HAVE.

XXX

29.IF YOU SEEK TO LIVE COMFORTABLY, SEEK THE PLOUGH (IF YOU WANT WEALTH ATTEND TO AGRICULTURE)

  1. சீரைத் தேடின் ஏரைத் தேடு.

TIRUKKURAL 1032

AGRICULTURISTS ARE THE AXLE OF THE WORLD; FOR ON THEM REST THEY WHO DO NOT TILL

XXX

30.IT IS DESIRABLE THAT RELATIVES SHOULD LIVE NEAR EACH OTHER
30. சுற்றத்திற்கு அழகு சூழ இருத்தல்.

 

TIRUKKURAL 527

LOOK AT HE CROW WHICH SHARES ITS FOOD. ONLY WITH MEN OF SUCH VIRTUE DOES FORTUNE ABIDE

 

XXX

31.GAMBLING AND DISPUTING CAUSE TROUBLE
31. சூதும் வாதும் வேதனை செய்யும்.

TIRUKKURAL 931

DO NOT TAKE TO GAMBLING EVEN IF YOU WIN. WHAT CAN THE FISH GAIN BY SWALLOWING THE BAITED HOOK?

 

XXX

32.IF YOU CEASE TO PRACTISE RELIGIOUS AUSTERITIES YOU WILL BE UNDER THE POWER OF ILLUSION
32. செய்தவம் மறந்தால் கைதவம் ஆளும்.

XXX

33.THOUGH YOU ARE IN A PRISON, SLEEP ONLY THREE HOURS

ANOTHER INTERPRETATION- WHEREVER YOU ARE SLEEP AT MIDNIGHT.

EVEN IF YOU ARE UNDER WATCH, SLEEP BY MIDNIGHT OT AT LEAST FOR THREE HOURS.

SEMAM- JAIL, PRISON

YAMAM- MIDNIGHT OR 3 HOURS
33. சேமம் புகினும் யாமத்து உறங்கு.

XXX

34.IF YOU HAVE WEALTH GIVE ALMS AND THEN EAT
34. சை ஒத்து இருந்தால் ஐயம் இட்டு உண்.

TIRUKKURAL 84

GODDESS OF WEALTH, LAKSHMI, WILL BE PLEASED TO DWELL IN THE HOUSE OF THE MAN WHO ENTERTAINS HIS GUESTS CHEERFULLY

XXX

35.THE PURE MIND WILL ATTAIN THE RIGHT WAY
35. சொக்கர் என்பவர் அத்தம் பெறுவர்.

TIRUKKURAL 294

IF A MAN COULD CONDUCT HIMSELF TRUE TO HIS OWN SELF HE WOULD BE IN THE HEART OF ALL IN THE WORLD

XXX

36.LAZY PEOPLE WILL WANDER IN DISTRESS
36. சோம்பர் என்பவர் தேம்பித் திரிவர்.

TIRUKKURAL 605

THESE FOUR ARE PLEASURE BOATS OF LOSS AND RUIN: PROCRASTINATION,FORGETFULNESS, IDLENESS AND DOZING

XXX

தகர வருக்கம் APHORISMS BEGINNING WITH ‘TA’

37.NO ADVICE IS GREATER THAN FATHER’S ADVICE

ANOTHER TRANSLATION- FATHER’S ADVICE IS GREATER THAN ANY OTHER MANTRA (HINDU HYMN/ SPELL)
37. தந்தை சொல் மிக்க மந்திரம் இல்லை.

TIRUKKURAL 67

THE DUTY OF A FATHER IS TO MAKE HIS SON THE BEST IN THE ASSEMBLY OF SCHOLARS

XXX

38.NO WORD IS LIKE THAT OF A MOTHER

ANOTHER TRANSLATION- THERE IS NO TEMPLE GREATER THAN MOTHER (MATHER IS MORE WORSHIPFUL THAN GOD)
38. தாயிற் சிறந்ததொரு கோயிலும் இல்லை.

MATA PITA GURU DEIVAM- VEDIC SCRIPTURE

TIRUKKURAL 69

A MOTHER’S JOY IS MORE WHEN THE WORLD CALLS HER SON WISE THAN AT THE TIME OF HIS BIRTH

 

XXX

39.SEEK WEALTH THOUGH YOU HAVE TO GO OVER THE TOSSING SEA.

ANOTHER TRANSLATION- DONT HESITATE TO GO ABROAD, IF YOU CAN GET MONEY
39. திரைகடல் ஓடியும் திரவியம் தேடு.

TIRUKKURAL 616

EFFORT WILL PRODUCE WEALTH; IDLENESS WILL BRING POVERTY

XXX

40.IMPLACABLE ANGER WILL END IN FIGHT
40. தீராக் கோபம் போராய் முடியும்.

TIRUKKURAL 303

GREAT HARM MAY BE CAUSED BY ANGER. THEREFORE ONE SHOULD RESTRAIN ANGER TOWARDS ANYBODY.

XXX

41.THE WIFE WHO FEELS NO SYMPATHY FOR HER HUSBAND IS LIKE FIRE HIDDEN IN HIS CLOTHES
41. துடியாப் பெண்டிர் மடியில் நெருப்பு.

XXX

42.THE WIFE SLANDER IN HER HUSBAND IS LIKE YAMA (GOD OF DEATH)
42. தூற்றும் பெண்டிர் கூற்று எனத் தகும்.

TIRUKKURAL 59

HE WHO DOES NOT POSSES AN IDEAL WIFE, WHO VALUES THE REPUTATION OF CHARITY, CANNOT HOLD HIS HEAD UP AMONG HIS FRIENDS.

XXX

43.WHEN THE GOD IS ANGRY THE PENANCE IS FRUITLESS

(IF YOU MAKE GOD ANGRY BY YOUR BAD BEHAVIOUR,  EVEN GOD CANT HELP YOU)
43. தெய்வம் சீறின் கைத்தவம் மாளும்.

XXX

44.SQUANDERING WITHOUT GAINING WILL END IN RUIN
44. தேடாது அழிக்கின் பாடாய் முடியும்.

 

XXX

45.IN THE MONTHS OF JANUARY AND FEBRUARY SLEEP IN A HUT MADE OF STRAW.

ANOTHER TRANSLATION- IN THE HOT MONTHS, SLEEP ON THE FLOOR.

VAIYAM- STRAW, HAY

VAIYAKAM- EARTH, GROUND,FLOOR

  1. தையும் மாசியும் வைய(க)த்து உறங்கு.

XXX

46.SWEETER IS FOOD OBTAINED BY PLOUGHING THAN BY SERVING
46. தொழுதூண் சுவையின் உழுதூண் இனிது.

TIRUKKURAL 1033

THEY ALONE LIVE WHO LIVE BY FARMING; THE EST HAVE TO FAWN ON THEM FOR FOOD AND ARE THEIR SLAVES

XXX

47.DISCLOSE NOT YOUR WEAKNESS EVEN TO YOUR FRIEND.
47. தோழனோடும் ஏழைமை பேசேல்.

 

XXX SUBHAM XXX

 

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by Tamil and Vedas on October 7, 2018  •  Permalink
Posted in குறள் உவமை, தமிழ் பண்பாடு, திருவள்ளுவன் குறள், மேற்கோள்கள், Tamil, Tamil Literature
Tagged

Posted by Tamil and Vedas on October 7, 2018

https://tamilandvedas.com/2018/10/07/tamil-wisdom-avvaiyars-kondrai-venthan-in-english-and-tamil-part-2-post-no-5516/

பர்த்ருஹரியின் கடவுள் வாழ்த்து! (Post No.5432)

Painting of Bhartruhari meeting his wife

Written by London Swaminathan

swami_48@yahoo.com

Date: 15 September 2018

 

Time uploaded in London – 17-32 (British Summer Time)

 

Post No. 5432

Pictures shown here are taken from various sources including google, Wikipedia, Facebook friends and newspapers. This is a non- commercial blog.

 

 

பர்த்ருஹரி நீதிசதகம்-1

பர்த்ருஹரியின் 300 பாக்கள் அடங்கிய நீதி சதகம்,  வைராக்ய சதகம், சிருங்கார சதகம் ஆகிய மூன்றும் சுமார் 150 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்னரே ஆங்கிலம் உள்பட பல ஐரோப்பிய மொழிகளில் மொழி பெயர்க்கப்பட்டுவிட்டது. இதைத் தமிழில் வந்த விவேகா சிந்தாமணி முதலிய பல நூல்களில் தனித் தனிப் பாடலாக மொழி பெயர்த்துள்ளார்கள். அதற்குப் பின்னர் இவைகளைத் தமிழ் பாக்கள் வடிவிலும் மொழி பெயர்த்து விட்டனர்.

 

பர்த்ருஹரியின் காதல் கதை மிகவும் சுவையானது; சோகமானது. முன்னரே எழுதிவிட்டேன். கீழே அதற்கான தொடர்புக் குறிப்பு உளது.

நான் புதிதாக எழுத என்ன இருக்கிறது?

 

இதைப் பல தமிழ் அறிஞர் பாடல்களுடன் ஒப்பிடுவதே எனது நோக்கம்.

 

दिक्कालाद्यनवच्छिन्नानन्तचिन्मात्रमूर्तये ।
स्वानुभूत्येकमानाय नमः शान्ताय तेजसे ॥ 1.1 ॥

 

 

இதோ முதல் பாடல்

திக்காலாதயனவச்சின்னானந்த சின்மாத்ர மூர்த்தயே

ஸ்வானுபூத்யேகமானாய  நமஹ சாந்தாய தேஜசஹ 1-1

 

 

கடவுள் வாழ்த்து பற்றி தொல்காப்பியர் குறிப்பிட்டாலும் தொல்காப்பியத்தில் கடவுள் வாழ்து கிடையாது! ஆனால் திருக்குறளில் உளது. சங்க இலக்கியத்தை சுமார் நாலு அல்லது ஐந்தாவது நூற்றாண்டில் நமக்கு தொகுத்து அளித்த மஹாதேவன் (பாரதம் பாடிய பெருந்தேவனார்) சிவ பெருமானைப் புகழ்ந்து பாடி, புறநானூறு முதலிய நூல்களில் முதல் பாடலாகச் சேர்த்துள்ளார். சிலப்பதிகாரம் போன்ற நூல்களில் வேதத்தில் உள்ளது போல இயற்கைச் சக்திகளே கடவுள் வாழ்த்தாக அமைந்துள்ளது. இளங்கோ அடிகள் சூரியன், சந்திரன், மழை ஆகியவற்றைப் பாடிப் பரவுகிறார். சம்ஸ்க்ருதத்தில் காளிதாசனின் காவியத்தில் இறைவனைத் துதிபாடியே துவங்குகிறார்.

 

நற்றிணையின் கடவுள் வாழ்த்து விஷ்ணு ஸஹஸ்ரநாம ஸ்லோகம் ஒன்றின் மொழி பெயர்ப்பாக அமைந்துள்ளது சுவையான செய்தி.

 

இதோ திருவள்ளுவரின் கடவுள் வாழ்த்தை பர்த்ருஹரியுடன் ஒப்பிடுவோம்:

 

பர்த்த்ருஹரி சொல்கிறார்:

காலத்திற்கும் பரந்து விரிந்த இடத்துக்கும் அப்பாலுள்ள ஒளி மயமான அமைதியான, சாந்தமான இறைவனை வணங்குகிறேன். அந்த இறைவனை ஒருவனுடைய சுய அனுபவத்தாலேயே  அடைய முடியும்; அளக்க/ அறிய முடியும்.

 

மிகவும் கருத்துள்ள பாடல்; இந்துக்கள் மட்டுமே கடவுளை காலத்துக்கும் இடத்துக்கும் அப்பால் வைப்பர். ஐன்ஸ்டைன் போன்ற பேரறிஞர்கள் காலம், இடம் பற்றிய கொள்களை முன் வைத்தனர். ஆனால் அதற்கும் முன்பாக இந்தக் காலம் பற்றிப் பேசியவர்கள் இந்துக்களே. ஐன்ஸ்டைன், ஒளியை மிஞ்சிய பொருள் ஏதும் இல்லை என்பார். ஆனால் இந்துக்களோ மனதின் வேகம் ஒளியைவிட அதிகம் என்பர். அதைப் பயன்படுத்தி நாரதர் முதலானோர் அண்டம் விட்டு அண்டம் பயணம் (Inter Galactic Travel) செய்தனர்.

Image of Surya Deva in Delhi Airport

விஷ்ணு ஸஹஸ்ரநாமத்தின் முதல் பாட்டிலேயே பூத, பவ்ய, பவத் காலம் — நீயே இற்நத காலம், நிகழ் காலம், வருங்காலம் — என்று துதிக்கின்றனர். கடவுளையும் காலத்தையும் தொடர்புபடுத்தி ‘அவன்’ அதற்கு அப்பாற்பட்டவன் என்று மொழிவது இந்துக்களின் மிக முன்னேறிய விஞ்ஞான அணுகு முறையைக் காட்டுகிறது.

ஏனையோர் எல்லாம் ஒரு பாடலோ, இரண்டு பாடலோ பாடி கடவுள் வாழ்த்தை முடித்துக்கொண்டனர். ஆனால் வள்ளுவனோ பத்துப் பாடல்கள் பாடி கடவுளைத் துதித்துள்ளான். இது உலக மஹா விந்தை. உலகிலேயே தமிழன்தான் கடவுளைத் துதிப்பவர்களில் முதல்வன் என்பதை இது காட்டுகிறது. அது மட்டுமல்ல உருவ வழிபாடே சிறந்தது என்பதையும் வள்ளுவன் விண்டுரைக்கிறான். கடவுளின் திருப்பாதங்கள் பற்றி ஏழு குறள்களில் செப்பிவிட்டான். இதனால்தான் திருக்குறளை தமிழ் வேதம் (மறை) என்று ஒரு புலவர் திருவள்ளுவர் முன்னிலையிலேயே பாடிவிட்டார் (காண்க- திருவள்ளுவ மாலை)

 

 

பர்த்ருஹரி, அவரவர் அறிவு, அனுபத்துக்கு ஏற்ப இறைவனை உணரலாம் என்றார். வள்ளுவன் இதைப் பல சொற்களால் விளக்குகிறான். . கடவுள் என்பவன் தனக்குவமை இல்லாதான், அறவாழி அந்தணன், வால் அறிவன், நெஞ்சத் தாமரையில் வீற்றிருப்பவன், சம்சார சாகரத்தை கடக்க உதவுபவன், உலகிற்கே முதல்வன், வேண்டுதல் வேண்டாமை இலாதான், ஐம்புல உணர்வுகளுக்கு அப்பாற்பட்டவன், எண்குணத்தான் (சிவ பெருமானின் அடைமொழி) என்றெல்லாம் வருணிக்கிறான். கடவுள் வாழ்த்துக்கு அப்புறமும் இந்திரன் பிரம்மன், லெட்சுமி, நஞ்சுண்ட கண்டன் (சிவன்), பல்மாயக் கள்வன் (கிருஷ்ணன்) யமன் போன்று பல தெய்வங்களைப் பல குறள்களில் பாடுகிறான்.

 

நான்கு வேதங்களிலும் வரும் மிகவும் சக்தி வாய்ந்த மந்திரம் காயத்ரீ மந்திரம். அந்தணர்கள் நாள் தோறும் சூரிய ஒளியைப் பார்த்து தேஜோ மயமான இறைவனை நினைக்கும் மந்திரம். பர்த்ருஹரியும் இறைவனை தேஜோ மயமானவன்- ஒளி மயமானவன் என்று போற்றுவது குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது.

Old Articles in my blog:–

 

  1. கடவுள்வாழ்த்து | Tamil and Vedas

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  1. திரிமூர்த்தி | Tamil and Vedas

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–subham–

 

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by Tamil and Vedas on September 15, 2018  •  Permalink
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COMPARISON BETWEEN TAMIL POET AND ROMAN POET HORACE (Post No.5427)

Written by London Swaminathan

swami_48@yahoo.com

Date: 13 September 2018

 

Time uploaded in London – 21-22 (British Summer Time)

 

Post No. 5427

Pictures shown here are taken from various sources including google, Wikipedia, Facebook friends and newspapers. This is a non- commercial blog.

 

Two thousand years ago Muranchiyur Mudingarayar sang about Tamil Chera King Uthiyan Cheralathan. Around that time Roman poet Horace who composed poems in Latin also sang about kings. P Arunachalam compared both the poets and published an article in 1898. Before you read the comparison, I wanted to make some points on the same poem (verse 2 in Purananuru).

 

Muranchiyur Mudinagarayar’s poem is part of the oldest part of Purananuru, one of the 18 books of Sangam Tamil literature.

There are some interesting historical information as well as similes. This poem explodes all the Aryan- Dravidian myths. There was no such division.

1.The poet’s name is in Sanskrit Mudi Nagarajan. ‘The one who has snake on the head’- is the literal translation. It may be Lord Shiva or just Naga king. Since we have many Purananuru poets with pure Sanskrit names such as Damodaran,Valmiki, Brahama, Lochana, Parana, Kannadasan (Dayan Kannanar) and Maha chitran, it was not uncommon in those days.

2.Poet Nagarajan refers to Four Vedas and Brahmin’s Three Fires (Garhapatya, Ahavaniyam and Dakshinagniyam) which shows Vedic culture was strongly rooted in Tamil Nadu ( we have other refences to Yupa pillar everywhere, Rajasuyam, eagle shaped fire altar of Karikalan)

  1. The poem reflects Kalidasa’s description of the Himalayas in Kumarasambhavam and other works. The deer are taking rest in the Ahramas of seers where they enjoy the warmth of Sacred fire.

4.Another very interesting point is the reference to Pancha  bhutas. We see it in the Vedas. And the ancient Sanskrit literature always compare the Pancha Bhutas with five qualities of a King. It shows that the thought process was the same from Kanyakumari to Kashmir.

5.There is a debatable reference to Mahabharata war. Chera King praised as one who provided food for the combatants during the great war. The Tamil word used in the poem is ‘Perun Choru’ (Big food or feast). The word is not found nowhere else. Since Mudi Nagarajan was part of Second Tamil Sangam, commentator thought that the king lived during very old time. Linguistics or historic chronology wouldn’t allow any such interpretation. Language is very simple and it cannot be as old as 3102 BCE. If Uthiyan Cheran lived around that time we need a long list of Chera kings to fill the time gap. We didn’t  have such a king list. Chera king Uthiyan cheral was also sung by Mamulanar, another popular poet.

 

Then what is Big Rice or Big Food or Big Feast

Actually, on the death anniversary of big leaders,  people are fed to keep their memory or sacrifice alive It is just an Anna Dana like Saivite Guru pujas. Since the word is not used anywhere else in Tamil, no one could say whether it is right or wrong. But the language of the poem and the history of Tamil kings provide us enough clues.

 

6.The order of or the origin of Five elements (Pancha Bhutas) is in ‘Andhati’ style. Not only the style, the matter agrees with the Sanskrit scriptures.

 

  1. The golden Himalayas (Kanchan Srnga which is called Kanchen Janga now) is mentioned in Kalidasa’s work. Elsewhere I have given it as a proof for Kalidasa’s age. He lived before Sangam Tamil period.

8.There are references to bad omens: a)milk becoming sour b) day time becoming dark (solar eclipse; eclipses are considered bad omens)

 

9.Last but not the least there is an indirect reference to Agastya in the poem. Why did the poet compare Himalayas and Pothiya Hills? Pothiya Hills is the southern residence of the great seer Agastya who was sent by Lord Shiva to codify a grammar to Tamil language. Researchers say that it happened around 1000 BCE or 700 BCE. So the comparison between Pothiya and Himalayas is a veiled reference to Agastya Muni. Kalidasa refers to Pothiyam and the Himalayas in his Ragu vamsam.

 

Following is taken from a magazine published in 1898:-

 

 

–subham–

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by Tamil and Vedas on September 13, 2018  •  Permalink
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TAMIL BOY WHO COMPOSED POEMS WHILE PLAYING MARBLES! (Post No.5423)

WRITTEN by London Swaminathan

 

swami_48@yahoo.com

Date: 12 September 2018

 

Time uploaded in London – 19-16 (British Summer Time)

 

Post No. 5423

Pictures shown here are taken from various sources including google, Wikipedia, Facebook friends and newspapers. This is a non- commercial blog.

 

The are many unsung heroes among Indian poets and one of them was Murugadasa Swamigal of Tamil Nadu. He composed about 100,000 poems. Among them is a remarkable work called ‘Pulavar Purana’ meaning a Purana of Poets. He composed 2828 stanzas on 72 Hindu Poets of Tamil Nadu. He was born in Tirunelveli in 1838 and lived for 60 years. His family gave all the manuscripts to Tamil Pundit of Madras (Chennai) who published all his poems on 72 Tamil poets starting from the legendary Vedic seer Agastya.

 

Krishnmachari in his first part published in 1901, introduced Murugadasa swamikal with two interesting anecdotes :-

“ Though trustworthy information respecting the gifted poet is wanting, yet the date of his birth in Tirunelveli about 1838 harmonises with what is known of his career and death in the Tamil Vilambi year (1898). The young poet seems to have been a popular favourite and a leader of sports where he resided, but study and writing of poetry were nevertheless more attractive to him than play. He is a remarkable instance of intellectual precocity for he always carried with him his iron pen or stylus and palm leaf ready for use. It is said that he composed, at intervals of play at marbles, before he was ten years old, a short poem ‘Pannirumaalai’ in praise of the 12 powerful arms of the war god Subrahmanya.

 

When Murugadasa was old enough to leavehome,he visited all famous shrines in India and Sri Lanka and met many religious leaders in  monasteries.

 

Krishnamachari adds,

“ He was cultured and thoughtful and his delicate tact, piety and prudence well fitted him for the task of a biogrpaher. He covered imporatant Saivite and Vaishnavite poets andshowed no hositility towards any sect.He gave the history of Hindu poets leaving out Buddhist and Jain Tamil scholars.

 

He is known to have visited Madras before he was twenty years old and to have astonished a earned audience in Kandaswami Temple by his elquent exposition and ready powers of versification.

 

He is said to have composed no less than a lakh of verses consisting mainly of hymns and sacred legends of gods. I have given the list of Tamil Books in my Tamil version of this article). His greatest and most original work is ‘Pulavar Puranam’ (Legend of the Poets). It may be placed as a monumental work by itself, charming in all freshness and vivecity.

 

In short Murugadsa seems to have offended none and instructed many till his demise in sixtieth year in his clay built cloister in a little village of Tiruvamaattur in South Arcot.

Metrical Biographies of Tamil Poets

V Krishnamachariar published all the 2828 veses in three volumes from 1901 to 1906. Here is the list of all the 72 poets covered in his work:-

 

 

 

 

–subham–

 

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by Tamil and Vedas on September 12, 2018  •  Permalink
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Shelley’s Sky Lark in Tamil (Post No.5355)

Compiled by London swaminathan

Date: 23 August 2018

 

Time uploaded in London – 7-09 am  (British Summer Time)

 

Post No. 5355

 

Pictures shown here are taken from various sources including google, Wikipedia, Facebook friends and newspapers. This is a non- commercial blog.

 

Translated by M Gopalakrishnan of Madurai 100 years ago!

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY PROFILE

SHELLYEY, English Poet, Novelist and Essayist

Born August 4, 1792

Died July 8, 1822

Age at death 29

P B Shelley was one of England’s greatest Romantic poets. He was born into a wealthy noble family. He was educated at Eton college, where his radical views on politics and religion earned him a nick name ‘Mad Shelley’. While still at Eton and aged just 18, he published his first book, a gothic horror novel called Zastrozzi. In 1811 he was expelled from Oxford University for writing an anti-Christian pamphlet.

 

The same year 19 year old Shelley shocked his family even more by secretly marrying 16 year old Harriet Westbrook. This was the start of Shelly’s adventurous life of elopements and restless travels. Three year later Shelley eloped with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, who became Mary Shelley and who wrote the famous novel Frankenstein. Harriet killed herself in 1816, and Shelley married his new love. Mary and Shelley moved around constantly; they travelled around Europe and lived in many different towns in England. Shelley wrote his poetry in short bursts of intense creativity. His poems such as Alastor and Ozymandias, overflow with intense emotion and radical ideas that were not always appreciated by readers of his time.

 

In 1818 Shelley and Mary left England to live in Italy. He completed some of his greatest poetry there, including his masterpiece Prometheus Unbound. A few years later, on a short sea voyage along the Italian coast, Shelly’s small sail boat was caught in a storm and he was drowned. He was just 29 years old, but he had written poetry hat established him as one of the greatest English poets.

Publications

1810 Zastrozzi

1813 Queen Mab

1816 Alastor

1818 The Revolt of Islam

1818 Ozymandias

1819 The Cenci

1820 Prometheus Unbound

1821 Adonais

Published after he died

1824 The Triumph of Life

 

Shelley was Tamil Poet Bharatiyar’s favourite poet.

 

பாரதியாரைக் கவர்ந்த ஆங்கிலப் புலவன் ஷெல்லியின் வானம்பாடிக் கும்மி. தமிழில் தருபவர் மதுரை எம். கோபால கிருஷ்ண அய்யர்

 

 

 

 

 

 

–subham–

 

 

 

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by Tamil and Vedas on August 23, 2018  •  Permalink
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Posted by Tamil and Vedas on August 23, 2018

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Rev. G U Pope Blasts Bishop Caldwell’s Theories (Post No.5320)

 

Picture of G U Pope

Compiled  by London swaminathan

Date: 14 August 2018

 

Time uploaded in London –18-08 (British Summer Time)

 

Post No. 5320

 

Pictures shown here are taken from various sources such as Facebook friends, Wikipedia, Books, Google and newspapers; thanks. Pictures may be subject to copyright laws.

 

“During Bishop Caldwell’s time, Sanskrit enthusiasts argued that Sanskrit was the mother of Tamil language. They showed extraordinary proportion of words of Sanskritic origin in Dravidian vocabulary as a proof. But they did not take into account the dissimilarity of the Dravidian grammatical forms to the Sanskritic forms. Bishop Caldwell had no difficulty in demolishing that theory  but he installed in its stead the equally untenable Scythic theory which it took many years of discussion to dislodge from its position. Subsequent workers in the field discovered serious errors in his work. Dr G U Pope is one of the critics.

 

Dr G U Pope was a distinguished missionary, well versed in Tamil language and literature and he did not accept Caldwell’s theories; and in a series of articles in in the Indian Antiquary he suggested enquiry as to whether in these theories “certain things have not been taken for granted rather too suddenly in regard to the Dravidian dialects. He was the first to point out that the law of harmonic sequence of vowels did not obtain in most of these dialects. He was further of opinion,

 

1.”that between the languages of Southern India and those of the Aryan family there are many deeply seated affinities;

2.that the differences between the Dravidian tongues and the Aryan are not so great as between the Celtic (for instance) and the Sanskrit; and

3.that, by consequence, the doctrine that the place of Dravidian dialects is rather with the Aryan than with the Turanian family of languages is still capable of defence. He illustrated these positions by means of copious illustrations and pointed out that the resemblances (appeared) most frequently in the more cultivated Dravidian dialects and that the identity was most striking in the names of instruments, places and acts connected with a simple life.

 

He also promised to consider derivative words in a future paper and to show that the prefixes and affixes were Aryan; but no such papers have been published.

Scythian and Dravidian

The Scythian affinities referred to are the affinities asserted to exist in the Dravidian languages by Bishop Caldwell, who following the Danish philologist Rask, use the term Scythian in the sense of what we have been generally called Turanian – non Aryan and Non Semitic languages. But the editors of Linguistic Survey of India and most of the scholars have rejected this affinity.

 

Professor J Kennedy wrote that rice, peacock etc. were known to Greeks in the fifth century BCE by their Dravidian (Tamil) names. This was due to Caldwell’s writing who said that these are Tamil words.

 

Bishop Caldwell was indeed a great magician! He pronounced a spell and there sprung up a vision of Phoenician sea men voyaging with Solomon’s servants down the West coast of India to Ophir once in three years to bring gold, silver, algum, peacocks and apes. This vision still fascinates some Dravidian scholars, though it had been pointed out that Hebrew ‘algum’ was not wanted for its scent, but to be used as props and pillars for which sandalwood was wholly unfitted, that peacocks could be had in plenty in Gujarat, and that there was no gold or silver for export from India. The whole vision rests on Bishop Caldwell’s opinion that ‘oryza’ (rice) algum and tawas (Tuki=Tokai= tawas=peacock) are derived from Tamil words. It is time that the spell is broken”.

 

–R Swaminatha Aiyar, Dravidian Theory, Motilal Banarsidass, 1975

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Linguists’ bluffing blasted by Tamil Language (Post No.5252)

Compiled by London swaminathan

Date: 24 JULY 2018

 

Time uploaded in London – 7-19 am  (British Summer Time)

 

Post No. 5252

 

Pictures shown here are taken from various sources such as Facebook friends, Wikipedia, Books, Google and newspapers; thanks. Pictures may be subject to copyright laws.

 

Following is the question and answer from The Guardian Newspaper of London and my comments are added at the end

 

How do YOU know the correct way to pronounce a dead language?

“Old languages don’t die. They just fade into new languages (at least most of them do). While the entire sound system of ancient language rarely survives intact, fragments can usually be found scattered around its various daughter languages.

 

For example, many traits of Latin pronunciation are directly observable in Italian French Spanish and Romanian. The job of linguistic historian is to try to piece these various bits together. The most tried and tested technique is comparative reconstruction, which focuses on the systematic sound correspondences that emerge when we compare the same words in different sister languages. Where this exercise turns up different sounds, it is usually possible to trace them back to a common historical source.

For example, many English words beginning with ‘t’ correspond to words beginning with ‘ ts’ ( Spelt z) , in sister language German; compare English ten, to, time with German Zein, zu, zeitgeist.

 

On the basis of this and many similar correspondences, we can reconstruct a Common Germanic parent language in which the older sound in this particular instance is the knowledge that each type of sound change takes place in one direction only. On the strength of what happens in many other languages, we know that ‘t’ at the beginning of a word can turn into ‘ts’ but not vice versa. The more  widely we cast our comparative net, the further we can reach back into the mists of time. The ‘t’ of early Germanic itself derives from an even older ‘d’ — contrast English two and tooth with, say, Italian ‘due’ and ‘dente’. Ultimately we arrive at the sound system of an ancient Indo-European tongue, the common ancestor of languages as apparently diverse as English, French, Russian, Irish, Greek and Urdu.”

John Harris, Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University college, London

 

FROM NOTES AND QUERRIS, GURDIAN NEWSPAPER, VOLUME 5, 1994

 

MY COMMENTS

Compare changes in Tamil

IN TAMIL also we see ‘S’ of Sanskrit change into ‘T’ in Tamil

I will give some examples though there are hundreds of such words

Purushan– Purutan
Visesham– Visetam
Sishya — Seetan
Joshyam — Jothitam
VishaM —  Vitam
Koshtam — Kottam
Pushpam — Putpam

In my earlier research articles, I have  Exploded all the OLD theories about similarities or changes in Indo- European languages. In fact, those changes or similarities are found even in Pacific Ocean and Mayan languages. In short, all the bluffing of ‘D’ of Aryans changing into ‘L’ after contacting Dravidians, are wrong. Once they study the similarities between Tamil and Sanskrit or other languages they will know all those are nothing but SHEER bluffing.

 

 

Tamil and Sanskrit: Rewrite Linguistics Theory

tamilandvedas.com/2014/12/20/tamil-and-sanskrit…

Tamil and Sanskrit: Rewrite Linguistics Theory … But this D/L or R/L changes are natural. They are in Tamil … in Tamil itself. In Sanskrit language Sandhi .

Ja and Ya in Indian languages | Tamil and Vedas

tamilandvedas.com/tag/ja-and-ya-in-indian-languages

Posts about Ja and Ya in Indian languages written by Tamil and … with other languages will rewrite linguistic … this change lies in Tamil and Sanskrit …

 

 

Origin of Tamil and Sanskrit | Tamil and Vedas

tamilandvedas.com/…/origin-of-tamil-and-sanskrit

They believed that Siva’s drum Damaruka gave Sanskrit from one side and Tamil from another side. … //tamilandvedas.com/2014/11/13/origin-of-tamil-and-sanskrit/

 

  2. Vowels = Life, Consonants = Body; Hindu concept of Alphabet …

tamilandvedas.com/2015/06/27/vowels-life…

Research paper No 1958 Written by London swaminathan Date: 27 June 2015 Uploaded in London at 20-15 I have been arguing in my earlier posts that the Western …

 

Sanskrit Alphabet | Tamil and Vedas

tamilandvedas.com/tag/sanskrit-alphabet

Posts about Sanskrit Alphabet written by Tamil and Vedas

 

  1. Tamil or Sanskrit: Which is Older? | Tamil and Vedas

tamilandvedas.com/2014/07/16/tamil-or-sanskrit…

Tamil or Sanskrit: Which is Older? … my pet theory is Tamil and Sanskrit originated from a common source on the … comparative reconstruction pays no attention to …

  1. Tamil and Sanskrit | Tamil and Vedas

tamilandvedas.com/tag/tamil-and-sanskrit

Posts about Tamil and Sanskrit written by Tamil and Vedas. … (for old articles go to tamilandvedas.com OR … Tamil and Sanskrit, Tamil Grammar. Posted by Tamil …

 

–SUBHAM–

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உண்மைத் தமிழருக்கு ஒரு க்விஸ்- கேள்வி பதில் (Post no.4883)

Compiled by London Swaminathan 

 

Date: 5 April 2018

 

Time uploaded in London –  5-42 am (British Summer Time)

 

Post No. 4883

 

Pictures shown here are taken from various sources such as Facebook friends, Books, Google and newspapers; thanks. Pictures may be subject to copyright laws.

 

 

 

WARNING: PLEASE SHARE MY ARTICLES; BUT DON’T SHARE IT WITHOUT AUTHOR’S NAME AND THE BLOG NAME. BE HONEST; OTHERS WILL BE HONEST WITH YOU

 

 

கீழ்கண்ட பொருள் பொதிந்த — அர்த்த புஷ்ட்யுள்ள – அக்ஷர லக்ஷம் பெறும் — வாசகங்களை யார் சொன்னார்கள்? எந்த நூலில் உரைத்தார்கள்; செப்பு! செப்படா, தமிழா!

 

1.வேதங்கள் பாடுவள் காணீர் – உண்மை

வேல்கையிற் பற்றிக் குதிப்பாள்

ஓதருஞ் சாத்திரம் கோடி – உணர்ந்

தோதி யுலகெங்கும் விதைப்பாள்

xxx

2.இருமலும் சோகையும் ஈளையும் வெப்பும்

தருமம் செய்யாதவர் தம்பாலதாகும்

xxxx

3.மக்கள் மெய் தீண்டல் உடற்கின்பம்

xxx

4.ஊன நாடகமாடு வித்தவா

உருகிநானுனைப் பருகவைத்தவா

ஞானநாடகமாடு வித்தவா

நைய வையகத் துடைய விச்சையே

xxx

5.எங்கள் வாழ்வும் எங்கள் வளமும்

மங்காத தமிழென்று சங்கே முழங்கு!

xxxx

6.வாணியன் பாடிட, வண்ணான் சுமக்க, வடுகன் செட்டி

சேணியன் போற்றக், கடல் பள்ளிமுன் தொழ தீங்கரும்பைக்

கோணியன் வாழ்த்தக், கருமான் துகில்தனைக் கொண்டு அணிந்த

வேணியன்  ஆனவன் தட்டான் புறப்பட்ட வேடிக்கையே

xxx

7.இனி பாடுநரும் இல்லை; பாடுநர்க்கு ஒன்று ஈகுநரும் இல்லை

xxx

8.முத்தமிழ்த் துறையின் முறை போகிய

உத்தமக் கவிஞர்களுக்கு ஒன்று உணர்த்துவென்

xxx

9.பதினோர் ஆடலும், பாடலும் கொட்டும்

விதிமாண் கொள்கையின் விளங்க அறிந்து- ஆங்கு

xxxx

10.விளக்கிருக்க மின்மினித் தீக்காய்ந்தவாறே

xxx

 

விடைகள்

1.பாரதி, பாரதியார் பாடல்கள்; 2. திருமூலர் எழுதிய திருமந்திரம்; 3. திருவள்ளுவர் எழுதிய திருக்குறள்; 4. மாணிக்கவாசகர், திருவாசகம்; 5. பாரதிதாசன் பாடல்கள்; 6. காளமேகம்,  தனிப்பாடல்கள்; 7. சங்க கால அவ்வையார் ,புறநானூறு; 8. கம்பன், கம்ப ராமாயணம்; 9. இளங்கோ, சிலப்பதிகாரம்; 10. அப்பர் தேவாரம், நாலாம் திருமுறை

 

 

 

 

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IS SILAPPADIKARAM A BRAHMANA KAVYA? (Post No.4615)- Part 3

 

IS SILAPPADIKARAM A BRAHMANA KAVYA? (Post No.4612)- Part 3

 

 

Research Paper Written by London Swaminathan 

 

Date: 14 JANUARY 2018

 

Time uploaded in London  7-04 AM

 

 

 

Post No. 4615

Pictures shown here are taken from various sources such as Facebook friends, Books, Google and newspapers; thanks.

 

WARNING: DON’T SHARE IT WITHOUT AUTHOR’S NAME AND  BLOG NAME. BE HONEST; OTHERS WILL BE HONEST WITH YOU.

PART 1 AND PART 2 WERE PUBLISHED HERE IN THE PAST TWO DAYS.

 

 

14.Matavi and Manimekalai

Matavi having heard all the tragic news shaved her hair and entered the Buddha Vihara. These people died because they heard this news from me; therefore I come to bathe in the holy waters of Ganges ( in order to purify myself). Long live you, O king of kings!

When Matalan finished, Senkuttuvan asked what happened to the Pandya kingdom.

 

Thus Matalan was used to give all the news about all the important characters in the epic.

 

15.One Thousand Goldsmiths Executed!

Matalan continued, “O King, you destroyed  in a day the nine umbrellas of nine enemy kings who joined together in an alliance against your brother in law Killivalavan. Listen! The victorious Ver Celiyan residing at Korkai offered a human sacrifice of one thousand goldsmiths in a day to the divine Pattini who had twisted off one off her breasts.

When Matalan gave all this information the sun set and then the court astrologer said, “ Long live the ruler of the earth. It is now thirty two months since we left Vanci.

 

  1. Fifty Tula Gold to the Brahmana!

When Senkuttuvan asked about the succession in the Cola kingdom, Matalan praised the Colas whose forefathers destroyed the three fortresses suspended in the sky (mythological story), who gave flesh to a kite to save a dove (mythological Sibi Story) would never move away from the righteous path , Senkuttuvan became very happy and said to the Brahmana,

“O Brahmana Matalan, please accept the gift of fifty Tulams of pure gold” equal to Senkuttuvan’s own weight (Tula Bharam).

 

17.BRAHMIN’S ADVICE TO SENKUTTUVAN!

Matalan in Natukar Katai

“Then a Cakkayan, a dancing expert from Paraiyur, which was famous for Brahmans versed in the four Vedas, exhibited for king’s pleasure, the dance known as Koticetam danced with Uma as part of Himself by the mighty Siva, while the anklet worn on his  beautiful feet tinkled.

In the Natukar Katai Matalan speaks:

“O King wearing a long garland of victory and possessing a huge army! O Lion of kings, who knows all that can be known from great men, dismiss your wrath! Ruler of the earth, may the days you have yet to live become more numerous than the particles of sand in the cool river An Porunai.

Pray do not dismiss my words! Even after passing through fifty years of your protection on this earth you do not perform religious sacrifice but continue to perform the sacrifice at the battle. Among your ancestors in this city one king distinguished himself by destroying the Katampu of the seas, another exhibited great prowess by carving the bow emblem on the Himalayas, another enabled a Vedic Brahmana in return for composing some poems, to ascend bodily to the higher world, another commanded the messenger of death not to take away lives indiscriminately but only in particular order; another Cera penetrated the golden region of the high mountain in the fertile kingdom of the Barbarous Yavanas. After adding two more ancestor king’s adventures Matalan says, “It is not necessary to point out to men of wisdom that youth will not last for ever. The goddess of wealth abides in your chest, for you see your own body covered with grey hairs. Even good souls in divine bodies may, it is just possible, enter human frames on earth. Souls of those who are born as men now may by chance be reborn as animals. Men are but actors on a stage, and will have no  enduring embody in only one fixed form. That life after death will depend upon deeds done in a previous birth is a significant statement which is not untrue”.

 

“O King of the powerful sword! I have chosen not to solicit rare gifts from you. I cannot suffer to see a good soul wrapped within a good body travel the path trodden by the common people of this vast world. O king who has crossed the limits of learning! you should therefore do that great and fruitful yajna with the help of sacrificial priests learned in the four Vedas in order you may gain that superior path which Gods extoll.

 

“If you say that good deed can be done tomorrow it may chance that your good soul trained in Vedic lore will leave your body even today.”

 

When the learned to tongue of the Vedic Brahmana, thus ploughed and sowed the seeds of divine wisdom in the kings’ ears, those seeds sprouted forth in right time.

 

With a desire to enjoy the fruits of the harvest of virtue, the king with the resounding anklets, commanded the presence of those sacrificial priests who had completed their studies by listening to teachers belonging to a group of traditional interpreters of the four Vedas. They were asked to commence the festival of sacrificial rituals in the manner instructed by Matalan.

 

 

18.Matalan’s Last appearance in Varantaru Katai

 

Brahmana Miracle!

In the chapter Varanataru Katai there is a long anecdote where Devanti gives the history of Manimekalai, daughter of Kovalan and courtesan Matavi. Then Devanti was possessed by Pasanatan Cattan.

It is said that there are three girls in the crowd—twin daughters of Arattan Cetti and a little daughter of Cetak Kutumpi, a temple priest. If Matalan sprinkled the water of a divine pool on those girls, they would reveal their past births. Devantikai gave that water to Matalan which kept in his string-bag (Uri).

 

Seeing all this Senkuttuvan was lost in wonder and turned towards Matalan when he said with good cheer: ‘Hear this O King! Let all your ills disappear.

 

Then Matalan sprinkled the water on the three girls. They recited their previous births. Senkuttuvan looked at the face of Matalan, wearing the sacred thread on his chest, he blessed him: O King of Kings! Long may you live. These three were, in previous births, attached to the devoted wife of Kovalan, who seized the mad elephant’s tusk to release a Brahmana from the clutches of the mad elephant.

 

Matalan finished his speech with a good advice:

“It is not strange that people who do good things attain heaven and people who have worldly minds are reborn and that good and bad deeds have their own reward and those born should die, and those dead should be re born. Those are ancient truths ( Bhagavad Gita echo: Jaatasya hi dhruvo mrtyuh dhruvam janma mrtasya ca)

 

Matalan continues:

You (Senkuttuvan) were born through the grace of Him who rides on the sacred bull (Lord Shiva) and have won distinction as a king in this wide world, saw, clear as an object held in the palm of your hand, the fruits of righteous deeds and the forms of holy people. Long live from eon to eon protecting the earth! Live long gracious monarch!

 

Pleased with what the Brahmana Matalan said, the king endowed grants to the temple of the ever youthful Pattini who had twisted off her breast and there by raised flames which enveloped the noisy Kutal (another name for Madurai) of the great Pandyan Kingdom, much celebrated in poetical themes. He further ordered the conduct of daily festivals by instructing Devantikai to offer flowers, perfume and incense.

The monarch of the world circumambulated the shrine thrice and stood proffering his respects. Many kings including the Gajabahu of sea girt Sri Lanka participated in the festival.

 

Kannaki too when she burnt Madurai down asked the Agni Deva (Fire God) to spare Brahmins, old people, cows, chaste women, invalids and all good people.

19.Chief Duties of the Lady of the House

The chief duties of the lady of the house were giving of gifts to the deserving, the serving of the Brahmins and the entertaining of the ascetics and guests, as evidenced by Kannaki’s own words in canto XVI.II 71-3 Kolaikkala Katai

 

  1. Brahmin Ambassador and Brahmin Actors

There are more references to Brahmins throughout the epic

A Brahmin ambassador by name Kausikan delivered the message of Matavi to Kovalan and took back his message to his parents – Purancheri Irutta Katai

Brahmin actors (Kuutta Chakkaiyar) staged a show in front of Senkuttuvan- Natukar Katai

Keeranthai, a Brahmin, told his wife that Pandyan king would protect her when he went out of the city and that led to Porkai Pandya Story (Pandya with a Golden Hand)—Katturai Katai

Ilango says that Pandyan kings always hear the Vedic recital but never the justice bell (katturai Katai)

A Brahmin poet by name Palaik Kautamanar going to heaven with his body- Natukar Katai

 

Madurai is full of smoke from the Vedic Fire altars—Naatu Kaan Katai

Conclusion:

Hundreds of lines were attributed to Brahmin Matalan and he gave us lot of information to fill the gaps in the epic. Miraculous incidents happen in front of the Brahmana and the king Senkuttuvan. He commands the king to do Yagas and yajnas and the king readily obeys. Kannaki lamented that she could not feed the Brahmins and saints. She spared Brahmins when she burnt down Madurai. Parasaran- Dakshinamurthy anecdote showed the condition of Vedic education in Tamil Nadu. Kovalan could read s Sanskrit manuscript. Brahmins are praised as great scholars in Tamil (Vandamiz Maraiyor in Katturaik Katai; it speaks of the Brahmin who composed a poem on Chera king in Patitrup Pattu and went to heaven with his wife in his human body).

Why did Ilango do it?

Why did Ilango do it? did he write a Brahmana Kavya? My opinion is that he did not exaggerate anything. He described the real condition of second century CE Tamil Nadu where Brahmins commanded great respect. They could command great and mighty kings like Senkuttuvan. They could guide them what to do for the welfare of the community. Through Parasran-Dakshinamurthy anecdote, Ilango not only showed that even a child in a remote village of Tamil Nadu could recite Vedas perfectly, but also Brahmins were unselfish and could donate their wealth for the Vedic children. Ilango was the first poet in Tamil to show the weddings conducted by the Brahmins in front of fire.

 

Silappadikaram was the most popular epic. It was the only epic which based its story on a pure Tamil theme.

Paranar and other poets of Patitrup Pattu, one of the 18 books of Sangam Tamil literature, confirmed all that was said by Ilango. There is no doubt that the history second century Tamil Nadu was a golden period in the history of Tamil Nadu.

 

References:

The Cilappatikaram,Prof. V R Ramachandra Dikshitar,The South India Saiavasiddhanta Works Publishing Society, Tinnelvelly Limited, Madras,600 001, 1978

Akananuru, Varthamanan Pathippakam, A Manikkanar,Chennai- 600 017,1999

Srimad Bhagavad Gita, Anna, Sri Ramakrishna Mutt, Chennai-600 004,1965

 

 

–Subahm–

 

 

 

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