All posts tagged Tolkappiam

TAMILS AND AV POET EXPLODE MAX MULLER, CALDWELL MYTHS (Post No.10,584)

WRITTEN BY LONDON SWAMINATHAN

Post No. 10,584

Date uploaded in London – –    21 JANUARY   2022         

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LET US CONTINUE OUR ANALYSIS OF HYMN TO EARTH, THE MOST FAMOUR SECULAR HYMN IN THE ATHARVANA VEDA (AV)

It is amazing to see someone is singing 3000 years ago, ‘Let us not hurt the heart and vital organs of the Earth’. What an amazing thought! Wonderful concern for the health of the earth! It must be made a motto and displayed in all the environmental departments around the world.

AV hymn has 63 mantras or stanzas in the Hymn to Earth, also known as Bhumi Sukta. We have already seen the first 32 verses. Now here is my commentary on the stanzas from 33 to 36.

xxx

Mantra 33

Here the pet calls Sun as ‘friend’. As long as it shines let me have good vision is his prayer. This is a prayer every Brahmin around the world recites in the mid day prayer to Sun .

Pasyema saradas satam (let me enjoy good vision for 100 years)

Jivema saradas satam (healthy life)

Nandaama saradas satam (happy life)

Modaama saradas satam (make others happy with my happy face)

Bhavaama saradas satam ( useful existence)

Srnvaama saradas satam ( hear good things)

Prabravaama saradas satam (speak good things)

Ajeetaasyama saradas satam (Let me live 100 years unconquered, invincible, ever victorious)

The second interesting point in this calling Gods as Friends. Throughout the Rig Veda, the oldest book in the world, Gods are addressed as Friends. Co workers are addressed as Comrades.

Xxx

Mantra 34

I have already explained that Hindus think it is a sin even to put our feet on Holy Mother Earth; so one prays to earth ‘Please pardon me for putting my feet on you (Samudra vasane Devi……… Pata sparsam kshmamsva me). I do it every morning in London before getting up from the bed.

Xxx

Mantra 35

The recycling principle or thought and the idea of reforestation existed even during Vedic period. The poet prays ‘whatever I dig from you, may that grow again’. And the most beautiful line “O Purifier, May We Not Injure Your Vitals or Your Heart” occurs in this mantra. This must be the moto of every environmental movement.

Xxx

Mantra 36

This stanza explodes he myth spread by Max Muller gang, Marxist gang(sters) and Caldwell gangs. Here the poet talks about SIX SEASONS and not four seasons as found in Europe or any other parts of the world. Here is a very clear message, the Vedic culture is typical Indian and Hindu. Moreover Tamil Hindus also sing about this six seasons in their 2000 year old Sangam literature. So there is only one culture from Himayas to Kanyakumari. There is no Dravidian or Aryan. Kalidasa the most famous poet of India, wrote a long poem known as Rtu Samharam describing all the Six Seasons. Here is another answer to a puzzle in that book. Scholars wondered why Kalidasa begin his poem with Summer as the first season instead of beautiful Vasantha/Spring season. May be he was influenced by this AV mantra where the poet puts Summer (Greeshma Rtu) as the first one. And the poet prays for abundance all along the year- during all the six seasons.

The above four stanzas are full of positive thoughts, positive ideas!

Let us thank the Vedic Brahmins for preserving this hymn and passing it to generations to come by word of mouth. They never wrote it, but simply spread it by word of mouth. They learnt it by heart.

xxx

Linguistic titbits

Look at the word Hrudaya for heart in Mantra 35. That HRT gave us the word Heart in all ancient languages including Tamil.

Look at the word Bhumi for earth. That is used as Puvi and Bhumi in 2000 year old Tamil epic literature (Silappadikaram and Manimegalai).

Tamils followed Six Seasons of the year and divided even a day into six small periods (See Tolkappiam- Porul Athikaram; Sutram:- kaarum……)

I have explained in mantra 31 that Tamils, tamilized even Sanskrit words Udeechyai, Prachyai as Uusi ,Pasi etc (Puram verse 229). We come across directions again in mantra 34.

To be continued………………..

tags- Rtusamharam, six seasons, Tamil, Tolkappiam, Bhumi Suktam, Heart, Vital organs

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by Tamil and Vedas on January 21, 2022  •  Permalink
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50 SANSKRIT WORDS AND 25 PRAKRIT WORDS IN OLDEST TAMIL BOOK (Post No.9317)

WRITTEN BY LONDON SWAMINATHAN

Post No. 9317

Date uploaded in London – –27 FEBRUARY  2021     

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Agreement between Tolkappiam and Sanskrit works on Grammar

BY S N Sri Rama Desikan

(FOLLOWING MATTER IS FROM AN OLD PAPER CUTTING)

The first two chapters of Tolkappiam deal with grammar while the third deals with literature/ rhetoric. These are analogous to three divisions in Sanskrit-

Siksha

Vyakarana and

Alankara sastra

It may be observed that the portion’s of Tolkappiam dealing with the form of letters, their origin, their four -fold manner of compounds and seven Vyakrthis agree with the Sanskrit grammatical works of Panini, Yaska’s Nirukta, Patanjali’s Mahabhasya etc.

In Tolkappiam, we find 50 Sanskrit words, 25 Prakrit words and some technical terms.

In regard to the explanations for the

eight sentiments/Rasas,

ten states/Avastas and

32 Accessory feelings/Vyabhichari bhavas, there is full agreement between the Bharata Natyasastra and Tolkappiam.

As Tolkappiar himself says in several places,

I am giving here explanation according to Natya sastra; some consider that the source should be Bharatas Natya sastra.

In the matter of

32 Kavya Yuktis/ literary practices,

ten kavya doshas/ literary blemishes and

Sutra lakshanas / characteristic’s of aphoristic compositions also,

Tolkappiam agrees with the Bharata Natyyasastra and Arthasastra.

Tolkappiar has also followed closely the sastras like

Manu Smrti and Dharma sastras in regard to

eight kinds of marriages, their classification according to castes , proper and improper marriages and their characteristics .

There are similarities also regarding

nature of Jivas and

 five Tinais / regional classification

It can be inferred that there should have been a common basic work even if one does not go so far as to state that one language follows the other.

The Sangam poets have referred profusely to the episodes in the epics and Puranas.

Following list of Sanskrit words in Tolkappiam is given by Prof. Vaiyapuri Pillai

XXXX SUBHAM XXXX

tags- Sanskrit words, Tolkappiam, Prakrit words, Bharata, Natya Sastra

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by Tamil and Vedas on February 27, 2021  •  Permalink
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Posted by Tamil and Vedas on February 27, 2021

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Tolkappiam – a Compilation or Original? Third chapter an Appendix? (Post No.9228)

Research Article WRITTEN BY LONDON SWAMINATHAN

Post No. 9228

Date uploaded in London – –4 FEBRUARY  2021     

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Summary in English (This is the summary of my Tamil article with attachments)

Tolkappiar used ‘they say ‘ or ‘He says’ in over 300 places in the three books on Letters (Ezuthu), Word (Sol) and about Tamil Traditions (Porul).

What did he mean by this journalistic jargon, ‘they say’, ‘it is said that’?

Commentators say he mentioned the book before him written by Agastya.

Tolkappiam is a grammar book in Tamil, which Tamils consider the oldest Tamil work available now.

*****

My Views

All the three books were written by the same author, who lived during the mysterious Kalabra (Jains from Karnataka) rule or just after that in 4th or 5th century. The last book on Porul (Tamil Traditions) is not an appendix or a later addition.

At the same period came two more books Tirukkural and Silappadhikaram (all the three books used ADHIKARA, a Sanskrit word , mostly used  by Jains to denote Chapter or Book)

These three verbs ‘Enmanar, Enba, Moliba’ which occur at least 305 times are uniformly used in all the three chapters. Also used by Post Sangam authors. Tamil classification puts the other two books Tirukkural and Silappadikaram in Post Sangam period. (See my attachments in Tamil article posted today giving 305 words).

 Dravidians put forth a curious statement saying that wherever Tolkappiar speaks about Vedas, Gods Varuna and Indra, Eight Types of Marriage put forth by Manu Smrti etc are interpolations!!

Last but not the least, Tolkappiar’s period is different from the period of Tolkappiam. The book in the present form is later. Same with Ilango and Silappadikaram. Book came later than the original author.

Dravidians created a Tolkappiar with moustache to demolish the commentators’  writing that he was a Brahmin Rishi. Old books and old commentators say that he belongs to Jamadagni clan and Kavya Gotra. Tolkappiar means one who belongs to Old Kavya Gotra. His real name was Truna Dumagni according to old Tamil Encyclopedia Abhidana Chintamani of Singaravelu Mudaliyar and 700 year old commentaries.

Dravidias are notorious for wiping out the holy ash from the Tiruvalluvar pictures after 1967. When they came to power in 1967, they defaced Tiruvalluvar and gave him a ‘widow like’ look. Now they have made Tolkappiar  a moustached Brahmin !!!

Strange indeed are the ways of Dravidians!!!

taggs- Tolkappiam, Third chapter, book, appendix

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by Tamil and Vedas on February 4, 2021  •  Permalink
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BRAHMIN WONDER IN PANINI’S GRAMMAR! (Post No.8775)

WRITTEN BY LONDON SWAMINATHAN

Post No. 8775

Date uploaded in London – –5 OCTOBER 2020   

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Years ago, I wrote in my two blogs that Brahmins of India are “LIVING FOSSILS” of the world and they deserve an entry into Guinness Book of Records. I gave umpteen reasons including ‘thrice a day Sandhyavandana water ritual’ shows they are sons of the soil and they did not come from outside India. I also showed that they worship Sun, God of Death, Water, Directions, Prosody, Goddess Gayatri, Sapta Rishis/  Seven Stars in Ursa Major constellation, 100 year full life, River Narmada and all Vedic deities. There is a rare combination of Nature and God in their three times worship every day (Sorry to say that I do only two times a day in London on the banks of River Thamasa called Thames. Guinness Book on Names says that it is similar to River Thamasaa of Valmiki)

Now I have got one more point to prove my case. Brahmin’s daily ceremony includes Gayatri worship. It is the second and most important part. Before the actual recitation of Gayatri Mantra, they invocate Goddess Gayatri from the hilltop in to their hearts/mind. While inviting Goddess to enter his mind/heart he worships seven seers (Sapta Rishis in Northern Great Bear/ Ursa Major constellation), Sanskrit Grammar (Vedic Prosody with seven main meters) and All Vedic Gods.

The wonder of wonders is that a Panini Sutra gives the names of Rishis in the same order as I say it in London. What does it mean?

At least for 2700 years Brahmins are doing this recitation. I was surprised to find the same order in a grammar book where he explained only to teach grammar and not religion or ritual.

A brahmin who does Sandhya Vandana (Sun Worship) every day, touching his forehead, says the names of Seven Seers:-

Atri, Brhu, Kutsa, Vasistha, Gautama, Kashyapa, Angirasa.

Some Brahmins use one or two different names but they belong to the same clan (Gotra). So it is not considered a deviation.

And the referred sutra is in Ashtadhyayi of Panini:-

2-4-65 atribrhukutsavasistha gotamaangirasobhyas ca

Here he explains the rules about elision .

We are not concerned about the grammatical rules here.

What I want to show is that the same order is in grammatical rule and Brahmin’s say it in day to day ritual!

So we know that it has been there from Panini’s time or even before that.

Xxx

NUMBER NAMES FOR TAMIL BOOKS

Tamils followed Panini in naming women and  in forming feminine names from masculine ones. (Please read my article posted here yesterday ).

Tamils also named books after numbers . Some of the Sangam Age Tamil books are  ‘Five short hundreds’ (Ainkurunuru), ‘Ten tens ‘(Pathitrupathu); Post Sangam books have Tirukkural (Holy Couplets=2), Naaladiyaar (Four Lines). Then we see a lot of Ten Verses (Pathikam), 100 verses (Satakam).

All these originated from Sanskrit which are explained in Panini Sutras (aphorism or crispy rules)

The earliest NUMBER  books in Sanskrit is Satapata Brahmana (100 chapters). Those who read the first 60 chapters are named students ‘who mastered 60 chapter’s. The book is called Sixty, Shastipathaa in Sanskrit,  is the word used for it.

Panini’s own work is called Ashtakam (Eight Chapters) by his followers and the popular name of the book is ASHTA +ADHYAYII (8 chapters).

Tamils also collected the 18 books of Sangam Age into Eight Collections (Ettuthokai)  and Ten Long verses (Pathuppaattu) .

The Kaushitaki Brahmana book has 30 chapters and the Aitareya Brahmana book has 40 chapters.

Panini gave them as examples in5-1-62

Trimsach- chatvarimsator brahmane samjnayam

Triamsa- 30

Chatvarimsa-40

This is also followed by the ancient Tamils.

XXX

TAMILS followed Sanskrit grammar in naming the books after authors.

Most famous Tamil book is Tolkaappiyam , the oldest grammar book in Tamil.

Like Panini’s work is called Paaniniiyam after him, Tolkaappiyam is named after its author Tolkaappian.

In Tamil we see many ancient book names such as KaakkaipaatiniiYAM, AvinaYAM etc.

This YA ending is  in lot of Sanskrit books which are shown as examples in the commentaries on Panini.

In short, Tamils followed NAMING rules explained in Paniniyam. May be the custom is older than Panini and Tolkappian.

—Subham–

tags – 7 seers, sapta rishis, Paniniyam, Tolkappiam, Tamils,

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by Tamil and Vedas on October 5, 2020  •  Permalink
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Indra in the oldest Tamil Book

indus elephant

 

I think this INDUS seal portrays Indra on Airavata.

Indra is the most popular Vedic God. Indra is the most popular Tamil God according to the oldest Tamil book Tolkappiam. Tolkappiar wrote this grammatical treatise around 1st century BC. He lists all the four important Vedic Gods INDRA, VARUNA, VISHNU and SKANDA (another form of AGNI) as Gods of four Tamil Lands. Tolkaapiam was launched in the assembly of a Pandya king and Acharya of Athankodu gave the seal of approval according to Panamparanar, disciple of Agastya & Tolkappiar. Acharya of Athankodu was praised as a great scholar in all the four Vedas.

 

Tolkappiar was not the only one who praised Indra. We see Indra throughout Tamil literature. Sangam Tamil literature mentions his name in several places and the heaven under Indra is mentioned in innumerable places. Pura Nanauru, Tirukkural and Tamil epics did not miss his name.

 

People who don’t know Tamil or Tamil literature think Tamils had a different culture which is not true. There are some special aspects of Tamil culture and it is same with every nook and corner of the country. Britain, where I live is a small country; exactly the area of one state in India (Andhra Pradesh) and it has got almost similar population of Andhra Pradesh. But there are four cultures English, Welsh, Irish and Scottish. Irish and Scottish are fighting for separate countries. No wonder India which is the seventh largest country in the world, with the second highest population in the world, show different aspects in different parts.

6d92c-indra_riding_airavatakazyhiker-com

 

Indra riding Airavata, Laos

Indra was out and out an Indian god. Throughout Indian literature he is depicted as riding an elephant. Elephant is an Indian animal and tropical animal. But people, who claimed themselves “scholars”, spread all sorts of lies about Indra to confuse and divide Indians.

 

Tamil are very fond of Indra. Even today they have Indra’s name such as Rajendra, Mahendra, Balendra,Gajendra,Vijayendra etc.

As a matter of fact from the northern most Kashmir to the southernmost Kandy in Sri Lanka, we see Indra’s name everywhere.

 

Following references from the Tamil books will prove my argument:

Tol.Porul.1 to 5 says

The land of forests desired by Mayon (Vishnu), The land of hills desired by Seyon (Reddish Skanda), the land of sweet waters desired by the King (Indra) and the land of wide sand desired by Varunan. The land divisions are respectively called Mullai, Kurinji, Marutham and Neithal. Indra was the God of cultivated lands and irrigated fields. Indra is always associated with water in the Vedas. He was the one who released water by killing Vritra. Tolkappiar was a genius and he translated Indra as King (Venthan in Tamil). There are innumerable Indras in the Hindu scriptures. But some people falsely attributed all these things to one Indra. Tolkappiar used the common noun king.

 

Purananuru verse 182

Ilamperu Vazuthi sings about the great qualities of Tamils in Puram verse 182. He says that even if Indra’s Amrita is offered one would not eat alone. This is a clar reflection of Bhagavad Gita verse 3-13. I have already given this in my post Bhagavad Gita in Purananuru in Tamil. So Indra’s Amrita was known to every Tamil.

Puram 241

Tamils and other Hindus believed that soldiers who sacrifice their lives defending the country will go straight to heaven under the rule of Indra. This is also in Bhagavad Giat which I have already explained in my post. Enicheri Mudamosiyar sings about Chieftain’s Ay’s death. Indra is waiting to welcome the hero to his world, says the poet. I have a feeling that Ay’s real name is AYendran or Ajendran. His name Andiran is cognate with Indira in Sanskrit and Andrew in English.

 

Indra-Ahalya Painting!

Another beautiful verse gives very interesting details about a painting of Indra in the disguise of a cat when he came to molest Gautama Rishi’s wife Ahalya. Paripatal verse 19 describes this story with three Sanskrit names Indra, Gautama and Ahalya. This painting in Tirupparankundram near Madurai attracted a big crowd and the poet overheard the conversation and put it in his poem! Indra’s stories were so popular in Tamil Nadu 2000 years ago. The Indra festival is described in minute details in the great epic Silappadikaram.

 

Paripatal verses and Tirumurukatrup patai verse gives a variety of mythological stories by one or two lines.

Tituvalluvar uses the story Indra and Ahalya to illustrate that seers are greater than Indra when it comes to the control of senses (Kural 25)

In 2000 year old Sangam Tamil literature we come across Sanskrit word Amruta (ambrosia) in many places which is available in Indra loka (heaven of Indra). The Sanskrit word Amrita is used in more than thirty verses in Sangam literature.

 

Rainbow is known as Indra Dhanush (Indra’s bow) in Tamil and Sanskrit literature.

Vashista’s wife Arundhati, Amrita, Indra and Four Vedas were used by Tamil poets in hundreds of places. Tamils were thorough with the Hindu Mythology. Tripura Dhanam of Shiva, destruction of buffalo demon by the goddess, Shiva’s poison episode etc were household things in ancient Tamil Nadu. In short there is no Tamil book without a Sanskrit word—from Tolkappiam to Bharathiar of our time. There is no Tamil work without a reference to Hindu god or mythology. I can quote from every book.

(Those who want to reproduce the article must give the name of the blog or the author London Swaminathan. Pictures are not mine)

 

Read my earlier posts:

Indra Festival in the Vedas and Tamil Epics

Veera Matha in the Vedas and Tamil Literature

Vahanas in Kalidasa and Tamil Literature

 

Picture of Indra festival in Nepal.

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by Tamil and Vedas on June 14, 2013  •  Permalink
Posted in History, Religion, Tamil Literature
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Posted by Tamil and Vedas on June 14, 2013

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