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Post No. 9317

Date uploaded in London – –27 FEBRUARY  2021     

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Agreement between Tolkappiam and Sanskrit works on Grammar

BY S N Sri Rama Desikan

(FOLLOWING MATTER IS FROM AN OLD PAPER CUTTING)

The first two chapters of Tolkappiam deal with grammar while the third deals with literature/ rhetoric. These are analogous to three divisions in Sanskrit-

Siksha

Vyakarana and

Alankara sastra

It may be observed that the portion’s of Tolkappiam dealing with the form of letters, their origin, their four -fold manner of compounds and seven Vyakrthis agree with the Sanskrit grammatical works of Panini, Yaska’s Nirukta, Patanjali’s Mahabhasya etc.

In Tolkappiam, we find 50 Sanskrit words, 25 Prakrit words and some technical terms.

In regard to the explanations for the

eight sentiments/Rasas,

ten states/Avastas and

32 Accessory feelings/Vyabhichari bhavas, there is full agreement between the Bharata Natyasastra and Tolkappiam.

As Tolkappiar himself says in several places,

I am giving here explanation according to Natya sastra; some consider that the source should be Bharatas Natya sastra.

In the matter of

32 Kavya Yuktis/ literary practices,

ten kavya doshas/ literary blemishes and

Sutra lakshanas / characteristic’s of aphoristic compositions also,

Tolkappiam agrees with the Bharata Natyyasastra and Arthasastra.

Tolkappiar has also followed closely the sastras like

Manu Smrti and Dharma sastras in regard to

eight kinds of marriages, their classification according to castes , proper and improper marriages and their characteristics .

There are similarities also regarding

nature of Jivas and

 five Tinais / regional classification

It can be inferred that there should have been a common basic work even if one does not go so far as to state that one language follows the other.

The Sangam poets have referred profusely to the episodes in the epics and Puranas.

Following list of Sanskrit words in Tolkappiam is given by Prof. Vaiyapuri Pillai

XXXX SUBHAM XXXX

tags- Sanskrit words, Tolkappiam, Prakrit words, Bharata, Natya Sastra