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Where is it?
It is in Eran in Madhya Pradesh.
How old is it?
Over 1500 years old. It belongs to the Gupta Dynasty.
What is it?
It is a temple for Vishnu’s Varaha Avatara. The temple itself is shaped as Yajna Varaha (Boar Avatara of Maha Vishnu.)
Who built it ?
King Toramana.
Why did he build it?
To celebrate his victory over the earth (BHUMI) spreading towards ocean on four directions like Varaha Avatar who lifted the mighty earth from the bottom of the ocean which was hidden there by the demons/Asuras.
What is it called in science?
It is part of Geological Science. Hindus taught Geology through the fits three avataras. Mastya/Fish, Kurma/Tortoise and Varaha/boar.
What does it say?
Billions of years ago the earth was full of water. Then came the water borne creatures. Then came the amphibians; then the land animals appeared. Human beings with hard work reclaimed the land and started agriculture, Balarama and Parasurama Rama went with axe throughout earth and taught the people farming. Darwin copied the Dasavatara and wrote his theory. It is called Theory of Evolution.
What is written in Sanskrit here?
It is one of the oldest inscriptions in Sanskrit and the oldest Boar avatara statue. The king bosats that he won many countries like Lord Vishnu. He traces his ancestors: father Harivishnu, , great grandfather Indra Vishnu, a brahmana saint. He praised his brother Dhanya Vishnu. They were Bhagawats (all the Guta kings were Parama Bhagawats. That is great worshippers of Lord Vishnu.). They traced their origin to Vedic Gods Maitra Varuni (Mitra- Varuna)
When was it built?
On the Dasami thithi off Falguna month (in Tamilized Sanskrit it is Panguni).
What is the scorpion Puzzzle?
The boar statue has the inscription on its throat. It has got garlands going around it. It has got 28 circles. Of the 28the circle it has got scorpion figure. Other 27 have got man and woman in half sitting posture. Scholars’ think these are 27 stars and the scorpion is Vrischika Rasi. Probably the temple was erected during Vrichchika Rasi time.
What is the conclusion?
Some half baked scholars wrote that the Greeks taught us Zodiac signs when Hindus were using only 27 stars. This inscription and Sangam Tamil book Paripatal explodes that theory. Of the 18 Sangam Books , which are 2200 years old, Paripatal, Purananuru and other books mention Zodiac Signs. Paripatal verse 11 used two Sanskrit words Panguni and Mithuna Rasi. Other books translated the symbols into Tamil like Aries/mesha=goat etc. Tamil verses used Mithuna, Makara , Budhan, all Sanskrit words. All the 12 Tamil months are in Sanskrit. This shows that 2200 years ago from Kanya Kumari to Kashmir people knew astronomy very well. Tamils had mentioned the Agastya star (Canopus) as well.
Compared with the above Gupta Inscription, we can conclude that zodiac signs such as Mithuna, Makara, Mesha , Vrischika are very familiar to Hindus. Strangely both Paripatal Tamil verse 11 and above Yajna Varaha inscription at Erakina village used the month Panguni . Only hitch is Panguni would not correspond with Vrischika Rasi. May be the King’s birth was Vrischika rasi or the temple work commenced in Vrishika Rasi . Malayali Hindus use only Zodiac signs as month names until today .
न दुर्वहश्रोणिपयोधरार्ता भिन्दन्ति मन्दां गतिमश्वमुख्यः ॥ १।११॥
Where the celestial damsels are unable to desist from their usual leisurely walking even if their toes and heels are disquieting to tread on the pathways condensed with snow, appurtenance to the slowed down pace owing to the weight of their broad hips and beamy bosoms, that sort of leisure-mountain is there in the North. [1-11]
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கதிரவனைக் கண்டதினால் கலக்கமுற்று ஓடும்
காரிருளைக் குகையினிலே காப்பாற்றுவான் ஹிமவான்;
சரணடைந்த சிறியோரை மேலோர்கள்
நட்புடனே காப்பது பெரியோருக்கு இயல்புதானே
दिवाकराद्रक्षति यो गुहासु लीनं दिवा भीतमिवान्धकारम् ।
He who safeguards the lowly darkness that burrowed itself in his caves, as though that darkens is frightened from the day making sun, is objectionable insofar as his propriety as a shelter is concerned; but that objection is voidable, as noblemen ought to protect anyone or anything seeking shelter as his own person. [1-12]
On whom the thick furred animals, chAmara, wave their tails spreading breeze in the quality of moonbeams; in doing so they appear to be fanning a royal with furred fanning instruments, and thus they render the title of ‘king of the mountains’ more meaningful to that mountain that is there in the North. [1-13]
Where the clouds dangling on the doorways of homelike caves are luckily becoming door curtains for the much-abashed celestial womenfolk when their upper cloths are suddenly snatched away by their males, such a romantic mountain is there in the North. [1-14]
On which the breeze wafts the spays of River Ganga’s watercourses wobbling the deodar trees time and again, whereby peacocks apprehensive of rainfall outspread their plumage, and commingling all the other perfumes that breeze becomes enjoyable to the tribal people that are fatigued in their hunting, such a breezy mountain is there in the North. [1-15]
Both the actions are in hyperbole. Neither the sages in highest constellation can bend down, nor the sun with downward sunrays can possibly shoot his rays up. This is only to show the loftiness of Himalayas.
Whose plenteousness to provide sacred material like special firewood, Soma creepers etc to Vedic rituals, and whose capacity and perseverance to bear the earth is clearly examined by Brahma, whereby Brahma personally ordered for oblational share of oblations in Vedic rituals to him along with the lordship on other mountains, such a munificent mountain Himavan is there in the North. [1-16]
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यज्ञाङ्गयोनित्वमवेक्ष्य यस्य सारं धरित्रीधरणक्षमं च ।
He who is the provisioner to Vedic rituals with sacred material like special firewood, Soma creepers etc, and whose capacity and perseverance to bear the earth is clearly examined by Brahma, whereby Brahma personally ordered for oblational share of Vedic rituals to Himavan along with the lordship on other mountains, such a beneficent mountain is there in the North. [1-17]
***
மேருவுக்குத் தோழனான மன்னன் ஹிமவானும்
முன்னோரின் கடன் தீர்க்க மனதினிலே எண்ணி
தன்னழகுக்கிசைந்தவளாம், தபசிகளும் புகழும் ,
மேனையென்னும் பெண்மணியை மணம்புரிந்தார் முறையே 18
स मानसीं मेरुसखः पितॄणां कन्यां कुलस्य स्थितये स्थितिज्ञः ।
Such a well-mannered lord of the mountains Himavan who is the friend of Mt. Meru customarily married Lady Mena Devi, the daughter of manes called agniShvAt et al, an estimable girl even for sages, thus becoming a worthy maiden for himself for the flourish of his dynasty. [1-18]
sa mānasīṃ merusakhaḥ pitṝṇāṃ kanyāṃ kulasya sthitaye sthitijñaḥ / menāṃ munīnām api mānanīyām ātmānurūpāṃ vidhinopayeme // Ks_1.18 //
THE BIRTH OF THE WAR-GOD
The Birth of the War-god is an epic poem in seventeen cantos. It consists of 1096 stanzas, or about 4400 lines of verse. The subject is the marriage of the god Shiva, the birth of his son, and the victory of this son over a powerful demon. The story was not invented by Kalidasa, but taken from old mythology. Yet it had never been told in so masterly a fashion as had been the story of Rama’s deeds by Valmiki. Kalidasa is therefore under less constraint in writing this epic than in writing The Dynasty of Raghu. I give first a somewhat detailed analysis of the matter of the poem.
First canto. The birth of Parvati.–The poem begins with a description of the great Himalaya mountain-range.
God of the distant north, the Snowy Range O’er other mountains towers imperially; Earth’s measuring-rod, being great and free from change, Sinks to the eastern and the western sea.
Whose countless wealth of natural gems is not Too deeply blemished by the cruel snow; One fault for many virtues is forgot, The moon’s one stain for beams that endless flow.
Where demigods enjoy the shade of clouds Girding his lower crests, but often seek, When startled by the sudden rain that shrouds His waist, some loftier, ever sunlit peak.
Where bark of birch-trees makes, when torn in strips And streaked with mountain minerals that blend To written words ’neath dainty finger-tips, Such dear love-letters as the fairies send. p. 158
Whose organ-pipes are stems of bamboo, which Are filled from cavern-winds that know no rest, As if the mountain strove to set the pitch For songs that angels sing upon his crest.
Where magic herbs that glitter in the night Are lamps that need no oil within them, when They fill cave-dwellings with their shimmering light And shine upon the loves of mountain men.
Who offers roof and refuge in his caves To timid darkness shrinking from the day; A lofty soul is generous; he saves Such honest cowards as for protection pray.
Who brings to birth the plants of sacrifice; Who steadies earth, so strong is he and broad. The great Creator, for this service’ price, Made him the king of mountains, and a god.
–SUBHAM–
tags-Himalaya Mountain in Three Languages மூன்று மொழிகளில் இமய மலை வருணனை -2 குமாரசம்பவம் காளிதாசன்
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
Part two
15
Arudra
three stars in the middle are known as Mrgaseersha= maan thalai= deer head .
It is part of Orion constellation; its name is Betelgeuse in astronomy.
The star is associated with Lord Shiva.
Thiruvathirai is a big Shiva festival until this day.
Malayali Hindus celebrate Tiru Athirai and Tiru Onam on a grand scale, one for Shiva and one for Vishnu.
They occur exactly in six months interval .
Only these two stars have the honorific suffix Tiru in Tamil , equivalent to Sri in Sanskrit. Westerners changed it to SIR title.
Pari .8-6; 11-77; Kali.150-20
(Karaikkal ammaiyar used Arudra. She lived after Sangam Age)
ARUDRA –STAR GOD–in Astronomy
Lord Siva is associated with the star Betelgeuse in the Orion constellation and so Siva is called Mr Arudra Star; the Kalittokai poet also says he is ( golden red) like Shanbaga flower
அரும் பெறல் ஆதிரையான்அணி பெற மலர்ந்த 20
பெருந் தண் சண்பகம் போல, ஒருங்கு அவர்
பொய்யார் ஆகுதல் தெளிந்தனம்
மை ஈர் ஓதி மட மொழியோயே! –கலித்தொகை 150
It is a prominent red supergiant star in the constellation Orion. Ardra is also the name of the sixth nakshatra (lunar mansion) in Hindu astrology.
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16
Onam
Madu. 591
Tiru onam is refereed to in post Sangam books Tevaram and Divya prabandham. It is in connection with Vamana and Tri Vikrama Avatar of Vishnu. Asura King Maha Bali was sent to Paatala Loka (may be Indian ocean Island or South America)
Malayali Hindus celebrate it like Deepavali in Tamil Nadu. During Sangam age and post Sangam age, Tamils also celebrated it.
Sangam verse makes three points very clear:
Vishnu killed the demon.
It was celebrated in Tamil Nadu as well.
It is the birth star of Vishnu (see U.Ve.Sa. commentary)
Most interesting fact is that there is no record in Tamil literature to say that Maha Bali ruled Kerala . Ancient Tamil literature says Vishnu killed demons whose birth star is Onam.
கணங்கொள் அவுணர் கடந்த பொழிந்தார் மாயோன் மேய ஓணநன்னாள் – மதுரைக்காஞ்சி 591.
***
Post Sangam literature
ஓணந்தான் உலகாளுமென்பார்களே , நீ பிறந்த திருவோணம் — பெரியாழ்வார், திவ்யப் பிரபந்தம்
***
16 a
Onam in Astronomy
he Onam festival is associated with the star Thiruvonam, which is the Hindu lunar mansion (nakshatra) that aligns with the constellation Aquila. In Western astronomy, this set of stars includes Altair (the brightest star in the Aquila constellation) and two other stars, Beta and Gamma Aquilae. These three stars are often depicted as the “three footprints” of the dwarf god Vamana in his Trivikrama form, which is central to the Onam legend
Onam was observed as Vamana Jayanti during the Pallava dynasty.
17
Anthanar = Brahmins
Sangam Tamil literature used words such as Anthanar, Paarppanan, Ayyar, Iru Pirappaalar (twice born) Aru tholilor = those who do six tasks. Those who keep three fires.
The word meant inward looking. Those who search for God or looking to God in heart/mind.
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Puram 397 referred to the Six Duties of Brahmins. It is a direct translation of the Sanskrit word
अध्यापनमध्ययनं यजनं याजनं तथा । दानं प्रतिग्रहं चैव ब्राह्मणानामकल्पयत् ॥ 1-88॥ Manu
For the Brāhmaṇas he ordained teaching, studying, sacrificing and officiating at sacrifices, as also the giving and accepting of gifts. (88).-Manu smriti
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OVER SIXTY DIRECT REFERECES ARE THERE.
They are associated with Numbers 1,2,3 and 6.
There are innumerable to brahmins. ANTHANAR meant only Brahmins because the prefix Four Vedas and Three Fires are used.
Here are some evidences: Puram 2- three fire worshippers;
Puram 6-
Pandya king will bow and respect three eyed shiva and four veda reciters brahmins.
Two Brahmin Gurus are referred to in Hindu scriptures.
They are Jupiter= Brhaspati and
Venus= Sukracharya.
Bruhaspati = Viyaazan in Tamil is the Guru/teacher of Devas;
Sukracharya = Velli is the Guru of Asuras.
Tamils referred to them as Brahmins Two in Kalittokai 99 and Jupiter only in Pari 11-7;
Very rarely the poets used Anthanar to mention Siva in Akam. Invocation.
20
Aathimanthi / adimanti
Daughter of Karikal choza (karikaal chozaa)
She was greatly devoted to her husband Aattanaththi and when he was washed away by river Kaveri, she followed him and recovered/ saved him through another woman named Maruthi. Maruthi committed suicide later.
Brahmin households maintain three essential ritual fires—Garhapatya (the domestic hearth), Dakshina (the southern fire), and Ahavaniya (the sacrificial fire)—collectively known as the Tretagni. These fires are central to the Yajna (Vedic fire sacrifice) and are used in household rituals and larger sacrifices to honour deities, ensure spiritual cleansing, and represent foundational elements of existence.
The Three Fires
Garhapatya (Garhapatya): This is the household fire, used for cooking and domestic purposes. It serves as the primary source of fire, from which the other two fires are eventually lit.
Dakshina (Daksinagni, Daksina): Known as the southern fire, this fire is used for offerings and rituals intended to avert negative influences. It is never extinguished.
Ahavaniya (Ahuneyyaggi, Ahavaniya): The eastern fire, this is the main sacrificial fire where most offerings are made to the gods during a Yajna. It is kept in a square fire pit.
To identify them brahmins kept them in a geometrically designed fire pits. According to tamil scholar u.ve.sa square, triangular and semi circular fire pits are used for aahavaneeyam, dakshinaagni and gaarhapatyam
Puram 367-13;
Pari.5-42
மூன்றுவகைக் குறித்த முத்தீச் செல்வத்து
இருபிறப் பாளர் பொழுதறிந்து நுவல
ஒன்பது கொண்ட மூன்றுபுரி நுண்ஞாண்—திருமுருகாற்றுப்படை181-183
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அந்தி அந்தணர் அருங் கடன் இறுக்கும்
முத் தீ விளக்கின், துஞ்சும்
பொற் கோட்டு இமயமும், பொதியமும், போன்றே- புறம் 2
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ஒன்று புரிந்து அடங்கிய இருபிறப்பாளர்
முத்தீப் புரையக் காண்தக இருந்த
கொற்ற வெண் குடைக் கொடித் தேர் வேந்திர்!—புறம்367
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Post Sangam Tamil Epic Silappdikaram attributes up to 123456 facts to Brahmins23-67/70
One principle, twice born, three fire worshippers, four veda reciters, five yajna performers, six task doers
22
Asura /Avunar
Madu -591; kuru 1-1; murukku 59; pathir-11-4; pari.3-56; 5-7; 8-8; puram 174-1; kali.2-3
In Puram 174, poet Miss Nappasalai praised Mr Sri Krishna (in Tamil Thiru Kannan) singing about the Mahabaharata episode of Krishna causing solar eclipse by his Sudarsana wheel so that Arjuna could slay Jayadratha. It was a real solar eclipse attributed as Krishna’s miracle. There the poet says Anangudai Avunar /fearful Rakshasas hiding sun and then Mr Black (Anjana Uruvan= collyrium dark person) saving it . Here Anangu means Fearful.
(fighting took place on certain days only during ; they did not fight continuously for 18 days. So one New moon day occurred in between and the solar eclipse can happen only on New moon days/Amavasyai)
Arakkan is the tamilized form of rakshasa. It is in puram with reference to Ravana
(for abbreviations of Tamil books, please see first part of this article)
Anangu as troubling, fear causing element is used in over 30 places in Sangam literature
In one place ,a ladylove is compared to Anangu (Surangani??) – Pari.12-57
(When I was visiting temples from Shirdi to Nasik, in one of the shrines, my wife and other women in our group were not allowed inside Skanda/ Muruga shrine. A big curtain with an announcement said-‘ No women can enter. This is Skanda/ Kartikeya shrine’. In ancient Tamil Nadu love sick women behaved strangely. Immediately their mothers says she is affected by Murugan/Skanda and invited prophesy tellers to drive the love sickness out. They sacrificed goats to the gods during the ceremony.
To be continued………………………….
tags- Ancient Tamil Encyclopaedia ,Part 2 ,1000 facts, Athimanthi, Anangu, Arudra, Betelgeuse, Anthanar, Brahmins, Asura guru, Deva guru, nymphs
Pictures are takn from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
Anamika story in Vana Parva of Mahabharata; Chapters 205 and 206
Anaamikaa= nameless woman i.e. Anonymous
English word Anonymous is derived from Sanskrit word Anamika. (Pronunciation- anaamikaa)
Yudhisthira put a question to sage Markandeya about the place of women in life.
“That a woman carries a child in her womb for ten months, and gives birth at the ripe time, what can be more awesome than that?
Often with danger to her life a woman bears a child gives birth in great pain and brings up her children with tender care- this seems to me to be even more difficult.
Still more difficult, indeed exceedingly difficult, is how woman look after a husband who is uncaring and cruel, from whom they receive only insulting behaviour, and yet, regardless, they live in the truth of their own dharma”.
Markandeya narrated the story of arrogant Brahmin Kaushika.
Kaushika was brahmin who mastered all scriptures and did severe penance. One day, sitting under a tree he was reciting Veda. A bird sitting on the same tree soiled his clothes. In great anger he looked at the bird and the bird instantly fell dead. Then he set out on his daily round of begging for food, what is called Biksha (Tamil word Pichchai is derived from it.)
He had arrived at a house and gave the customary call. Ane the woman answered from inside the house, ‘Please wait’.
The mistress of the house took some time and Kaushika became very angry. When she came out with food, he reproached her.
She apologised for the delay and told that her husband came just before he cam for food. She had been attending on her husband and hence the delay.
Kaushika raised his voice in ager and said,
“So, for you, your husband is has greater importance than a Brahmana. Even Gods bow their head to Brahmanas, what to say about the mortals. You arrogant woman. Don’t you know the power of Brahmanas? They are like fire. If they wish they can burn the whole earth.
Nameless woman/Anaamikaa, said to him,
“Don’t be angry, Sir! I meant no disrespect to you, but I am not that little bird that you reduced to ashes with your anger. What can your ngr do to me? It cannot touch me even remotely”
“The dharma I obtain from taking care of my husband is what I delight in. I put him in a place higher than even the Gods.
It is the kind of life that I live , ordinary, but in devotion to my husband , that brought me some powers too.
Just see that is how I have the foreknowledge of your burning with your anger that little bird. But, Sir, anger is the enemy that resides in man’s body.
This is in Tamil Veda Tirukkural too,
தெய்வம் தொழாஅள் கொழுநன் தொழுதெழுவாள்
பெய்யெனப் பெய்யும் மழை.- குறள் 55
Even rains fall at the command of the wife Who upon rising worships not God, but her husband- Tirukkural 55.
“Sir if you do not know what Dharma (rightful conduct) is, you should learn it from Dharmavyadha, a meat seller, by going to Mithila. He takes care of his parents. He is truthful and a man of self -control. Should I have said more than I should have, or something offensive, forgive me. Those who live in dharma know also that women are adandaniya, above punishment”
Kaushika said to the woman,
I am very pleased with you. My anger has vanished. Then he went to Mithila and met Dharmavyadha.
To be continued……………….
Similar story is told in Tamil about a Siddha saint called Konkanava. கொக்கென்று நினைத்தாயோ கொங்கணவா?
Hey You Konkanava, Did you think that I am like that bird heron/stork (you burnt a while ago)?
–subham—
Tags- power of woman, arrogant Brahmin, Kaushika, Mahabharata, Vana parva, husband is god, woman is unpunishable.கொக்கென்று நினைத்தாயோ, கொங்கணவா
Pictures are takn from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
Lord Ganesh with Erukkam flowers
Research article by London swaminathan
Tami name of Lord Ganesh is PILLAIYAAR.
We have very clear proof for Ganesh worship in 2000-year-old Sangam Tamil literature. One must understand that there are two stages in the worship of Hindu Gods. In the first stage, they are not part of popular worship and so the evidence is hidden in literature. When they become popular, we see them clearly in literature, statues and paintings. Ganesh is found around the world in statues. Sri Lanka Buddhist Viharas have Ganesh. Tallest Ganesh statue is in Thailand. Largest Muslim country in the world Indonesia has Ganesh image in their currencies. Roman God Janus is none other than Ganesh. Japanese also worship Ganesh.
Let us look at some examples. In the works of Kalidasa and Sangam Tamil literature we come across Lord Siva in the first verse, that is the Invocation or in praise of God. Four out of seven works of Kalidasa have Lord Shiva in the invocation. In Tamil at least five works have Lord Shiva in the invocation. After ninth century we have Ganesh instead of Shiva.
In the Vedic rituals , they do Ganesh puja first with image made with turmeric powder or clay idol. Tamils just wrote the letter u உ (Tamilஉ Vowel) to symbolise Ganesh. From fifth century onwards we see big Ganesh statues in South India. Now in Tamil Nadu Ganesh Festival has become more popular like Maharashtra. Even in Maharashtra B G Tilak only made it a grand festival to arouse Nationalism.
Now let us look at some examples:
Because of actors Mookambika, Santoshi Mata, Ayyappa, Ragavendra- all became popular. But the worship of those have been in vogue for centuries. Now Brahmins only worship Vedic Gods thrice a day at home. Others go to Shiva and Vishnu temples also Skanda/Muruga and Ganesh.
Another example of how Gods become popular come from the life of Chaitanya. He popularised the worship of Krishna with street dance and music. Bhakti Vedanta Parabhuapada took it to western countries and now devotees of Hare Krishna movement are doing the same street dance and music around the world. But Krishna worship has been there for more than 2000 years. Ancient Tamils worshipped Balarama along with his younger brother Krishna. But now several ancient Tamil temples have some empty space next to Krishna. Balarama has disappeared. He has lost popularity.
1
Ganesh in Sangam Literature
There is one clear reference to Ganesh in Tiru Murugaatrup Padai , but not in the main verse. So scholars consider it as an appendix. But they forgot to see other references. Face with one hand is found in this book.
2
Kabilar, a Brahmin poet, has contributed the highest number of verses in Sangam Literature. His name itself is the name of Ganesh. Priests in India do Ganesh puja with 16 names of Ganapathy and one of them is Kabila. That poet sys in Purananuru verse 106, “God wont reject a devotee’s offering even if it just grass or Erukkam flower. Here we see more evidence. A poet who entered Hindu Book of Records by listing 99 flowers at one go, refers just erukkam flower. That is Calotropis gigantea or Arka in Sanskrit. Nowadays this flower is associated with Lord Ganesh only. There is a very big demand for this flower in Tamil Nadu during Ganesh Chaturthy or Vinayaka Chaturthy. Kabila not only used this but also used Pul for grass. Arukam Pul is the only grass used to worship Ganesh on all days like Tulsi for Vishnu and Vilva for Lord Shiva.
And Kabila’s Puram verse 106 is nothing but an echo of Bhagavad Gita
पत्रं पुष्पं फलं तोयं यो मे भक्त्या प्रयच्छति |
तदहं भक्त्युपहृतमश्नामि प्रयतात्मन: ||9- 26||
If one offers to Me with devotion a leaf, a flower, a fruit, or even water, I delightfully partake of that item offered with love by My devotee in pure consciousness.
patraṁ puṣhpaṁ phalaṁ toyaṁ yo me bhaktyā prayachchhati
tadahaṁ bhaktyupahṛitam aśhnāmi prayatātmanaḥ
So, we know Hindu worship with flowers, leaves (Tulsi, Bilva, Dharba, Dhurva/ Arka grass) and water has been there from Mahabharata days, i.e.. for at least 5000 years.
Hindus showering God with water. Hindus invented this shower.
3
Modakam in Sangam Literature
The longest of the 18 Sangam books is Maduraik Kaanchi by a poet named Maangudi Maruthanaar. He mentioned MODAKAM by using the same Sanskrit word. Modakam is associated with Hindu Gad- Ganesh only.
(Modakam or Modak refers to the Sanskrit word for “a small portion of bliss” or “sweetmeat,” and it also refers to a type of sweet rice dumpling, which is a favourite food of the Hindu deity Lord Ganesha. The term also appears in a devotional hymn by Adi Shankaracharya, where the first line, “Muda Karaatta Modakam,” describes Lord Ganesha joyously holding this sweet.)
4
Adi Sankara divided Hindu worship into six main sects and one of them is Gaanaapatyam, i.e. Ganesh worship. If we go by the date of Sankara given by Kanchi Paramacharya (1894-1994), then Ganaapatyam came into vogue in the first century BCE or earlier.
Modakam with Coconut jaggery inside. Adi Shankara mentioned it in his Ganesa Pancharatanam.
5
The reference to Modaka, sold in Madurai shops along with Appam , (Maduraik Kanchi lines 625-629) another sweet dish, show that there existed Ganesh worship in Tamil Nadu. Because Appam (Fried sweet pan cake) is also associated Lord Ganesh. About 500 years ago , famous Tamil devotional poet Arunagiri Natharbegan his book Tiruppugaz with an invocation to Lord Ganesh, he mentioned Appam as a favourite dish of Lord Vinayaka.
Siruthondar, commander in Chief of the Pallava army, defeated the Chaukya king and brought the famous Ganesh statue from Baadaami (correct name Vaataapi). Then Ganesh became popular in Tamil Nadu.
Conclusion
Evidence from Nakkirar’s T M Padai, Kabila’s Puram verse, and Maduraik Kaanchi’s Modakam reference may be taken as a very clear evidence for Ganesh worship during Sanam Age. His worship became popular from fifth century CE.
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xxxx
Kalidasa is the greatest poet of India. He lived 2100 years ago in North India. His seven great works survived until this day. No poet in the world excelled him until this day. He used over 1500 imageries, similes, metaphors and allegories in his books. Not even Shakespeare in his 37 plays and over 154 sonnets used such imageries. In fact, Shakespeare even copied him and created Miranda (The Tempest) in the model of Shakuntala. He copied the Vidushakas of Kalidasa and created Caliban (The Tempest).
Like all great Hindu poets Kalidasa left no personal details. Of all the historical Hindu dynasties, he used only Magadha dynasty’s name. it proved that he lived during or immediately after the Magadha rule. In his Raghuvamsa we see Raghu conquering all countries up to Iran. We know that Vikramaditya was the one who ruled such a vast empire. Kalidasa is associated with the great ruler Vikramaditya and even Chandragupta II took that title later.
Kalidasa’s work Kumara sambhava made a big impact on the Vaishnavite Gupta empire and they suddenly switched over to Saivite names such as Kumara Gupta and Skanda Gupta. Three Gupta Kings named themselves as Kumaragupta.
First Mystery
He lived in the first century BCE. Bhasa, another great playwright credited with 13 plays, lived before him. He used stories from Ramayana and Mahabharata for his dramas. Kalidasa took Lord Skanda (also known as Kumaara) for his work. This shows he lived before the Parama Bhagavathas, i.e. The Gupta kings. Gupta kings used title Parama Bhagavathas in their coins and inscriptions to say that they are followers of Vishnu.
But why did Kalidasa choose Lord Skanda/ Kartikeya/Kumara rejecting Vishnu and Siva? It is a mystery. The legend is that he was blessed by Kali. His very name suggested that he was blessed by Kali. But he never did any work on Kali. But in all his seven works he praised Brahma, Vishnu and Siva and said all are one and the same. In most of his works he used Siva in the initial Prayer song. All these show that he lived before Vaishnavite/ Parama Bhagvathas Gupta kings.
The reason for him choosing Lord Skanda may be the Yaudheya Kings who produced coins with the image of Lord Skanda.
Second Mystery
Why didn’t he finish Kumarasambhava, the birth of Lord Kumara/Skanda? What happened to him? Where did he go? Did he die suddenly? No clue is available in any Hindu literature. But Gupta inscriptions and sculptures show his great influence. Most famous art historian Sivaramamurti rightly pointed out that Kalidasa must have lived long before the Gupta rule, because sculptures and paintings follow what is written in literature not vice versa. This has been proved around the world.
Third Mystery
In Kumarasambhava Kavya, we see the role of Sapta Rishis- Seven Great Seers. Even today Brahmins worship Sapta Rishis three times a day in their Sandhyavandana, in the order Atri, Brhu, Kutsa, Vasishta, Gautama, Kashyapa and Angirasa. The surprising thing is that Panini used them in the same order 2700 years ago. But Kalidasa gave importance to the junior most Angiras in the list. He is the one who requests Himavan to give his daughter Uma to Lord Siva in marriage. Traditions of the Seven Rsis by John E. Mitchiner says saint Valmiki refers only to six seers and Mahabharata has two different lists. He added that Kalidasa and Varahamihira used the new list and so this new list must be in use between 300 BCE and 300 CE. But why did Kalidasa choose junior most or the last one (Angiras) to head the representation to Himavan? It remains as an unsolved mystery.
Another interesting point is 2000 year old Sangam Tamil literature mentioned Sapta Rishis in two poems saying Tamils worshipped them (Natrinai 231 and Pari.5-43)
***
UMA Mystery in Tamil Literature
One more mystery is there, but it is from Tamil literature.
Sangam Tamil literature, mostly secular, but refers to all Hindu Gods, both Vedic and post Vedic gods. Among the goddesses Lakshmi , Durga , and Kali are mentioned but with Tamil names only. Uma is the only Goddess name used with Sanskrit name UMA (in Tamilized form UMAI). It shows that Kalidasa’s Kumarasambhava has made a big impact on Tamils and so they copied Uma from his book.
And this is not the only place. Even the description of Muruga/Skanda has many similarities ( I have written about it in articles on Skanda/Muruga)
–subham—
Tags- three mysteries, Kalidasa plays, Uma mystery, in Sangam Literature
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xxxx
PART 74
***
Pictures of 2500 Indian Stamps continued……………………
I have got 25,000 stamps with beautiful designs.
London Swaminathan has been collecting stamps for 65 years continuously.
In my London, stamp dealers would not touch Indian stamps because they are very dirty; but I would not blame India for it. If u collect stamps in India, it would be spoiled quickly because of the weather conditions. The same stamps can be preserved better in Britain because it is a cold place. But producing bad designed stamps is inexcusable.
***
VERY BAD STAMPS ON MAHABHARATA, FASHION.
THESE MINI SHEETS SHOW PEOPLE IN THE INDIAN POSTAL DEPARTMENT DON’T KNOW HISTORY, RELIGION, MAHABHARATA OR STAMP COLLECTING.
MAHABAHARATA STAMPS WOULD NOT BE UNDERSTOOD BY ANYONE BECAUSE EACH STAMP DON’T SAY WHAT IT IS.
MY MADURAI SETUPATI HIGH SCHIOOL TEACHER PSK USED TO CRITICISE BAD ,ILEGIBLE, DIRTY WRITING AS BEGGAR’S VOMIT.
MAHABHARATA STAMPS BELONG TO THAT CATEGORY.
THEY LOOK LIKE BEGGAR’S VOMIT.
FAHION STAMPS HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH INDIAN CULTURE. THE MINI SHEET iS SO BIG IT WOULD NOT FIT INTO ANY STAMP ALBUM IN THE WORLD. SOME MAD MAN MIGHT HAVE DESIGNED IT WHEN HE IS DRUNK.
IT SHOWS THE PEOPLE IN THE P & T HAVE NO KNOWLEDGE OF STAMP COLLECTING.
PUNISH THEM; TELL THE WORLD HOW MUCH YOU SPENT TO DESIGN THESE STAMPS.
***
DO YOU COLLECT INDIAN STAMPS?
I HAVE GOT 100 MINI SHEETS.
I HAVE GOT SPARE STAMPS .
–subham—
Tags- Indian stamps, MINI STAMPS, 25,000, PART 74, MAHABHARATA, VERY BAD STAMPS, FASHION, PERFUME
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
Madurai Meenaakshii Sundareswarar (Shiva ) temple is considered one of the wonders of the world. It is because it contains over 30,000 sculptures (stuccos) and paintings. The stone sculptures are carved with very great precision. A small mistake would have made the sculptor to restart the work again and work for many years. It had beautiful and tall towers during the visit of Tamil Miracle Boy Saint Tiru Gnana Sambandar around 600 CE. Sekkilzar of tenth century mentioned the tall towers in Peria Puranam; Sambandar mentioned just the towers. But the present structure has only one old tower built in 12th century by Sundara Pandya. Later Madurai Nayak Kings, particularly Tirumalai Nayak, and Nattukkotai Nagarathar Chettiyars added several towers and Mandapas/buildings.
The British took over the management of the temple when corruption was reported in the 18th century. There are several miracles of Goddess Meenakshi well documented in the temple records. Let us look at some miracles.
1
Peter Pandya alias Rous Peter
Rous Peter was the collector of Madurai between 1812 and 1828. He was a devotee of Madurai Goddess Meenakshi. He made lavish gifts to Madurai temple and Alagarkoil (Kalla Azakar) Vishnu temple. He was popularly called Peter Pandya. It is said that once he shot a wild elephant and it started attacking him. Immediately he prayed to Goddess Meenakshi and fired another shot which killed the elephant. This story appeared in print.
Another popular version is that one day he was sitting in his court hall and writing a judgement during rainy season. At that time a beautiful little girl appeared before him and asked him to come out of the building. Attracted by her charm he followed her , but she disappeared. As soon as he came out of the building, it collapsed. He realised that it was Goddess Herself came and saved his life twice. As a thanksgiving he donated some jewels to the temple, and they are still used on festival days.
2
Tirumalai Nayak (1623-1659)
Tirumalai Nayak renovated the temple completely during his reign. His wife constructed Ashtasakthi Mandapam. During his reign the beautiful Pudumandapam in front of the temple was built. He showed personal interest in the development of the temple. He revived the Sengol/ sceptre Festival. This meant he was only a servant of Goddess Meenakshi who gives her golden sceptre to him to rule Her country . Since Greek ambassador Megasthenes (3rd century BCE) mentioned the Pandya queen in his book Indica, this must have started 2300 years ago.
Rev. William Taylor has recorded Nayak’s personal involvement in the administration of the temple to weed out corruption. It reports a miracle. Goddess Meenakshi (Parvati, wife of Shiva) appeared in Nayak’s dream and told him there is no care for me. Very next day he called the temple administrator and told him quietly, “for the future we ourselves will piously undertake the anointing, the purveying of offering food (prasaadam) to God, the robing of the images with garlands and flowers, lighting of the sacred lamps and the whole of the daily duties throughout the temple”. He also donated lands yielding 12,000 pons (gold coins) every year for the administration of the temple.
Later, from the first day of the month Thai, Eswara year, on the Makara Sankaranthi Day, he handed charge over to one Paranetha Pandaram, the son of the hereditary female lamp-lighter of the temple. This is recorded in a translation by Rev William Taylor.
3
Early Miracle recorded in Temple Document
In 1365, Kumara Kampana Udayar, a prince of the Vijayanagara Empire, invaded Madurai in Tamil Nadu after conquering many kings on his way. He sounded the death knell of the Muslim Sultanate which ruled Madurai for half a century. Ibn Batuda, the African traveller, has recorded all the atrocities done to Hindus by the Muslim sultans. Though he was a Muslim he was disgusted by the sultans massacring Hindu women and Children; he has given a graphic account of incidents which he saw with his own eyes.
When Kumara Kampana entered Madurai with his wife Queen Ganga Devi (author of Madura Vijayam in Sanskrit) he saw a miracle. Nelson gives a graphic account of the reopening of the Meenakshi temple after the elimination of Sultans:
“Kampana Udayar was taken on an appointed day to witness the reopening of the Pagoda (temple) and on his entering and approaching the shrine for the purpose of looking upon the face of God. Lo! and behold! Everything was precisely in the same condition as when the temple was first shut 48 years ago. The lamp that was lighted on that day was still burning and the sandal wood powder, the garland of flowers and the ornaments usually placed before the idol on the morning of the festival day were found to be exactly as it is .
This is not Nelson’s words. This is written in the Temple Record book called Seethala Kurippedu in old Tamil. Nelson has given a brief translation. And such a record written in the temple never exaggerates nor tell lies.
4
Fourth Miracle
My father V Santanam, freedom fighter and News Editor, Dinamani, Madurai was part of the 1963 Kumbabishekam (consecration done every 12 years) of the Madurai Temple. Then Kumbaabishekams were done in 1974 and 2009. During the last Kumbabishekam there was a controversy about the Consecration Date. A section of the temple priests was not happy about the chosen date. But it was already announced publicly. There was a big embarrassment about changing the date. At last, all the parties concerned, agreed to leave it to Goddess Meenakshi to pass a final judgement. The modus operandi generally followed in such a dilemma, is to write YES and NO on paper bits and roll them out and put them in a pot. One from the audience of devotees is called at random, again by someone unconnected with this process, and asked to pick up ONE rolled paper bit. A little girl from the audience was called to pick up Yes or No paper bit on an auspicious day. To the surprise of all the girl picked YES paper bit. Then casually someone asked the girl her name, she said MY NAME IS MEENAAKSHI. Everyone was wonderstruck and had the hair stood on end (goosebumps, elation).
Miracles never stop. They do happen even today. My friend Siddhivinayakam on a casual telephone call from India told me how he named his baby daughter. When he was struggling with different names suggested by family members, he heard someone saying Meenakshi suddenly from unknown source. We call it Asariri, i.e. ‘not from human body’ or from an unseen person.
God Shiva and Goddess Meenakshi have been worshipped for at least 2300 years in Madurai temple. Now millions visit the temple every month.
–subham—
Tags- Madurai Temple, Goddess Meenakshi, Four miracles, Peter Pandya, Tirumalai Nayak, Kampana Udayar, Ganga Devi
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this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
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xxxx
Varaha Avatara in Udayagiri Caves, Gupta Period.
Kings of Gupta dynasty were great Hindus. Their rule is considered the Golden period of India. According to Chinese pilgrim and others, people slept leaving their house doors open. No theft, no robbery was reported; it was Rama Rajya. The kings called themselves Parama Bhagavatas, i.e. great followers of Lord Vishnu. But they donated liberally to all faiths. Their gold coins are in all museums of the world. British museum has displayed it at the entrance of the coin section.
Gupta inscriptions frequently depict and refer to various Hindu deities, particularly Vishnu and Lakshmi, alongside other gods and goddesses. The Gupta period saw a flourishing of Hindu art and iconography, solidifying the forms of many deities that are still recognized today. Vishnu is prominently featured, with inscriptions often associating Gupta rulers with him and emphasizing their role as his representatives on Earth.
Here’s a more detailed look:
• Vishnu:
Gupta rulers often identified themselves with Vishnu. For example, an inscription from Govindnagar, Mathura, refers to a pillar dedicated to Vishnu. Vishnu’s boar avatar, Varaha, is also depicted in the Udayagiri caves, showcasing his importance.
• Lakshmi:
The goddess Lakshmi, often associated with wealth and prosperity, is also frequently depicted in Gupta art and inscriptions. She is sometimes shown as Rajya-Lakshmi, associated with kingship and the coronation ritual, highlighting her role in legitimizing the ruler’s authority.
• Other Deities:
Besides Vishnu and Lakshmi, other deities found in Gupta inscriptions and art include:
• Karttikeya (Skanda Kumara, Mahasena): The god of war, often depicted with a peacock.
• Shiva: Depicted with his mount, Nandi, and associated with the Udayagiri caves.
• Brahma: The creator god, also found in the Udayagiri caves.
• Adityas, Agni, Vayu, Vasus, Rudras, Rishis: Various deities and sages from the Vedic tradition are also represented.
In the Gupta epigraphs, the exploits of a king equalled to those of Indra . it is seen in inscriptions of Samudra Gupta and Mathura stone inscription of Chandra Gupta. Tamils also called the king, Indra. Tolkappiam named Indra as King, Venthan in Tamil.
In the Kusana and Gupta sculptures, Varuna is represented as riding a crocodile and bearing a noose, pasa, of chastisement. He is also mentioned in the Mathura stone inscription. The Mathura pillar inscription of Chandragupta II is an important historical document from the Gupta period in ancient India. It records the installation of two Shiva Lingas by Udita Acharya in the “year 61 following the era of the Guptas”. This corresponds to approximately 380 CE, though some scholars like Harry Falk suggest a date of 388 CE. The inscription is found on a pillar in Mathura and is also known as the Lakulisa Mathura Pillar Inscription.
Neither Kalidasa nor Sangam Tamil poets mentioned the world Linga. But both have praised Linga shaped Kaliash. This shows Kalidasa lived before Sangam or Gupta age.
Kalidasa refers to the deity Surya having seven horses, all green in colour harnessed to his chariot—haridasva-Raghu 3-22.
Oldest Post- Vedic reference to Vishnu is in Panini’s Ashtadhyayi 4-3-98
An ambassador of the Indo Greek king Antialklidas named Heliodorus called himself bhagavata and erected a Garuda pillar in Besnagar in second century BCE.
Imperial Guptas called themselves Parama Bhagavatas according to Gadhwa stone inscription of Chandra Gupta II. Gupta coins also had the title paramabhagavatas.
This also shows Kalidasa lived long before the Guptas. A court poet always follows the state religion. But Kalidasa was associated with Vikramaditya of first century BCE and he praised Shiva sky high as Jagadguru in Kumarasambhavam and Parents of the Earth in Raghuvamsa.
A four armed Vishnu figure carved on a panel at Udayagiri is dated in the Gupta era 82, i.e. 400 CE.
Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudra Gupta mentioned Vishnugopa of Kanchi
****
Vishnu in Delhi Iron Pillar Inscription
The king in Delhi Iron Pillar is now generally identified with the Gupta King Chandragupta II. This identification is based on several points:
The script and the poetic style of the inscription, which point to a date in the late fourth or early fifth century CE: the Gupta period.
The inscription describes the king as a devotee of the God Vishnu, and records the erection of a dhvaja (“standard”, or pillar) of Vishnu, on a hill called Viṣṇupada (“hill of the footprint of Viṣṇu”). Other Gupta inscriptions also describe Chandragupta II as a Bhagavata (devotee of Vishnu). The names of the places mentioned in the inscription are also characteristic of the Gupta Era. For example, Dakṣiṇa Jalanidhi (the Indian Ocean) and Vaṅga (the Bengal region).
The short name ‘Candra’ is inscribed on the archer-type gold coins of Chandragupta II, while his full name and titles appear in a separate, circular legend on the coin.
A royal seal of Chandragupta’s wife Dhruvadevi contains the phrase Śrī Viṣṇupada-svāmī Nārāyaṇa (“Nārāyaṇa, the lord of the illustrious Viṣṇupada”).
***
Surya -Sun god
Kumara Gupta’s Mandasor stone inscription and Bandhuvarma mentioned the repairs to a sun temple.
Kalidasa mentioned Surya with the word Savita in Rtu Samhara. God Surya is in the Rig Veda where ten hymns are addressed to him . Adi Sankara made it as one of the six faiths (shan matha) of Hindus. It is called Sauram. Surya became Solar in European languages is a well-known fact.
The tradition preserved in the Bhavishya Purana that the first sun temple was built in Sindhu on the Chandrabhaga by Samba, , son of Krishna by Jambavati . she brought Maga priests from Sakadvipa. Varahamihira also mentioned that Maga- Sakadvipa Brahmanas should be appointed as priests in sun temples- Brhat Samhita 60-19.
Even today Sun cult is followed by millions of Brahmins in their daily ritual of Sandhyavandana and Surya Namaskar . And surya is associated with lord Vishnu in the Vedas.
Kalidasa refers to a temple containing an image of the Sun deity and mentions people returning from that shrine, at the feet of which, obviously the feet of the image, –paadamuulam—their attendance was required-Vik 5-4
A sun temple standing in Multan on the bank of the Chandrahaga river—chenab—was seen by Chinese pilgrim Huen Tsang. The same temple which was seen by Alberuni four hundred years later was destroyed by Aurangzeb in the 17th century. The temple built by Samba, Krishna’s son must have existed for thousands of years in Multan.
Gupta Kings and their Dates:
Gupta
(c. 240 – c. 280)
Ghatotkacha
(c. 280–319)
Chandragupta I
(c. 319–335)
Kacha
(c. 335)
Samudragupta
(c. 335–375)
(Ramagupta)
(c. 375)
Chandragupta II
(380–415)
Kumaragupta I
(415–455)
Skandagupta
(455–467)
Purugupta
(467–473)
Kumaragupta II
(473–476)
Budhagupta
(476–495)
Narasimhagupta
(495–530)
(Bhanugupta)
(c. 510)
Vainyagupta
(c. 507)
Kumaragupta III
(c. 530 – c. 540)
Vishnugupta
(540–550)
The Sanchi inscription of Chandragupta II is an epigraphic record documenting a donation to the Buddhist establishment at Sanchi in the reign of king Chandragupta II (circa CE 375–415). It is dated year 93 in the Gupta era.
Art historian C Sivaramamurty in his book EPIGRAPHICAL ECHOS OF KALIDASA gives a long list of inscriptions where influence of Kalidasa is very evident. He placed Kalidasa before the Gupta era, saying literature comes first and then paintings and sculptures follow it. Sangam Age poets also proved it correct by using 200++ imageries of Kalidasa in their poems.
–subham—
Tags- Gupta inscriptions, Hindu Gods, Delhi Iron Pillar, Allahabad, Mandasor, Mathura
The new Social Science books for Classes 6 to 8 are truly a delight. The Class 8 book is still not available on their site, but I have read Class 6 and 7 books and really loved them.
Here are some key takeaways
Read and enjoy!
Name of Bharat and Jambu Dweep
Books talk about ancient history of India from Rig Veda and Sapta Sindhu name
Chapter also gives reference of Vishnu Puran for the name Bharat.
Books talk about name of different parts of India came from Mahabharata and ancient history of India.
This part I actually didnt like which talks about origin of Indian civilization from Indus valley civilization 4000 years ago. I think Indian civilization is way older but right now its only established fact and we have to go by facts.
Veda
Book talks about Veda and Vedic Gods. Veda were composed 7000 years to 4000 years ago.
Upanishads
Books also talk about Upanishads and various stories mentioned in Upanishads.
There is a dedicated chapter related to cultural roots of India which talks about Hindu, Bodh and Jain culture.
There’s no mention of LGBTQ or the typical “my life, my rules” narrative. Instead, the book beautifully emphasizes the importance of the family system, even dedicating a separate chapter to it. Reading this chapter was truly a treat, especially with the lovely family photographs included.
What a subtle and thoughtful way to connect ancient Indian heritage with democracy- the chapter on democracy even begins with a quote from the Mahabharata.
Chapter of cities and states start from quote of The great Chanakya and not only in beginning but on many places the quotes of Chanakya and ancient Indian thinkers were given.
No oppressor oppressed Marxist propaganda
There is a chapter on Jati and Varna system and it beautifully talks about how caste system was evolved by paternal profession and how all these groups complimented each other and lived in harmony.
There are three dedicated chapters that talk about Indian Kings ruled from -300 BC to 1000 AD.
They cover almost all great Indian Kings who were always neglected in previous books.
This is truly the best chapter I found.
It beautifully explains the sacredness of the Indian land, emphasizing that India is not just a piece of land but a holy and revered place.
This chapter talks about sacred Teertha of India scattered all over in different parts of India.
This chapter also talks in detail about sacred Kumbha mela.
This chapter talks about how rivers and mountain of India are not just river and mountains, they are sacred places and origin of our culture.
Through out the chapter they presented beautiful shloka from Purans.
My followers know that I’ve always been a critic of the Modi govt when it comes to education, but I must admit, this change feels refreshing and beautiful. So far, I’ve read only Class 6 and 7 books, and I’m eagerly waiting for the Class 8 book, which covers the so-called “Dark Age” of India (the Mughal period).
As I get that book, I will share my review. I congratulate @EduMinOfIndia and @dpradhanbjp for these changes and request that this correction should not stop here and keep going.
(This article has been compiled from the tweet thread posted by @Starboy2079 on July 17, 2025, with minor edits to improve readability and conform to HinduPost style guide)
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Tamil and Vedas 
