Written by London Swaminathan

Post No. 16,201

Date uploaded in London – 15 September 2026

Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com

Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.

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tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com

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Points to be noted

The language of Tiru Valluvar in this chapter is from the Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita. No other religious book will match with his words.

Tho Tamil rhyme in 341 and 350 is beautiful and no translator brought that rhyme.

Most importantly Valluvar used PIRAPPU ARUKKUM = CUTTING BIRTH OR SAWING BIRTH பிறப்பறுக்கும் IS PURELY A SAIVITE CLICHÉ. (Kural 345 and 349)

Manikkavasagar has used this PIRAPPU ARUKKUM in his very first Sivapuranam  (in Tiruvasagam) verse umpteen times. Even Gnana Sambandar and Appar used it. But Valluvar is influenced by Manikavasagar.

We in London University and others like Professor Vaiyapuri Pillai placed Valluvar in fifth century CE. When we installed Valluvar statue at SOAS in London University, we sent the invitation showing him as the fifth century poet. Manika Vasagar also lived around that time. Who influenced who is subject to guess. Valluvar used Sanskrit words in more than 500 Kurals which also show his date.

பிறப்பறுக்கும் PIRAPPU ARUKKUM = CUTTING off BIRTH placed him nearer to Saivite Bhakti poets. In the first ten couplets of the book Tiruk Kural, he saluted Gods Feet in seven couplets . No one else used that (Paada Namskaram) except Hindus.

Kural 346 used AHAM KARAM – ‘I’ ness and MAMAKARAM –‘Mine’ness  which is Upanishadic language

Gita slokas 3-7, 2-71 match very well with this chapter.

The rhyme in the last couplet can be compared to the rhyme in Gita 4-24

ब्रह्मार्पणं ब्रह्म हविर्ब्रह्माग्नौ ब्रह्मणा हुतम् ।
ब्रह्मैव तेन गन्तव्यं ब्रह्मकर्मसमाधिना ॥ 4-24॥

brahmārpaṇaṁ brahma havir brahmāgnau brahmaṇā hutam
brahmaiva tena gantavyaṁ brahma-karma-samādhinā

or

upanishadic  Mantra

ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णमिदं पूर्णात्पूर्णमुदच्यते ।
पूर्णस्य पूर्णमादाय पूर्णमेवावशिष्यते ॥
ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ॥
Om Puurnnam-Adah Puurnnam-Idam Puurnnaat-Puurnnam-Udacyate |
Puurnnasya Puurnnam-Aadaaya Puurnnam-Eva-Avashissyate ||
Om Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih ||

Valluvar’s rhyme in Tamil

Patruka Patratran Patrinai ApPatraip

Patruka Patru Vidarku

Probably he copied Upanishad or Gita.

***

Go to Project Madurai website for all Tamil books; it is free and trouble free. No advertisements; no cookies!

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Following Translations are used:

1.A Aranganatha Mudaliyar – ANM+2 ( B.L. Aranganatha iyer and R. Srinivasa Desikan), Year 1933

2.S M Diaz, I G of Police- SMD, Year 2000

3.Rev.Dr.GU Pope – GUP, Year 1886

4.Suddhananda Bharathiyar- SB

5.EVS Publishers, Singapore- EVS, Year 1986

6.H A Popley – HAP (not full book; only selected couplets) Year 1931

7.Tamil Original

****

Part 53- Kural Chapter 35-Renunciation- துறவு

341.Freedom from all thraldoms of desire is alone rea freedom from all shapes of grief that arise from desire-A Aranganatha Mudaliyar – ANM+2 ( B.L. Aranganatha iyer and R. Srinivasa Desikan), Year 1933

***

341.When you detach yourself from things of the world one by one,

Each step will be a relatively painless process -S M Diaz, I G of Police – SMD, Year 2000

***

341
From whatever, aye, whatever, man gets free,
From what, aye, from that, no more of pain hath he!
Whatever thing, a man has renounced, by that thing; he cannot suffer pain- Rev.Dr.GU Pope – GUP, Year 1886

***

341.From what from what a man is free
From that, from that his torments flee.- Suddhananda Bharathiyar- SB     

***

341.A man who suffers no misery whatsoever from the desire of  which he has freed himself.-EVS Publishers, Singapore- EVS, Year 1986

***

341.Whatever whatever a man gives up,

By that, by that he hath no further pain- HAP (not full book; only selected couplets) Year 1931

***
341. யாதனின் யாதனின் நீங்கியான் நோதல்
அதனின் அதனின் இலன்

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342.If you want to realize the joy within you, become a sanyasin bold even in the bright season of your youth: for out of renunciation streams out endless delight here below– ANM+2

***

342.If you seek to experience the real joys of renunciation even in this world,

You should renounce all worldly attachments in time– SMD

***
342
‘Renunciation’ made- ev’n here true pleasures men acquire;
‘Renounce’ while time is yet, if to those pleasures you aspire.
After a man has renounced (all things), there will still be many things in this world (which he may enjoy); if he should desire them, let him, while it is time abandon. (the world). – GUP

***

342.Give up all to gain the True
And endless joys shall hence seek you.       —SB     

***

342.The pleasures which result from the renunciation of the world are many. Therefore if on wishes to enjoy these pleasures on should renounce the world in good time .EVS

***

342. வேண்டின்உண் டாகத் துறக்க துறந்தபின்
ஈண்டுஇயற் பால பல
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343.Oh ye who seek truth, show no quarter, trample under your heels all the desires of the senses and renounce all that have been a possession and a passion unto you– ANM+2

***

343.The essence of renunciation is the scorching of the five senses and their experiences,

As well as the eschewing of all desires at the same time– SMD

***

343
‘Perceptions of the five’ must all expire;-
Relinquished in its order each desire
Let the five senses be destroyed; and at the same time, let everything be abandoned that (the ascetic) has (formerly) desired. – GUP

***

343.Curb the senses five and renounce
The craving desires all at once.     —SB      343

***

343.Those who set their heart on salvation should renounce the enjoyment of the sense pleasures, and at the same time give up all possessions acquired for such enjoyment.-EVS

***

343. அடல்வேண்டும் ஐந்தன் புலத்தை விடல்வேண்டும்
வேண்டிய எல்லாம் ஒருங்கு
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344.To be rid of all belongings is the law of the older monks: for even the vestige of a worldly possession drags back the unfettered spirit into very dust and delusion– ANM+2

***

344.True penance demands total dispossession of oneself;

Even a single exception will lead to delusion– SMD

***

344
‘Privation absolute’ is penance true;
‘Possession’ brings bewilderment anew.
To be altogether destitute is the proper condition of those who perform austerities; if they possess anything, it will change (their resolution) and bring them back to their confused state. – GUP

***

344.To have nothing is law of vows
Having the least deludes and snares.      —SB     

***

344.Having no worldly possessions is conducive to asceticism. The possession of anything tends to cause illusion and ends one’s asceticism. – EVS

***

344. இயல்பாகும் நோன்பிற்கொன்று இன்மை உடைமை
மயலாகும் மற்றும் பெயர்த்து.
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345.Even the body is an encumbrance to a great heart that desires to lay the axe at the root of endless births not to talk of the other bonds of life– ANM+2

***

345.For one, who seeks release from the chain of births, body itself is a burden,

What then is the idea of other attachment? – SMD

***
345
To those who sev’rance seek from being’s varied strife,
Flesh is burthen sore; what then other bonds of life?
What means the addition of other things those who are attempting to cut off (future) births, when even their body is too much (for them). – GUP

***

345.Why add to bonds while this body
Is too much for saints to be birth-free.      —SB          
***

345.If the body itself is regarded as a burden by those striving to free  themselves from birth, how can they have any other  worldly attachments.-EVS

***

345. மற்றும் தொடர்ப்பாடு எவன்கொல் பிறப்பறுக்கல்
உற்றார்க்கு உடம்பும் மிகை
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346.He enters a region greater than the world of the gods who shatters the feelings of I and Mine which spring from overweening pride and vanity – ANM+2

***

346.He who overcomes the pride of ego and possessions,

 Will directly attain Godliness– SMD

***

346
Who kills conceit that utters ‘I’ and ‘mine’,
Shall enter realms above the powers divine.
He who destroys the pride which says “I”, “mine” will enter a world which is difficult even to the Gods to attain. – GUP

***

346.Who curbs the pride of I and mine
Gets a world rare for gods to gain–SB          

***

346.He who renounces the egoism of I and mine  shall attain the highest heavenly bliss rare of attainment even by the gods-.EVS

***

346.He who destroys this pride  of  I and mine

Will gain sure entrance to  the realm above the gods- HAP (not full book; only selected couplets) Year 1931

***

346. யான்எனது என்னும் செருக்குஅறுப்பான் வானோர்க்கு
உயர்ந்த உலகம் புகும்

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347. Sorrow seizes the heart that does not shake off its attachments to the world– ANM+2

***

347.Pain and grief hold in relentless grip the man,

Who clings to the things of the world– SMD

***

347
Who cling to things that cling and eager clasp,
Griefs cling to them with unrelaxing grasp.
Sorrows will never let go their hold of those who give not up their hold of desire. – GUP

***

347.Grief clings on and on to those
Who cling to bonds without release–SB         

***

347.Misery will never relax its hold on those who cling to their desires-.EVS Publishers

***

347. பற்றி விடாஅ இடும்பைகள் பற்றினைப்
பற்றி விடாஅ தவர்க்கு

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348.He enters the far-off shining city of God, who abandons all; but the rest pine away caught in the noose of endless births and deaths– ANM+2

***

348.Those who have renounced in full, attain salvation;

The rest are ensnared in delusions– SMD

***

348
Who thoroughly ‘renounce’ on highest height are set;
The rest bewildered, lie entangled in the net.
Those who have entirely renounced (all things and all desire) have obtained (absorption into God); all others wander in confusion, entangled in the net of (many) births. – GUP

***

348.Who renounce all are free from care
Others suffer delusive snare.        —SB          

***

348.Only those who have wholly renounced this world shall attain salvation. The others will be entrapped in  illusion and the consequent  bondage of births –.EVS

***

348. தலைப்பட்டார் தீரத் துறந்தார் மயங்கி
வலைப்பட்டார் மற்றை யவர்

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349.Man cleaves asunder the bonds of life, the moment he forsakes the world; but others are whirled about from age to age in the purposeless eddies of life– ANM+2

***

349.Final release comes only to those who have severed all bonds;

All else linger in this impermanent world – SMD

***

349
When that which clings falls off, severed is being’s tie;
All else will then be seen as instability.
At the moment in which desire has been abandoned, (other) births will be cut off; when that has not been done, instability will be seen.– GUP

***

349.Bondage cut off, rebirth is off
The world then seems instable stuff–SB          

***

349.Only when one renounces the two-fold desires can one overcome births. otherwise, one will be subject to the rotation of births and deaths caused by desires –.EVS

***

349. பற்றற்ற கண்ணே பிறப்பறுக்கும் மற்று
நிலையாமை காணப் படும்

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350.Take refuge in the unfettered indwelling spirit of the Lord and hold fast to it with hoops of steel in order that your own fetters  may be hacked to pieces– ANM+2

***

350.The only attachment that will help to sever all other bonds and attachments,

Is the attachment to the Lord, who is the boundless source of all things– SMD

***

350
Cling thou to that which He, to Whom nought clings, hath bid thee cling,
Cling to that bond, to get thee free from every clinging thing.
Desire the desire of Him who is without desire; in order to renounce desire, desire that desire. – GUP

***

350.Bind Thyself to the unbound one
That binding breaks all bonds anon–SB          

***

350.Pursue the path of salvation enjoined on you by God, who though immanent in all, remains detached, so that you may renounce all worldly desires-.EVS Publishers, Singapore

***

350.Hold fast to Him  who need no hold;

Hold fast that Hold, and you will be free from other hold – HAP

***
350. பற்றுக பற்றற்றான் பற்றினை அப்பற்றைப்
பற்றுக பற்று விடற்கு

—subham—

Tags-Tirukkural Encyclopaedia, Chapter 35, Renunciation , துறவு, part 53