Written by London Swaminathan

Post No. 16,209

Date uploaded in London – 18 September 2026

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Purananuru wonders-66; Tamil Encyclopaedia 106, One Thousand Interesting Facts -Part 106

Let us take one more book from Eight Anthologies (Ettuth Thokai) in Sangam Tamil Literature. It is called Pathitrup Paththu in Tamil meaning 10 X 10 songs= 100. It is an anthology, dealing with all about ancient mysterious Kerala (Chera Nadu). Many of their customs are not known in other parts of Tami Nadu. This ancient land of Tamils has created a new language called Malayalam. That itself shows it is very different from other Tamil areas. But Malayalam is the closest language to modern Tamil. Malayalam is noting but a mixture of pure Tamil and pure Sanskrit with nasal accent. strangest thing is Sanskrit is studied by the lowest castes and mastered! This book is full of mysteries. The biggest mystery is a famous poet and his wife disappeared after a Yaga (Hindu Fire Ceremony). The Yaga was performed at his request who wanted to go to heaven!(probably like Trin Shanku with his own human body)! Unfortunately two of the ten songs are missing in the book. We have very interesting details about a Chera king punishing the Yavanas (Roman pirates from Italy). At last they cried and gave diamonds and gold to Chera king and got their release. And that gold and diamonds were given to poets!

In his book ‘The Eight Anthologies’, John Ralston Marr gives detailed information about the pathikams and the poems.  He identifies the rivers, forests, kingdoms, kings and towns indicated in the poems.

Poems 11 – 20 were written by poet Kumattūr Kannanār for King Imayavarampan Nedunchēralāthan, son of King Uthiyan Chēral and Queen Nallini.  This king is said to have defeated the Aryans and Yavanas and carved a bow–emblem on the Himalayas.

Poems 21 – 30 were written by poet Pālai Kouthamanār for King Palyānai Selkelu Kuttuvan, the younger brother of Imayavarampan Nedunchēralāthan.

Poems 31 – 40 were written by poet Kāppiyatru Kāppiyanār for King Kalangāykanni Nārmudichēral, son of Imayavarampan Nedunchēralāthan and his queen, daughter of king Pathuman.

Poems 41 – 50 were written by poet Paranar for King Kadal Pirakōttiya Chenguttuvan, son of Imayavarampan Nedunchēralāthan and the daughter of Manakkilli, a Chōzha king.  King Chenguttuvan was a contemporary of Gajabāhu of Sri Lanka (A.D. 180).

Poems 51 – 60 were written by poetess Kākkai Pādiniyār Nachellaiyār for king Ādukotpāttu Chēralāthan, son of Imayavarampan Nedunchēralāthan and his queen, a daughter of a Velāvi king.

The above five kings belonged to the Chēral Uthiyan clan.

Poems 61 – 70 were written by poet Kapilar for King Selvakadungō Vāzhiyāthan, son of King Chēran Anthuvan.

Poems 71 – 80 were written by poet Arisil Kizhār for King Perunchēral Irumporai, son of King Selvakadungo Vāzhiyāthan and his queen, daughter of Velāvi king Pathuman.  This king was the victor of Thakadūr. He was the greatest of the Uthiyan kings.

Poems 81 – 90 were written by poet Perunkundrūr Kizhār for King Ilanchēral Irumporai, son of King Perunchēral Irumporai and Princess Anthuvan Chellai.

The above three kings belonged to the Irumporai clan.  Both clans were related through marriages.

Let us look at the wonders. Because the first song (or book ) is missing we go to Number Two song.

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item 911 -Himalayas to Tamil Nadu

Poems 11 – 20 were written by Brahmin poet Kumattūr Kannanār for King Imayavarampan Nedunchēralāthan, son of King Uthiyan Chēral and Queen Nallini.  This king is said to have defeated the Aryans and Yavanas and carved a bow–emblem on the Himalayas.

There is prayer to God. It is about Lord Siva. பதிற்றுப்பத்து கடவுள் வாழ்த்து

Prayer song is taken from most famous Tamil commentator Nachchinarkiniyar. It may not be part of Pathitruppaththu. All the qualities attributed to Lord Siva is in one beautiful verse.

The first wonder is King Imayavarampan Nedunchēralāthan ruled for 58 years, according to Pathikam attached to it. He went upto the Himalayas and carved his bow symbol on it. He made cultured Aryan kings salute him. His mother was Mrs Nallini; his father was Uthiyan Cheral.

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item 912- Punished Yavana Rouges

He arrested the harsh worded Yavanas, tied their hands behind, poured oil on their head; to release them he got precious gold and diamonds and distributed them to others. Commentators interpreted others as poets, bards, dancers and army commanders.

Two points must be noted here: when the poet described Yananas negative words are used. whenAryas mentioned appreciatory words are added. Second point is he distributed Yavana gold and diamonds to others. He did not add them to his treasury. Yavanas were the Italian pirates who did bad things in the western sea what we call now as Arabian sea, a misnomer!

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item 913- Lord Skanda Muruka and Chera King- lines 1-15

Lord Murugan (Skanda/ Kartikeyan) destroyed Sura Padman, a demon. This story is enacted on the shores of Tiru Chendur coast on Skanda Sashti day every year. Million Hindus assemble there to worship Lord Murugan. So we see 2000 years continuity in Hindu beleifs.

All Tamil Kings had Trees as totem symbols. Lord Muruga is said to have cut the Mango tree of demon Sura Padman.

In the same way Chera King cut down the Kadampa tree in the island in the Arabian sea. He used the tree to make a war drum

The pirates were occupying one of the islands of Arabian sea and were robbing all the gold ladden ships.

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Map of Chera Nadu (Kerala)

item 914- Beautiful Himalayas with Aryan Sages and Dreaming Deer

Here comes beautiful lines which explode the myth that British united India. Now and then we see some comments by Hollywood and Kollywood idiots saying British united India. From Mahabharata to Sangam Tamil literature we see repeated words Himalayas to Kanyakumari ruled or controlled by a king. Here we see it in lines 17-25

Aryan= Sages; not the racial meaning given by Foreign Gangs.

Here the poet described the dream of Kavari Deer or Yaks. I have already explained Hindus are the one who repeatedly talked about animal dreams. Now western magazines are WRITING RESEARCH ARTICLES!! As if they have discovered something new! Sangam Tamil literature, Tamil epics and Tamil Bhakti literature have hundreds of dreams.

All the Himalayan descriptions in the early strata of Purananuru and Pathitru Pathu are copied from the first ten stnzas of Kalidasa’s Kumara Sambhava.

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item 915- Blood Changed the colour of the sea Red!

Like him, you struck your enemies with your blood-tipped
sword, and slaughtered them to pieces on battlefields.
Blood from wounds your sword caused flowed into the
sapphire- colored, dark backwaters, the color changing to
that of saffron dye.

We know this as an exaggeration. But the same thing said about Charmanvati river (Chambal river) on the banks of which King Ranti Deva performing Yagas with animal sacrifice, and river water turning blood red, was used by idiots .

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Cheran  Senguttuvan on March

item 916- Mars and Venus-

Line 25 is about the old belief of Hindus about the position of planet Venus.

Venus does not run toward Mars, rains fall without
fail in the lands where they are needed and when they are
needed

The movement of Venus as seen from earth is always noted. Here poet says if Venus moves too close to planet Mars there will be drought. In 2021 and 2015 both Venus and mars were seen close to one another from earth. Though they are millions of miles away, we see them close. More research has to be done by Hindus to see how correct they are.

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item 917- Unwoven Clothes- Silk-

The kings munificence towards the bards and dancers were explained in many words. King gave them goat meat, rice, toddy, golden ornaments and clothes not woven in the normal way (from cotton). It is silk. From this we know the poverty of the bards and the wealthy life style of the cities. Silk clothes were made from the silk worms. Poet has coined a new word Noolaak Kalingam நூலாக் கலிங்கம்in Tamil.

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Statue of  Yavana

item 918- Mysterious Akkuran!

In the verse 14 the king is compared to five elements and stars and planets. He is not measurable like these elements and heavenly bodies. This comparison with planes five elements is in Manu Smriti and Valmiki Ramayana . அக்குரன் அனைய கைவண்மையையே;

The king is praised as generous as Akkuran. No details of that philanthropist are available in Hindu scriptures. Karna of Mahabharata is the greatest philanthropist in Hindu literature.

In the Mahabharata and Bhagavata Purana, Akrura is a Yadava prince and the maternal uncle of Lord Krishna. He is famously known for his righteousness and for driving the chariot that brought Krishna and Balarama to Mathura. Note the difference in spellings.

Tags – Purananuru wonders-66, Tamil Encyclopaedia 106, One Thousand Interesting Facts -Part 106, Item 918, Akkuran, Yavana