Date uploaded in Kumbakonam, India – 10 March 2026
Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
Like Kanchipuram, Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu is also dotted with several Vishnu and Shiva temples. They are called Temple Towns; only difference is Kanchi has Jain temples as well. In Kanchi one can see more Pallava influence and in Kumbakonam one can see more Choza influence.
The Vishnu temples I visited on 5-3-2026, are Bow Holder Temple (Sarangapani) and Wheel Holder Temple (Chakrapani). They are sung by Alvars, Tamil Vaishnavite saints and dated 1200 to 1500 years old. Both the temples have some unique features.
Vishnu has five weapons in his hands.
Vanamali Gadi Sarangi Shanki Chakri Cha Nandaki Shriman Narayano Vishnur Vasudevo Bhirakshatu.
वनमाली गदी शार्ङ्गी शङ्खी चक्री च नन्दकी।
श्रीमान् नारायणो विष्णुर्वासुदेवोऽभिरक्षतु॥
Vanamali (वनमाली): One who wears the Vanamala, a divine garland made of forest flowers (Vaijayanti), representing the subtler elements of nature.
Gadi (गदी): The bearer of the mace named Kaumodaki;
Sharngi (शार्ङ्गी): The wielder of the Sharnga bow;
conch (Shankhi), discus (Chakri), and sword (Nandaki).
Lord Narayana, who is adorned with these divine weapons and symbols, including the conch (Shankhi), discus (Chakri), and sword (Nandaki). It is chanted for safety and to remove obstacles.
Let us first visit Sarngapani (saarngapaani) Sarngam is the bow and Paani in Sanskrit is Hand.
The Sarangapani Temple is a 1000 year old Hindu temple in dedicated to Lord Vishnu, who is depicted holding the sharanga (bow). It is one of the 108 Divya Desams and a significant Pancharanga Kshetram located on the Kaveri River bank. It features unique chariot-shaped architecture and legends.
Situated in Kumbakonam, this temple is revered in the Nalayira Divya Prabandham by seven Alvars (poet-saints).
Architecture: The main sanctum is designed like a chariot (Ratha) pulled by elephants and horses, featuring intricate carvings from the Chola and Nayak periods.
Deity: Lord Sarangapani is in a reclining posture (Bhujanga sayanam) on the chariot bed.
Legends: The temple is associated with Sage Hemarishi, who did penance to have Lakshmi as his daughter, and it is a Pancha Kshethram where Goddess Lakshmi was born as Bhargavi.
Key Spots: Includes the Pathala Srinivasan sanctum (underground) and the Mettu Srinivasan (above ground) sanctum.
Festivals: The temple celebrates major festivals, including the chariot festival (Rathotsavam).
Lakshmi emerged from the Potramarai tank among thousand lotuses and was thus named Komalavalli (the one who emerged from lotus). Vishnu descended to earth as Aravamudhan in a chariot drawn by horses and elephants from his abode Vaikuntam.He stayed in the nearby Someswaran Temple to convince Lakshmi to marry him and the couple eventually got married. The temple follows Pancharatra Agama and Vadakalai tradition.
Tallest tower
The Sarangapani Temple dates back to the Pallava era; however, the existing edifice is linked to the Vikrama Chola period, beginning in 1121 AD. Its importance grew significantly during the reigns of the Vijayanagara and Nayaka dynasties from the 15th to the 17th centuries, which saw considerable expansion of the temple’s structure
A notable highlight of the Sarangapani Temple is its main entrance, the rajagopuram, which rises to a height of 173 feet and consists of eleven tiers. This structure is the tallest temple tower in Kumbakonam and ranks as the third tallest gopuram among the Divya Desams, following Srirangam (236 feet) and Srivilliputhur (192 feet).
Trial Run of the New Chariot
Trial run of the New Ratha/ Chariot of Sarngapani
Is taking place on 13-3-2026. This is one of the biggest chariots of Tamil temples.
Height – 60 feet; Weight 500 Tons;
Chariot’s horses and other figures are made up of papier mache and bamboo. It will be used next Chitrai month . Thousands of people will pull it using 300 metre long huge rope.
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Chakrapani temple
All the Shiva and Vishnu temples are in walking distance. Chakrapani temple is unique in many respects.
In the Chakrapani Temple, Lord Vishnu appears in the form of a discus or Chakra to put down the pride of Surya, who subsequently became his devotee. Like Lord Shiva, Lord Chakrapani has a third eye on his forehead.
Lord Vishnu appears as the fiery Sudarshana Chakra with eight arms and a third eye, resembling Lord Shiva to subdue Surya’s pride. It is known for its “Bhaskara Kshetram” where the Sun God worships the deity. Bhaskra means Sun/Surya.
Picture shows Sun God worshipping Chakrapani.
Unique Deity Form: Lord Chakrapani is depicted not as a human avatar but as the radiant, Sudarshana Chakra (wheel ) housed in a central sanctum.
Third Eye & Eight Arms: Unlike typical Vishnu forms, this idol has eight arms holding weapons and a third eye on the forehead, similar to Lord Shiva.
Bilva leaves are used here instead of Tulsi.
Sun Worship (Bhaskara Kshetram): Legend holds that the Sun God (Surya) worshipped the Chakra here to regain his lost brilliance, making it a prominent place for Sun worship.
Architecture & Entrances: The temple has a five-tiered Raja Gopuram and features two entrances—”Thatchinaya Vayil” and “Utharavana Vayil”—and an outer Prakara built like a balcony.
Historical Significance: A bronze statue of the Maratha King Serfoji II is present, as he is said to have been cured of a severe illness by the deity.
Important Rituals: It is one of the five Vishnu temples involved in the Mahamaham festival, with major, unique celebrations including the, Thirumanjanam (holy bath) and special, worship during Masi Magam.
Pancha Mukha Hanuman: The temple complex contains an idol of the five-faced Hanuman.
The temple is also known for, being a place where worshippers, pray for relief, from, physical, or, mental, illnesses.
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As per Hindu legend, Chakra (also called Sudarshana), is the most powerful weapon of god Vishnu. He once sent his weapon to nether world to kill king Jalandasura. The weapon is believed to have come out of the nether world through river Kaveri. God Brahma, installed the image of Sudarshana in the place where the temple is now located. Surya, the Sun god, who was glowing in brilliance, had his brightness diminished by the effulgent Sudarshana. Surya worshipped Sudarshana and pleased by his devotion, Sudarshana restored all the powers of Surya. He worshiped Chakrathazhwar (personified Wheel or Discuss) during Masi Magam and every year Masi Magam festival is celebrated during the day, commemorating the event. The temple car is drawn around the streets of the temple during the day.
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
About sixty years ago, we used to travel from Madurai to Vaitheeswaran Koil to worship our family deity Shiva. There Lord Shiva is called Mr Doctor (In Sanskrit Vaidyanathan) . He is doctor for the diseases our body catches as well as the disease of birth and death. And we used to stay in our uncle’s house at Mayavaram, also known as Mayuram, Mailaduthurai ; in fact Mayiladuthurai is the name used by the Thevaram saints. Since the God Mayuranathar is sung by Appar/Tirunavukkarasar and his junior Gnana Sambandar the place is well known for at least 1400 years.
When we stay at our uncle’s house we used to go to the temple and spend much time sitting in the Prakara (corridor) discussing various matters. I visited the temple again on 5-3-2026.
The temple at Mayuram (Mayura in Sanskrit is Mayil in Tamil meaning peacock) has a story.
Goddess Parvati went to her father Daksha’s Yagna (Fire sacrifice) uninvited. Daksha invited all but not Shiva. He didn’t bother; but when he insulted Parvati she fell in the Yagna fire and sacrificed herself. Shiva became angry and sent Virabhadra to destroy all the people in the Yagna Hall. At the same time Shiva cursed even his own wife for not obeying to his instruction. She was cursed to become a peacock (peahen)and she worshipped Shiva at this place to get out of the curse.
Several inscriptions in the temple show the donations made by Choza , Pandya and Vijayanagara kings. So the temple has a long history.
Salient features of the Mayiladuthurai Temple are:
It is on the southern banks of the River Kaveri. Every Aippasi month (one of the 12 Tamil months) thousands of people take holy dip in the river in the early morning. At that time, it is as holy as Ganga and the town is as holy as Kasi (Varanasi/Benares). The 30 day holy bath (Thula Snanam) concludes in the first day of next month called Kartikai.
God Shiva appears in the form of Swayambu Linga here. Goddess is called Abhayambikai. In the same temple there is a shrine called Adi Mayuranathar shrine where Goddess is in peacock form.
The statuesof planet Saturn (Sani) and goddess Durga in the temple have unique features. Sani has Flame (fire) head; Durga has demons at her feet.
Nataraja here did Gauri Tandava. The tower is 165 feet tall and it is a nine storeyed tower.
Lord Ganapati is called Agastya Vinayaka. All the popular Hindu Gods have shrines in the temple. There is a tank attached to the temple.
· Architecture: Originally from the 7th century, it was significantly built/expanded by the Cholas (11th century).
· Mythology: Legend says Goddess Parvati worshipped Shiva here in the form of a peacock (Mayur).
· Location: Situated in the heart of Mayiladuthurai town, Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu.
· Important Festivals: The “Thula Utsavam” in the Tamil month of Aippasi (October-November) is a major event.
· Address: Mayuranathar Colony, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu – 609001.
In the 14th century, Tamil poet Arunagirinathar composed a Tiruppugaz song on the deity Murugan, in this temple. The shrine is managed by Thiruvavaduthurai adheenam.
It is about 256 km (159 mi) southeast of Chennai, the state capital. The nearest railway station is Mayiladuthurai railway junction 2 km (1.2 mi) from the temple.
The temple is a huge temple and one needs an hour or less to complete the round.
Date uploaded in Sydney, Australia – 26 February 2026
Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
xxxx
ஆங்கில எழுத்து K- ல் துவங்கும் சொற்கள்
Words beginning with “K”. (Tamil Version will be posted tomorrow)
Kalidasa (kaalidaasa)
Kalidasa is widely considered to be the greatest Indian poet and playwright of all time. He wrote in Sanskrit. There are seven works written by him-two epic poems, two shorter poems and three plays. They are 1.Raghu Vamsa (dynasty of Raghu),2.Kumara Sambhava (Birth of Kumara, 3.Megha Duta (Cloud Messenger),4.Ritu Samhara (Cluster of Sesons), 5.Malavikagnimitram (Malavika and Agnimitra),6.Abijnana Shakuntala (The recognition of Shakuntala) and 7.Vikramorvasiya (Urvasi won by valour).His master piece was Shakuntala.
The age of Kalidasa has been debated for long. He could have lived anytime between 2nd century BC and 4th Century AD. Though the western scholars have placed him in the period of Gupta dynasty, Indians believe that he lived in the time of the great Indian King Vikramaditya who started his own Vikrama era in 56 BCE. Kalidasa was one of the Nine Jewels (Navaratna) of Vikramaditya’s court.
My research into Tamil Cankam (also known as Sangam) literature shows that Kalidasa lived sometime before the birth of Christ. Tamil poets have used a lot of his similes. Kalidasa was most famous for his apt similes. The Sanskrit poets praised him as Upama Kalidasasya: ( Kalidasa owns similes).Tamil poets have used lot of common Indian/ Hindu beliefs. The source may be different ancient Indian works. But there are very clear indications to show that the poets have got them from Kalidasa’s works. There are over 200 similarities between the works of Kalidasa and the Sangam Tamil works. No one can reject them as coincidences or of pan Indian origin.
Seven Books—40,000 words—93 commentaries for three of his works—he beat Shakespeare in writing poetry+ dramas+ Epics+ stotras (Shyamaladandakam) and usage of similes. He covered the history of 29 kings in Raghuvamsam. He used 1250 similes! He gives a description of a vast geographical area from Iran to Indonesia! He called the Himalayas “the measuring rod of earth” even before George Everest told the world the height of Everest Peak!!! An amazing poet the world has ever produced. First poet to write a travelogue called Meghadutam in Sanskrit and first poet to report the progress o South West Monsoon from South India to Himalayas.
First poet to link Pandyas and Agastya, which is the foundation of Tamil History.
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Kalpa
Kalpa (कल्प) refers to “one day in the life of Lord Brahmā. It is equivalent to one thousand catur-yugas. Each catur-yuga is one cycle of the four yugas: Satya, Dvāpara, Tretā and Kali, totalling 4,320,000,000 years.
It signifies a period of creation, duration, and destruction of the universe.
One of the six Vedāṅgas, i. e. that which lays down the ritual and prescribes rules for ceremonial and sacrificial acts; शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणम् (śikṣā kalpo vyākaraṇam) Muṇdtod; 1.1.5 see under वेदाङ्ग (vedāṅga).
The doctrine of poisons and antidotes.
One of the trees of paradise; cf. कल्पद्रुम (kalpadruma).
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Kalpakavriksa- Wish fulfilling tree
Kalpavṛkṣa (कल्पवृक्ष).—A tree in Devaloka. It has the power of giving any object that one wishes to get. There are five Kalpavṛkṣas in Devaloka. Their names are: Mandāra, Pārijāta, Santāna, Kalpavṛkṣa and Haricandana.
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Kama (kaama)
Wish, desire; this Sanskrit word is used throughout ancient Tamil literature.
Kāma means desire, wish, longing in Indian literature. Kāma often connotes sexual desire and longing in contemporary literature, but the concept more broadly refers to any desire, wish, passion, longing, pleasure of the senses, the aesthetic enjoyment of life, affection, or love, with or without sexual connotations.
Love or desire of sensual enjoyments, considered as one of the ends of life (puruṣārtha); cf. अर्थ (artha) and अर्थकाम (arthakāma).
Dharama, Artha, Kama, Moksha are the four values that Hindus should aim for.
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Kama – God of Love
Kama is the God of Love and Lust. He is also referred to as Manamatha. He is the most handsome among both men and Gods. He is equivalent to the Greek/Roman Cupid. He uses a bow of sugarcane, and shoots flower tipped arrows at humans to make them fall in love. He is married to Rati, one of the daugters of Daksha.
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Kāmaśāstra (कामशास्त्र) refers to the “science of erotics”.
Kamasutra
Kāmasūtra (कामसूत्र).—
Name of an erotic work by Vātsyāyana.
First book on sex in the world. Vatsyayana wrote it in Sanskrit. First book in the world which prescribed educational syllabus for women.
“ A woman should study even before reaching adolescence, and then, once married should continue her studies with her husband.” ( Sutra 2, Chapter 3, Kamasutra of Vatsyayana)
Vatsyayana, the Brahmin author of Kamasutra listed all the 64 arts that a woman should learn. Tamil and Sanskrit poets referred to this 64 arts in their poems. Goddess Sarasvati is the source of those 64 subjects.
Kāmasūtra (कामसूत्र) (lit. “principles of love”’) is an ancient Indian Sanskrit text on sexuality, eroticism and emotional fulfillment in life.—The Kāmasūtra is a Sūtra-genre text with terse aphoristic verses that have survived into the modern era with different bhāṣyas (exposition and commentaries). The Kāmasūtra acknowledges the Hindu concept of Puruṣārthas, and lists desire, sexuality, and emotional fulfilment as one of the proper goals of life. Its chapters discuss methods for courtship, training in the arts to be socially engaging, finding a partner, flirting, maintaining power in a married life, when and how to commit adultery, sexual positions, and other topics.
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Kamadhenu- Wish fulfilling Cow
Kamadhenu is the wish fulfilling cow. The picture and statues of Kamadhenu are in Hindu houses and temples.
It refers to the “celestial cow” also known as Surabhi (सुरभि Surabhī).
Kamadhenu, the divine “cow of plenty” originating from the Churning of the Ocean, is revered as a symbol of abundance and divinity with the power to fulfil desires. According to tradition, she is depicted with various divine attributes, serves as a protective force for sages, and is worshipped for prosperity and to bring good luck to homes and businesses
Kāmadhenu (कामधेनु) was the mythical cow of Vasiṣṭha which satisfies all desires, cow of plenty (= surabhi).
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Karma
“Karma” (Sanskrit: कर्म) primarily means action, work, or deed, acting as the fundamental spiritual principle of cause and effect in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It governs the moral law of actions, shaping future destiny, rebirth, and experiences, often categorized into Sanchita (accumulated), Prarabdha (fruiting), and Agamya or Kriyamana (current).
Karma (कर्म) refers to “action”, “deed”.—1) any action or deed; 2) the principle of cause and effect; 3) a consequence or “fruit of action” (karmaphala) or “after effect” (uttaraphala), which sooner or later returns upon the doer. What we sow, we shall reap in this or future lives. Selfish, hateful acts (pāpakarma or kukarma) will bring suffering. Benevolent actions (puṇya-karma or sukarma) will bring loving reaction.
Karma is three fold:—sañcita,prārabda, kriyamāṇa (or āgāmi)
Also any religious act or rite (as sacrifice, oblation etc., [especially] as originating in the hope of future recompense.
Karman (कर्मन्).—[neuter] action, deed, work, [especially] holy work, sacrifice, rite; result, effect; organ of sense; the direct object ([grammar]); fate, destiny.
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Karmendriya
Karmendriya (कर्मेन्द्रिय):—[from karma > karman] n. an organ of action (five in number like the five organs of sense, viz. hand, foot, larynx/ogan of voice, organ of generation, and excretion).
The Five Faculties of Action (Karmendriya):
vak-tattva: speech (voice)
pani-tattva: grasping (hands)
pada-tattva: walking (feet)
payu-tattva: excretion (anus)
upastha-tattva: procreation (genitals)
Speaking, Grasping, Moving About, Excreting and Sexual Activities are the Soul’s Powers of responding to and interacting with, the external World.
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Karta
Karta (Sanskrit: कर्ता, kartā) primarily refers to the “doer,” “agent,” or “creator” of an action. It is a term deeply rooted in Indian philosophy, grammar, and traditional law, representing the individual responsible for bringing about change or taking initiative.
It is a foundational concept in Indian philosophy, grammar, and art, embodying initiative and responsibility.
Sanskrit Grammar (Vyakarana): Karta is the agent or subject of an action.
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Khadira
Khadira (खदिर)—Sanskrit word for a plant (Acacia catechu).
Khadira (खदिर) is mentioned frequently from the Rigveda1 onwards as a tree with hard wood—the Acacia catechu. The Aśvattha is referred to as engrafting itself upon it in the Atharvaveda, and from it the climbing plant Arundhatī is said to have sprung.
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Kavya (kaavya)
Kāvya (काव्य).
A poem; महाकाव्यम् (mahākāvyam); मेघदूतं नाम काव्यम् (meghadūtaṃ nāma kāvyam) . Poetics, poetry, a poetical composition
Mahākāvya (महाकाव्य):—the Raghu-vaṃśa, Kumārasambhava and Megha-dūta by Kālidāsa, the Śiśupāla-vadha by Māgha, the Kirātārjunīya by Bhāravi and the Naiṣadha-carita by Śrī-harṣa; [according to] to some the Bhaṭṭi-kāvya is also a Mahakavya.
In Tamil Five Great Epics (Tamil: Aimperumkāppiyaṅkaḷ) are:
Karakam, or Karagaattam, is a traditional, ancient folk dance from Tamil Nadu, India, performed to honour the rain goddess Mariamman. It features dancers balancing decorated pots (karakam) on their heads while performing intricate movements, acrobatics, and sometimes balancing on a rolling wooden block.
Though associated with religious festivals, nowadays they are part of cultural and political processions.
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Kavadi (kaavadi)
This semi-circular decorated canopy supported with wooden cross-pieces is called a kavadi, meaning ‘burden’ or ‘load’.
A kavadi is a ceremonial, often ornate, wooden or metal arch decorated with peacock feathers, flowers, and photos of Hindu deities, carried by devotees of Lord Murugan as an act of penance, gratitude, or devotion, during the Thaipusam and other Murugan (Skanda/Kartikeya) festivals. It represents a “burden” or sacrifice, often involving fasting, rituals, and sometimes body piercings with hooks or skewers, particularly in Malaysia, Singapore, and Tamil Nadu.
Devotees carry the kavadi to fulfill vows, seek blessings for health or success, or express gratitude to Lord Murugan, the Hindu god of war and wisdom.
Types of Kavadi:
Paal Kavadi: A simple, less painful offering involving pots of milk (paal) carried on a wooden pole.
Alagu Kavadi: A more complex, heavy structure often attached to the body via hooks and spikes piercing the skin (alagu means small spears).
Sangili Kavadi: Involves dragging heavy chariot or metal structures via chains attached to the body.
During the procession, devotees often enter a trance-like state, facilitated by the rhythmic, loud, and intense drumming (urumi melam) and chanting of “Vel Vel” (referring to Lord Murugan’s spear).
In Malaysia, devotees often ascend 272 steps to the shrine in the Batu Caves during Thaipusam. Other famous Murugan temples are also on hills. They also climb the steps.
Gangajal taken in Kavadi poles
TO BE CONTINED……………….
–SUBHAM—
TAGS- Karakam, Kavadi, Kalpa, Kalidasa, HINDU DICTIONARY IN ENGLISH AND TAMIL – 39, இந்து மத கலைச்சொல் அகராதி-39
Date uploaded in Sydney, Australia – 18 February 2026
Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
ஆங்கில எழுத்து I- ல் துவங்கும் சொற்கள்
Words beginning with “I ”. English version was posted yesterday.
Here is the Tamil Version
Human sacrifice in Indus valley
இந்திரன்
உலகின் மிகப்பழைய நூலான ரிக் வேதத்தில் இந்திரன் என்னும் கடவுளே அதிகம் போற்றப்படுகிறார் ; ஆனால் இது ஒரே கடவுளைக் குறிப்பது அல்ல; தலைவன் , எல்லோரையும் வழி நடத்துவோன் என்னும் பொருளில் வருகிறது பறவைகளில் பெரியவன் ககேந்திரன்; மிருகங்களின் தலைவன் – ம்ருகேந்திரன்/சிங்கம், யானைகளின் தலைவன் கஜேந்திரன் ; மனிதர்களில் சிறந்தவன் – நரேந்திரன் ; இந்தியாவின் முதல் ஜனாதிபதி ராஜேந்திரன் (பிரசாத்).
ரிக்வேதத்தில் 250 துதிகள் இந்திரன் மீதுள்ளன; மேலும் 50 துதிகளில் வேறு தெய்வங்களுடன் இந்திரன் பெயர் வருகிறது ரிக்வேதத்தில் உள்ள மொத்த துதிகள் 1,028 ; இவைகளில் 25 சதவிகிதத்தை இந்திரன் எடுத்துக்கொள்கிறார்.
மிகவும் பலம் உடையவன், வீரன் என்ற பொருளில் வரும் இந்திரன், விருத்திரன் முதலிய முப்பது அசுரர்களைக் கொள்கிறான். இவைகளில் பல ஆட்கள் அல்ல; இயற்கை சக்திகள் ; உதாரணமாக வான வில்லை இந்திர தனுஷ் என்பார்கள்.
தேவர்களைக் காப்பதால் தேவேந்திரன் என்றும் பெயர்; திசைகளில் கிழக்கு திசையின் அதிபதி; அவனுடைய ஆயுதம் வஜ்ராயுதம்; மனைவி- இந்திராணி/ சசி; மகன்- ஜயந்தன்
புராணக்கதை
கெளதம ரிஷியின் மனைவியான அஹல்யாவை இந்திரன் மானபங்கப்படுத்தியதால் அவரது உடலில் ஆயிரம் குறிகளை ஏற்படுத்தும்படி சாபம் இடுகிறார் ரிஷி; பின்னர் இறைவனை வேண்டி அவைகளைக் கண்களாக மாற்றியதாக சம்பந்தர் முதலியோர் தேவாரப்பாடல்களில் பாடியுள்ளனர்; தமிழிலும் கண்ணாயிரம் என்றபெயர் உண்டு.
சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் இந்திரன்
தொல்காப்பியம் என்னும் பழைய நூல் இந்திரனையும் வருணனையும் தமிழர்களின் தெய்வம் என்று கூறுகிறது; வேந்தன் என்ற பெயரில் அவரைத் தமிழர்கள் குறிப்பிடுகிறார்கள்; சங்க இலக்கியத்திலும் திருக்குறளிலும் இந்திரன் என்ற கடவுள் பல இடங்களில் வருகிறார். புத்தரும் தம்மபத்தில் இந்திரனைப் போற்றுகிறார்.
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இந்திரா விழா
மழை பெய்வதற்காக ஆண்டு தோறும் இந்திரவிழாவைக் கொண்டாடுவார்கள்; கடைசி நாளில் இந்திரத் த்வசம்/ கொடி உள்ள கம்பத்தைச் சாய்ப்பார்கள்; இதை ராமாயணத்தில் உவமையாகப் பயன்படுத்துகிறார் வால்மீகி. இந்திர விழாவை தமிழ் காவியங்களான சிலப்பதிகாரம் மணிமேகலை நூல்களிலும் காணலாம்.
தென் கிழக்கு ஆசிய நாடுகளில் இந்திர விழா இன்றும் தண்ணீர் விழா WATER FESTIVAL என்ற பெயர்களில் நடைபெறுகிறது; ஆசியா முழுதும் இந்திரனின் பெயர்களை இன்றுவரை மக்கள் ஆண் குழந்தைகளுக்குச் சூட்டுகிறார்கள்; மன்னர்களின் பெயர்களில் இந்திரன் அதிகம் வருகிறார். நேபாள நாட்டில் இப்போதும் இந்திரவிழாவைக் கொண்டாடுகிறார்கள்.
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ஐராவதம்
இந்திரனின் யானையின் பெயர் ; தமிழ்நாட்டில் இந்தப்பெயரை ஆண்களுக்கும் சூட்டுகிறார்கள் ;ஐராவதநல்லூர் போன்ற ஊர்ப் பெயர்களும் இருக்கின்றன. தென் கிழக்கு ஆசிய நாடுகளில் தெருச் சந்திப்புகளிலும், பூங்காக்களிலும் தபால் தலை களிலும் நான்கு தலைகள் அல்லது நான்கு தந்தங்களுடன் ஐராவதம் உருவம் உள்ளது.
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இல்வலன்
வாதாபியும் அவனுடைய சகோதரன் இல்வலனும் மனித மாமிசம் உண்ணும் அரக்கர்கள்; பிராமண ரிஷிகளுக்கு வாதாபியை வெட்டி சமைத்துப் போடுவார்கள் . அவர்கள் சாப்பிட்டவுடன் வாதாபி வெளியே வா என்று இல்வலன் கூவுவான். பிராமண ரிஷிகளின் வயிறு கிழிய அவன் வெளியே வருவான். அப்படிப்பட்ட வாதாபியை அகத்தியர் தன்னுடைய வயிற்றைத் தடவி வாதாபி ஜீர்ணோ பவ என்று சொல்லி அவனை ஜீரணம் செய்தார் . இல்வலனும் அழிந்தான்.
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ஈஸ்வர
சிவனின் பெயர்; கடவுள் என்ற பொதுப் பெயரில் ஏனைய கடவுளுக்கும் பொருந்தும். சிவ பெருமானுடைய பெயர்களில் பின்னொட்டுகளாக ஈஸ்வர வரும்; உ-ம் சுந்தரேஸ்வரர், மஹேஸ்வரன், சோமேஸ்வரன், த்ரயம்பகேஸ்வரன், ராமேஸ்வரன்.
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இஷ்டதேவதா
ஒருவர் மிகவும் விருப்பப்பட்டு வணங்கும் தெய்வம் ; சிலருக்கு பிள்ளையாரையும் சிலருக்குப் பெருமாளையும் பிடிக்கலாம். பெரும்பாலும் எல்லோரும் குடும்பத்துக்குரிய குல தெய்வத்தை இப்படி இஷ்ட தேவதையாகக் கருதுவார்கள் .
இண்டஸ் வேலி INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
என்னும் சிந்து சமவெளி நாகரீகம்
சுமார் நூறு ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்னர் மொஹன்சதாரோ ஹரப்பா என்னும் (பாகிஸ்தான்) நகரங்களில் பெரிய நாகரீகம் கண்டுபிடிக்கப்பட்டதால் இப்பெயரை வெள்ளைக்காரர்கள் சூட்டினார்கள்; ஆனால் இப்போது இது கங்கை- யமுனை நதிக்கரை வரையிலும் குஜராத், ராஜஸ்தான் வரையிலும் 2500 இடங்களில் காணப்படுவதால் இந்தப் பெயர் பொருந்தாது; மேலும் சிந்துவுக்கு முந்திய சரஸ்வதி நதி தீர விஞ்ஞான ஆராய்ச்சி முடிவுகள் அந்த நதியையும் இத்தோடு தொடர்பு படுத்துகிறது. மார்ட்டிமர் வீலர், மக்கே சார் ஜான் மார்ஷல் Sir John Marshall: Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) ,Mortimer Wheeler: Excavated Harappa and Mohenjo-daro in the 1940s, Mackay போன்ற ஆராய்ச்சியாளர்கள் அவசரப்பட்டு உளறினார்கள். இதனால் இந்த நாகரிக ஆய்வுகள் திசை மாறிப்போய் இன்று வரை எழுத்துக்களைப் படிக்க முடியாத அவல நிலை ஏற்பட்டுள்ளது.
ஐம்பதுக்கும் மேலான ஆராய்ச்சியாளர்கள் வெவ்வேறு மொழிகளில் எழுத்துக்களைப் படித்தும் விளக்கியும் மக்களைக் குழப்பத்தில் ஆழ்த்திவிட்டார்கள் .
ஆரியர்கள் தாக்கியதால் அழிந்தது; திராவிடர்கள் பயந்து ஓடிவிட்டார்கள் என்று உளறிய வெள்ளைத் தோல் ஆராய்ச்சியாளர்கள் ஆரியர்களின் குதிரைகளையோ, இரும்பு ஆயுதங்களையோ காட்ட முடியாமல் பேந்தப் பேந்த முழிக்கிறார்கள்! ; ஆண்குறி போல இருப்பது சிவலிங்கம் என்றும் மிருகங்கள் சூழ்ந்த உருவம் பசுபதி என்றும் உளறியவர்கள் நர பலி, புலி ராணி, பேய் முத்திரைகள், ஏழு பெண்கள் , நாகராணி, சுவஸ்திகா சின்னங்களுக்கு விளக்கம் சொல்ல முடியாமல் திணறுகிறார்கள் தற்கால ஆராய்ச்சியாளர்கள், இந்த உளறல் பேர்வழிகளுக்குத் தக்க பதிலடி கொடுத்து வாயை மூடி இருக்கிறார்கள். திராவிட அரசியல்வாதிகள் மட்டும் இது தமிழர் நாகரீகமே என்று சொல்லி நான் பிடித்த முயலுக்கு மூன்றே கால்கள் என்று சொல்லி எல்லோரையும் நகைக்க வைக்கிறார்கள் . கிடைத்த எலும்புக்கூடுகள் எதிலும் திராவிடGENE மரபணுவும் இல்லை; திராவிடகுட்டை உருவமும், திராவிடபோண்டா மூக்கும் இல்லை. இதுவரை சிந்து சமவெளி மொழியைப் படிக்க ஒரு தமிழனாலும் முடியவில்லை. ஹீராஸ் பாதிரியார் போன்றோர் சொன்ன விளக்கங்கள் எல்லோரையும் விழுந்து விழுந்து சிரிக்க வைக்கிறது . அஸ்கோ பர்போலா எழுதிய மிக அருமையான புஸ்தகத்தில் நமது காலத்தில் யாரும் இந்த எழுத்தைப் படிக்க முடியாது என்றே தோன்றுகிறது என்று சொல்லி முடித்துவிட்டார் .
இதன் காலம் 2500 BCE to 1700 BCE
எத்தனை பேர் இது தமிழ் மொழி எழுத்து என்று சாதித்தார்களோ அத்தனை பேர் இது சம்ஸ்க்ருத எழுத்து என்றும் சாதித்து இருக்கிறார்கள் ; எத்தனை பேர் இது திராவிட நாகரீகம் என்று சத்தியம் செய்தார்களோ அத்தனை பேர் இது ஆரிய நாகரீகம் என்றும் சத்தியம் செய்கிறார்கள்!
புதிருக்கு இன்று வரை விடை இல்லை. சிந்து வெளி புஸ்தகங்களைப் படித்தால் மண்டை குழம்பும்; அல்லது நல்ல நல்ல ‘ஜோக்’குகள் கிடைக்கும்!!
முதலில் ஆராய்ச்சி செய்த வெள்ளை முட்டாள்கள், எது எந்த இடத்தில் PROVENANCE , எந்த மட்டத்தில் கிடைத்தது என்று எழுதாததால் அவர்களுக்கு தற்கால ஆராய்ச்சியாளர்கள் முட்டாள் பட்டம் சூட்டுகிறார்கள்.
Neither John Marshal, Director General of Archaeology nor Mackay nor Vats (later excavators) gave any information about the places, layers in their reports.
Later, on examination G.F.Dales did find that Wheeler has misread the archaeological evidence. Neither they belonged to one and the same stratigraphical context nor were there proof of any massacre of Dravidians. Most of the skeletons positively showed that the persons were actually drowned in severe and sudden flood in the river Indus.. K.M Srivatsava aptly remarks “ Indra, therefore ,stands completely exonerated”.
BB Lal says 50 major sites are on Indus river where as 177 early and 283 mature Harappan sites are on the banks of dried Saraswati river that existed before 1700 BC !
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ஐயர் , ஐயங்கார்
தமிழ்நாட்டிலும் அருகாமை இடங்களிலும் பிராமணர்களுக்கு ஐயர் , ஐயங்கார் என்ற பின்னொட்டு surname suffix இருக்கும் .
உ-ம் பால கிருஷ்ண ஐயங்கார் , சாமிநாத அய்யர்.
ஆர்ய என்றால் கற்றவர் , பாண்பாடு உடையவர், உயர்ந்தோரென்று பொருள்; இது பிராக்ருதத்ததில் அஜ்ஜ என்று மருவி தமிழில் அய்யர் என்று மாறியது. பெரும்பாலும் விபூதி பூசும் சைவர்கள் இப்படி தங்களை அழைத்துக்கொண்டார்கள்; அவர்களிலிருந்து வேறுபடுத்திக் காட்டுவதற்காகப் பெருமாளை வணங்கும் வைஷ்ணவ பிராமணர்கள் கார் என்ற உயர்வுப் பெயரைச் சேர்த்துக்கொண்டு அய்யங்கார் ஆனார்கள்; இப்பொழுதும் தெலுங்கில் பெரியவர்களுக்கு காரு அடைமொழி உண்டு .
சைவர்களாகிய தமிழ் நாட்டுப் பிராமணர்களில் வடமா, பிரஹத்சரணம், அஷ்டஸஹஸ்ரம் முதலிய பிரிவுகள் உண்டு.
அதேபோல வைவ்ணவர்களில் தென் கலை, வடகலை, செல்லுர் அய்யங்கார் பிரிவுகள் உண்டு.
தென்கலைப் பிரிவினர் ஆங்கில எழுத்து ஒய் Y போல நாமம் இட்டுக்கொள்வார்கள்; தமிழ் மொழிப் பாஸுரங்களைப் பாடுவார்கள். வடகலைப் பிரிவினர் ஆங்கில எழுத்து யு U போல நாமம் இட்டுக்கொள்வார்கள் ; சம்ஸ்க்ருத மொழி துதிகளைப் போற்றுவார்கள்.
To be continued ………………………..
Tags- HINDU DICTIONARY IN ENGLISH AND TAMIL-34; இந்துமத கலைச்சொல் அகராதி-34, இந்திரன், சிந்துவெளி நாகரீகம், அய்யர் , அய்யங்கார்
Date uploaded in Sydney, Australia – 14 February 2026
Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
Ancient Tamil Encyclopaedia -Part 51; One Thousand Interesting Facts -Part 51
Item 355
Ships as big as Elephants
In Puram verse 26 poet Mankudi Kizaar compared ships in the Tamil Navy to the elephants in the Tamil battle field. If one expands one’s imagination one can imagine how big the Tamil Naval ships were.
Item 356 Secret of Monsoon Wind
Tamils used the wind force to sail their ships. Since they knew the direction and the force of the monsoon winds, they were able to go from the Ganges to up to Indonesia and Philippines. Hindus knew this trick from the time of Ramayana. Surphanakha and Ravana were able to sail up to Godavari river. Mahavamsam clearly explains how the Buddhist preachers used monsoon winds to come to Patna (Pataliputra) and waited for a few months to use the returning monsoon winds to go back to Sri Lanka. One Tamil idiot Ippalan (Hippalus) taught this trick to Westerners and enabled Persian king Darius and Greek King Alexander to invade India.
***
Item 357 Battle Field = Oven Simile
Tamil poets used one simile at least in five Sangam poems
They compared the battle field to cooking in the oven. Here the poet says Pandya king Nedunchezian’s battled field looked like
Heads of Enemy kings = Oven
Enemy Hands= Ladles
Enemy Blood = Water in the Cooking Pot.
***
Item 358 Great Supporter of the For Vedas
Though the poet sang abut the victorious battle, he did not forget to mention that the king was a great supporter of Vedic Brahmins who were well versed in the Four Vedas- Rik, Yajur, Sama and Atharvana Veda.
The reference to Four Vedas is sung by the poets from Tolkappiar times. Tolkappiam got the approval from the Acharya of Tiruvithankotu who was well versed in Four Vedas. Panamparanar gave us this information to us in the Foreword to Tolkappiam.
***
Item 359 Enemies were Lucky
Poet makes a sarcastic remark that the king’s enemies must have done some penance to be killed by him. Hindus believe that Kamsa, Sisupala, Ravana, Hiranyakasipu, Vali, Kabandhan were lucky to be killed by Vishnu. They go to heaven directly. And the fact is their names will survive as long as Vishnu’s name survive.
Nedunchelian defeated Two Kings and five chieftains. Their names also survive until this day.
***
Puranānūru 26, Poet Mānkudi Maruthanār sang to Thalaiyālankānathu Cheruvendra Nedunchezhiyan,
1 Lifting your spear with a shining blade, you went on your elephant into the wide battlefield, splitting the enemy army like a ship a ship driven by the wind in the
huge, ocean with great depths, attacked and killed your enemy kings, and with fame, seized their royal drums.
2
Using crowned heads as stoves, you boiled their blood, stirring it with their braceleted hands you used as ladles. O Chezhiyan of murderous battles! You did perfect ritual
3 offerings in battlefields, surrounded by Brahmins of the four Vedas, calm with the breadth of their knowledge.
4
O Ruler whose sword never fails! Your enemies have certainly performed penances, for once they have won the fame of being your enemies, even though they are not victorious, they will live forever.
***
புறநானூறு26, பாடியவர்: மாங்குடி மருதனார், பாடப்பட்டோன்: பாண்டியன் தலையாலங்கானத்துச் செருவென்ற நெடுஞ்செழியன், திணை: வாகை, துறை: அரச வாகை
1 நளி கடல் இருங்குட்டத்து வளி புடைத்த கலம் போலக், களிறு சென்று களன் அகற்றவும், களன் அகற்றிய வியல் ஆங்கண் ஒளிறு இலைய எஃகு ஏந்தி, 5 அரைசு பட அமர் உழக்கி, உரை செல முரசு வெளவி
ஆன்ற கேள்வி அடங்கிய கொள்கை நான்மறை முதல்வர் சுற்றமாக, மன்னர் ஏவல் செய்ய மன்னிய வேள்வி முற்றிய வாய்வாள் வேந்தே! 15
4 நோற்றோர் மன்ற நின் பகைவர் நின்னொடு மாற்றார் என்னும் பெயர் பெற்று ஆற்றார் ஆயினும் ஆண்டு வாழ்வோரே.
****
Item 360
In Puram verse 27, poet Poet Uraiyur Muthukannan Sāthanār translated Sanskrit word Satapatra Lotus as as 100 petalled flower (lotus)
சேற்று வளர் தாமரை பயந்த, ஒண் கேழ் நூற்றிதழ் அலரின் நிறை கண்டன்ன,
Śatapatrayoni (शतपत्रयोनि) is a Sanskrit term that refers to an epithet of Brahman (the creator god in Hinduism).
Meaning: It signifies one who has the “hundred-petaled” (lotus) as their source or origin.
***
Item 361 Visa Free Entry to Heaven
Hindus believe that those who live like great men praised by great poets enter into heaven. No Visa is required; Valluvar beautifully said that why Hindus believe all the Avatars and all the Saivite saints are called Gods. Arunagirinathar has Sung Saivaite saint Sambandhar is Lord Muruga himself.
He who on earth has lived in the conjugal state as he should live, will be placed among the Gods who dwell in heaven- Tirukkural Couplet 50
உலகத்தில் வாழவேண்டிய அறநெறியில் நின்று வாழ்கிறவன், வானுலகத்தில் உள்ள தெய்வமாகவே மதிக்கப்படுவான்.
This is also a reference to Kannaki and Kovalan sung by Ilango.
Here the poet says
I have heard that those whose fame is sung by poets gain chariots that fly in the sky without charioteers.
***
Item 362 Aeronautics in Tamil
The reference to Pilotless Plane shows the advancement of Hindus in Aeronautics. Valmiki Ramayana show that Rama’s plane (Originally belonged to Kubera and seized by Ravana later) was fast and expandable and thought powered. Only now we see such Drones and pilotless planes and driverless cars in the Western world.
Kannaki and Kovalan went to heaven by pilotless plane.
***
Item 363 Lesson from Moon
Oriental religions only believe in rebirth and Sangam literature never knew the Abrahamic religions. Sangam Tamil poems explain only Hindu way of life.
Rebirth is in Bhagavad Gita and Bhajagonindam and the poet explains it with the waxing and waning moon.
The moon god that roams above shows clearly even to those who don’t understand that waning is true, waxing is true, dying is true and being born is true.
Great Philosopher Adi Sankara said it in Bhaja Govindam
पुनरपि जननं पुनरपि मरणं
पुनरपि जननी जठरे शयनम् |
इह संसारे बहु दुस्तारे
कृपयाऽपारे पाहि मुरारे ‖22 ‖
punarapi jananaṃ punarapi maraṇaṃ
punarapi jananī jaṭhare śayanam |
iha saṃsāre bahu dustāre
kṛpayā’pāre pāhi murāre ‖ 22 ‖
Birth again, death again, again resting in the mother’s womb! It is indeed hard to cross this boundless ocean of saṁsāra (cycle of repeated birth and death). O Murāri! by your causeless mercy please protect me (from this transmigratory process)
Before Sankara, Lord Krishna said it Bhagavad Gita
जातस्य हि ध्रुवो मृत्युर्ध्रुवं जन्म मृतस्य च |
तस्मादपरिहार्येऽर्थे न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि || 27||
jātasya hi dhruvo mṛityur dhruvaṁ janma mṛitasya cha
tasmād aparihārye ’rthe na tvaṁ śhochitum arhasi
Translation
BG 2.27: Death is certain for one who has been born, and rebirth is inevitable for one who has died. Therefore, you should not lament over the inevitable.
***
Item 364 Poet’s Advice to the king
Even if they have talents or not, please shower your graces rapidly on those who come with sorrow,
This is one of the 32 Virtuous acts explained in Hindu scriptures.
Annadhanam Pictures
AMAZING LIST OF 32 GOOD ACTIVITIES IN HINDU SCRIPTURES (Post No.7687)
March 13, 2020 9:37 am
Written by London Swaminathan
Post No.7687
Date uploaded in London – 13 March 2020
meritorious activities. Though the lists have a few changes in different texts most of them are same.
Here is the list of 32 good things with some examples:-
1.Setting up Maternity Homes
2.Providing Pre-Natal and Ante-Natal care for women
(Maternity care is provided in every culture around the world; but no one has listed it as one of the duties or as a meritorious work)
3.Piercing Ears of the Young born babies
4.Providing them Ear Studs
(Hindus have been practising acupuncture for thousands of years. I have already written how the grand old celibate of Mahabharata Bhisma lived on Arrow Bed for two months and decided the date of his departure from the earth. Hindus found out that piercing the ears in early years and wearing gold studs or at least a wooden stick will open the wisdom nerves. For women an extra piercing of nose is done when they reach teen age)
5.Giving Milk to Children
(Now we send milk powder to famine affected or economically backward countries. In the olden days provision of milk is listed as one of the 32 Dharmas (duty which earns merits).
6.Constructing Choultries
(From the period of Asoka till the Muslim and British occupation of India ,Hindu kings constructed Free Boarding and Lodging facilities for travellers, particularly pilgrims. My home town Madurai was famous for Mangamma Chattiram (choultry) very near Railway Station. About 100 years ago everyone stayed free of cost in the huge building with 100s of rooms. Very near that was a Marwari Choultry for people travelling to Rameswaram and Kanyakumari. I myself have taken 100s of pilgrims for Free lodging during the Opening Ceremony of Vivekananda Rock Memorial in Kanyakumari. Several Tamil towns still bear the suffix Chattiram/Choultry in Tamil Nadu until this day reminding us of the golden days of free lodging and free boarding service)
7.Constructing Mutts
Mutts are religious centres with one religious head where Tamil or Sanskrit hymns are taught. They provided free hostel stay for students. Like the Christian parish, each Mutt has its own catchment area.
8.Pillars for Cows
Hindus’ greatest contribution to the world is domestication of cows and horses (and Decimal System). They worshipped Cow as goddess. So they constructed pillars to cows where they can rub their bodies to relive itching. And in such places water tanks provided continuous water supply for cows, horses and birds.
9.Setting up brothels
The needs of amorous men should not affect common men. To save the family women and teenage girls, Hindus provided (or allowed) separate places for Devadasis. Sangam Tamil Literature provides the pictures of Paraththai Cheris (Para Stree became ‘Paraththai’ in Tamil and Prostitute in English; cheri is locality)
10.Provision of Dhobis/ Laundry Service
11.Provision of Barbers
Both these services were available free of cost for mendicants and ascetics. Others supported them by giving money or all the provisions for their families.
12.Provision of Mirrors
(When Hindu women celebrate some auspicious events in their houses they always invite young and teenage girls and provide them mirrors, combs and Kunkumam. So provision of mirrors is considered one of the good things. Till this day women are doing it during Navaratri, Durga Puja and several other women only events)
13.Water Distribution from Thatched Sheds
(From Mahabharata Sallian to Apputhi Adikal of Periya Purana in Tamil, we see people setting up water distribution sheds to provide good, clean and sweet water to everyone. Even today during Hindu festivals , hundreds of such thatched sheds are constructed to distribute water, butter milk (diluted Yogurt) and Panakam (sweet liquid with jaggery, cardamom and other spices. In a tropical country like India pilgrims desperately need this. Hindus follow this custom even in London ; during Tamil Temple festivals, Hindus distribute water bottles, juice cartons and butter milk.)
14.Help to have oil bath
(India is a tropical country lashed out by two monsoons. Therefore, dust is unavoidable. Every Hindu man is supposed to have an oil bath on Saturdays and every woman on Fridays. They apply gingelly oil or coconut oil with or without herbs and take a bath. This relives the body of dirt and pain. So provision of such service to poor people is considered a great act of merit. In Madurai there was a freedom fighter(A V Vaidhyanatha Iyer) who used to provide such service to children of slum dwellers. Now a days the concept and habit of oil bath is disappearing with the advent of shampoo culture.)
15.Fodder to animals and Food for Birds
(Every Hindu is supposed to do Pancha Yagna / Five Sacrifices every day and one of them is Bhuta Yagna. That is to feed the pet animals, cow and birds in the vicinity and ants in the ground. Every housewife draws beautiful Kolams in the front of the house every morning. The Kolam/ Rangoli flour they use feed the ants. Then they cook rice and provide it to the crows. Others sprinkle grains for the birds. Feeding cows is a ritual for orthodox Hindus)
16.Cremating Dead Bodies
(If anyone who has no relatives dies, one or two take the responsibility of cremating the body with all due honours. Though it is a hard job, every town had some gooid people who did such work without expecting any money.)
17.Constructing Tanks, Lakes
(India is an agricultural country. Water is needed for irrigation. So kings constructed tanks and lakes in temples and outside the town. It helped irrigating the temple Parks called Nandavanams. It maintained the water table in every well at the back of the house. Now wells are replaced by taps. But yet tanks and lakes are needed for saving water. The town council maintain them. Sometimes they themselves construct them).
18.Saving Life
(Every day we read in news papers some stories where some people save the life of others. They become great heroes. If they survive then they get medals. Saving life is appreciated in every culture. In Tamil Nadu and neighbouring states every region has some Hero Stones for the heroes who saved the town from some dangers. Hindu epics and Puranas have lot of stories about saving even animals. Story of Sibi is in 2000 year old Sangam Tamil literature and earlier Puranas.)
19.Giving Eatables/Anna Dhanam
Providing sweets and other unavailable eatables to poor children is a good deed. During Deepavali (Diwali) sweets are distributed. Annadhanam , that is provision of food, is done in every temple.
20.Provision of Betel, Areca Nuts and Lime
Chewing betel leaves and Supari smeared with calcium hydroxide is a typical South Asian custom. This is considered one of the good things.
21.Helping the needy
It may be in the form of providing them food, attire, shoes/sheppals, specs, money. May even include psychological consultation. Consoling the bereaved.
22.Setting up Parks
Ancient Hindu literature, particularly, Buddhist Jataka Tales, give graphic accounts of big parks. Every South Indian Temple has attached Parks/ Nandavanam. People enjoyed going there. They served as rendez vous for lovers according to Sanskrit dramas. Hindus are environmentally conscious and allocated one particular tree for every temple.
23.Constructing Temples
India has over two lakh temples. Tamil Nadu alone has 45, 000 temples. They are huge architectural wonders. They serve the spiritual, religious, psychological, wander lust needs of Hindus.
24.Provision of Medicines
Jains of India set up hospitals even for birds and animals. All service is given free. We read from inscriptions that hospitals were also constructed by Hindu Kings.
25.Food for Students
Students who studied the Vedas and its allied six subjects went round the towns and begged for food. They collect freshly cooked food and share it with their Gurus. Buddha followed this custom and banned cooking inside Viharas, monasteries etc. In Madurai, the Vedic students from Dhanappa Mudali Street and Rameswaram patasalai near River Vaigai used to come to my house for (begging) food. They must go to Brahmins houses and beg with the words Bhavati Biksham Dehi. Manu Smrti says that students of three castes must do it. Only the three words were used in different order.
26.Constructing Roads or Tom Tomming
There is a word in Tamil (araithal) which may mean constructing roads or providing communication facilities like Tom Tom. In the olden days Orders of the Kings were communicated to people by drum beats. When I was a student, Madurai city faced Cholera disease. Then the tom tom man came and announced it by beating little drum. When ban orders under section 144 were proclaimed they did tom toming. So the word Araithal may be announcing, proclaiming or constructing roads with sand and stones.
27. Helping Prisoners with Food
Even community service to prisoners is listed as one. Tamil epic Manimekalai described the good service done to prisoners. Though they were named as criminals, Hindus never attached any taboo. Manu Smriti says the minute one undergoes punishment, the sin attached to the crime is done away.
28. Helping Beggars
Lame, Dumb, Blind and disabled or invalids beg for food. Hindus are asked to help them.
29.Helping to get Married
Nowadays we see Costly matrimonial service. In the olden days, some good hearted men and women helped youngsters to get married. They did not stop with exchanging horoscopes. They went all the way to cook food for hundreds of people who attend the wedding ceremonies. They collected money for the minimum gold jewels and the Mangala Sutra (Thali).
30.Feeding the Ascetics
Adi Shankara streamlined Hindu worship into six divisions; Providing them food for those is considered a great religious duty. Even Buddhis followed this. They went to monasteries and provided food to the monks.
31 and 32. In the above listing piercing ear and providing ear stud is given as one itme. But it is given as two different duties or meritorious acts in the Tamil verse. And in the same way provision of betel leaves and Lime are given as two different duties.
32 அறம்
1).வண்ணான் புன்னாவிதன் காதோலை சோலை மடந்தடம் வெண்
சுண்ணாம் பறவைப் பிணஞ்சுடற் றூரியஞ் சோறளித்தல்
கண்ணாடி யாவிற்குரிஞ்சுதல் வாயுறை கண்மருந்து
தண்ணீர் பந்தற் றலைக்கெண்ணை பெண்போகந் தரலையமே
2).மேதகுமாதுலர்க்குசாலை யேறுவிடுத்தல் கலை
யோதுவார்க் குண்டி விலங்கிற் குணவோடுயர்பிணிநோய்க்
கிதன் மருந்து சிறைச் சோறளித்தலியல் பிறரின்
மதுயற்காத்தநற்கந்நியர் தானம் வழங்கலுமே
3).கற்றவறுசமயத்தார்க் குணவு கருதும் விலை
உற்றதளித்துயிர் மீட்டல் சிறார்க்குதவனற்பான்
மற்று மகப்பெறுவித்தல் சிறாரை வளர்த்த்லெனப்
பெற்றவிவற்றினையெண்ணான்கறமெனப் பேசுவாரே
–உபமானசங்கிரஹம், இரத்தினச் சுருக்கம்
32 அறச் செயல்களின் பட்டியல்:-
1.ஆதுலர்க்குச் சாலை (ஏழைகள்=ஆதுலர்)
2.ஓதுவார்க்கு உணவு (மாணவர்களுக்கு)
3.அறுசமயத்தோர்க்கு உண்டி (உணவு)
4.பசுவிற்கு வாயுரை (உணவு)
5.சிறைக் கைதிகளுக்கு உணவு
6.ஐயமிட்டு உண் (பிச்சை போடுதல்)
7.திண்பண்டம் நல்கல் (விழாக் காலங்களில் பொங்கல், வடை)
8.அறவைச் சோறு (அன்னதானம்)
9.மகப்பெறுவித்தல் (பிள்ளை பெறுதல்)
10.மகவு வளர்த்தல் (பிள்ளைகளை வளர்த்தல்)
11.மகப்பால் வார்த்தல் (அவர்களுக்கு பால் வழங்கல்)
12.அறவைப் பிணஞ்சுடல் (அனாதைகள் இறுதிச் சடங்கு)
13.அறவைத் தூரியம் ( தூரியம்=மேள வாத்தியம்
அளித்தல்)
14.சுண்ணம் அளித்தல்
15.நோய்க்கு மருந்து வழங்கல்
16.வண்ணார்
17.நாவிதர்
18.காதோலை
19.கண்ணாடி
20.கண்மருத்து
21.தலைக்கு எண்ணெய்
22.பெண்போகம்
23.பிறர்துயர் காத்தல்
24.தண்ணீர் பந்தல்
மடம் அமைத்தல்
26.குளம் வெட்டல்
27.பூங்கா வைத்தல்
28.ஆவுறுஞ்சுதறி (பசு முதலிய பிராணிகளுக்கு நீர்)
29.விலங்கிற்குணவு
30.ஏறுவிடுத்தல் (இனப்பெருக்கத்த்துக்கு காளைகள்)
31.விலைகொடுத்துயிர்காத்தல்
32.கன்னிகாதானம்
***
Puranānūru 27, Poet Uraiyur Muthukannan Sāthanār sang to Chozhan Nalankilli,
1
When one counts those born in fine, noble families, only a few have gained fame and songs by poets, like a row of flowers with many petals, shining brightly, yielded by lotus plants that grow in mud. Many have vanished like the leaves of lotus plants.
2
I have heard that those whose fame is sung by poets gain chariots that fly in the sky without charioteers.
3
My Lord! O Chētchenni Nalankilli! The moon god that roams above shows clearly even to those who don’t understand that waning is true, waxing is true, dying is true and being born is true.
4
Even if they have talents or not, please shower your graces rapidly on those who come with sorrow, looking at their thin waists. May those who oppose your unspoiled strength, remain without generosity!
Ms Vaidehi Herbert’s Translation is used; thanks.
புறநானூறு27, பாடியவர்: உறையூர் முதுகண்ணன் சாத்தனார், பாடப்பட்டோன்: சோழன் நலங்கிள்ளி,
1
சேற்று வளர் தாமரை பயந்த, ஒண் கேழ் நூற்றிதழ் அலரின் நிறை கண்டன்ன,
வேற்றுமை இல்லா விழுத்திணைப் பிறந்து, வீற்றிருந்தோரை எண்ணுங்காலை உரையும் பாட்டும் உடையோர் சிலரே, 5 மரை இலை போல மாய்ந்திசினோர் பலரே,
2 புலவர் பாடும் புகழுடையோர் விசும்பின் வலவன் ஏவா வான ஊர்தி எய்துப என்ப தம் செய் வினை முடித்து எனக் கேட்பல், எந்தை சேட்சென்னி நலங்கிள்ளி! 10
Date uploaded in Sydney, Australia – 11 February 2026
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ஆங்கில எழுத்து H- ல் துவங்கும் சொற்கள்
Words beginning with the English letter ‘H’
நாளைய தினம் தமிழில் வரும்; It will be posted in Tamil Tomorrow.
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Halayudha
1) an epithet of Balarāma.
2) Name of the author of अभिधान-रत्नमाला (abhidhāna-ratnamālā).
Derivable forms: halāyudhaḥ (हलायुधः).
Halāyudha is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms hala and āyudha (आयुध).
Halāyudha (हलायुध).—A Sanskrit poet who lived in the 10th century A.D. A mahākāvya called Kavirahasya is his most important work The hero in the great poem is Krṣṇa III. A King of the Rāṣṭrakūṭa dynasty, and poet Halāyudha was a courtier of his.
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Hala
Hala was a satavahana king who lived around first century CE. His wife was Malayavathy, Hala started composing poems. His Prakrit poems are part of Gatha Sapta Sati. He was called Kavi Vatsala, one who was a great patron of poets. He gave them gold coins for beautiful verses like his predecessor Emperor Vikaramaditya. He imitated Vikramaditya in all his deeds. Like Vikramaditya he started an era in his name, Salivahana Shahapta, though he did not win any big wars. Like Vikramnaditya who was the patron of great poet Kalidasa he was the patron of Gunatya and others. We can see the inspiration he got from Kalidasa and Vikramaditya. Many poets of Gatha Sapta Sati have imitated Kalidasa, but they are not very popular.
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Hampi
Hampi was the capital of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th-century.
Set amid dramatic boulder strewn hills and the calm flow of the Tungabhadra River, Hampi is one of Karnataka’s tourist destinations. Once the capital of the powerful Vijayanagara Empire, Hampi today stands as a vast open air museum. The closest railway station is in the city of Hospet (Hosapete), 13 km away.
Hampi spreads across a large landscape, with monuments. Important places include Virupaksha Temple, Vittala Temple, Hampi Bazaar, Lotus Mahal, Elephant Stables, Matanga Hill and Tungabhadra Riverbanks.
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Hariharan
Harihara is a composite Hindu deity representing the synthesis of Lord Vishnu (Hari) and Lord Shiva (Hara), symbolizing the ultimate unity of Vaishnavism and Shaivism. Depicted with Shiva on the right and Vishnu on the left, this form embodies the harmony between creation and destruction. It highlights that the two deities are one supreme, indivisible reality. Sankara Narayanan is another name.
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Harijan
First recorded in 1930–35; from Neo-Sanskrit Harijana “person of Hari” (a name for Vishnu), hence, in Gandhi’s conception, a child of God. (in India) a member of a group formerly known as the untouchables.
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Havis
Havis (Sanskrit: हविस्) primarily refers to an oblation, Cooked rice offering, or sacrifice in Hindu rituals, commonly consisting of ghee, grain, rice, or milk offered to gods in a Yagya/ Yaga/Havan. It represents items offered into fire, often used to signify dedication in sacred ceremonies. When they offer it, they say Idam na mama – It is not mine.
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Hatha yoga
Haṭhayoga (हठयोग) pays particular attention to the acquisition of supernatural powers and the conquest of disease and death. Majority of the extant texts of Haṭhayoga are associated with the Nāth siddhas. The Tamil Siddhas of about the 10th to 15th century also wrote poems on the concepts of Haṭhayoga. Hatha-yoga is the physical aspect of the practice of yoga. There are 3 main factors involving practice of hatha-yoga: asanas (practice of postures), pranayama (breathing techniques), and dhyana (meditation).
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Harsha vardhana ( 606 to 647 CE)
King Harshavardhana was also known as Harsha. He was the son of Prabhakar Vardhana. He built a huge empire that extended from north & northwestern India till the Narmada in the South. His capital was Kannauj. Harsha was a great patron of the arts. He himself was an accomplished writer. He is credited with the Sanskrit works Ratnavali, Priyadarshika and Nagananda. Banabhatta was his court poet and he composed the Harshacharita which gives an account of Harsha’s life and deeds. Harsha generously supported the Nalanda University. His deeds were praised by Chinese Buddhist traveller Xuanzang in his writings.
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Haridwar
The holy city of Haridwar (Gateway to God) in Uttarakhand is a breathtaking city, replete with temples. it is a magnet for religious pilgrims from all over the globe. Important temples include the Har ki Pauri and the Chandi Devi Temple.
Haridwar also termed as ‘Gateway to Gods’ is known as Mayapuri, Kapila, Gangadwar as well. Haridwar is also one of the four places; where Kumbh Mela occurs after rotation of every twelve Years and Ardh Kumbh after every six years. Haridwar is one of the first towns where Ganga emerges from the mountains to touch the planes. It is one of the Seven Holy Cities of India.
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Heramba
Heramba is five-headed and ten-armed form of the Hindu deity Ganesha, symbolizing the protector of the weak, fearful, and oppressed. Seated on a lion (simha-vahana), this form represents supreme power, fearlessness, and the removal of inner and outer obstacles. The name is derived from He (weakness/helplessness) and ramba (protection), defining him as the saviour of the meek. Heramba Ganapati is one of 32 forms of Ganesha;it is depicted with five heads (representing the five senses or elements) and ten arms holding various weapons and symbols like a noose, beads, battle axe, and a broken tusk. Unlike the traditional mouse, Heramba rides a lion, symbolizing mastery over ego and primal instincts.
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Himalaya
Himālaya (हिमालय):—means ‘abode of snow’; the Himālaya range of mountains in the north of India has the highest elevations in the world; in mythology personified as husband of Menā or Menakā .
KALIDASA used the following name for the Himalayas:-
This mountain is referred to in over 150 Sanskrit books covering all subjects including herbs, medicine, gems and animals. But the references in the Vedas, Ramayana , Mahabharata , Kautilya Arthashastra , Jataka Tales and 2000 year old Sangam Tamil Literature are important.
From Sangam Tamil literature, we have the following references :
Sindhu to Hindu: The term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu (river/Indus), which Persians changed to ‘Hindu’. They have n H in their language.
Boundaries: Ancient texts, such as the Brihaspati Agama quoted on the site, define the land of Hindus as spanning from the Himalayas to the Indian Ocean (Himalayamh samarabhya yavat indu sarovaram).
2. Definition of a Hindu (Scriptural & Cultural)
a Hindu is one who is virtuous, shuns unnecessary violence but is capable of destroying anarchic elements, and is a protector of the Vedas and cows. It is the oldest religion in the world.
Beliefs: A Hindu is defined as one who accepts the “Pranava Mantra Om and the authority of the Vedas, believes in rebirth and Karma Theory; he worships the cow, and the River Ganga, and considers the Vedic Rishis as their Gurus.
3. “Hindu” in the Context of Tamil Culture Sangam Tamil literature has references to Hindu Gods, their flags, Vahanas, weapons, origins and their special attributes
Vedic gods, such as Raka, Muka, and Maha Maya, are worshipped in Tamil Nadu villages as Rakayee, Mukayee, and Mahamayee.
No Founder: Hinduism is emphasized as a religion without a single founder, often referred to as Sanatana Dharma (Eternal Law).
Hindu culture is unique in its consistent worship of the Goddess and high regard for women ; only religion where Women and Goddeses are worshipped till this day.
Holy Books- Vedas; Epics Ramayana , Mahabharata (Bhagavad Gita); Tamil and other vernacular language Hymns.
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Hiranya dhana
Hiranya denotes gold, a precious metal associated with gods and prosperity, frequently mentioned in hymns praising donations (Dhana Stuthis). It is one of the Sixten Dhanas mentioned in Hindu scriptures. Vedic literature describes the donation of gold alongside cattle and horses.
Mahādāna (महादान).—There are sixteen Mahādānas or “Great gifts”. They are: (1) Tulāpuruṣadāna, (2) Hiraṇyagarbha dāna, (3) Brahmāṇḍa dāna, (4) Kalpakavṛkṣadāna, (5) Gosahasradāna, (6) Hiraṇyakāmadhenudāna, (7) Hiraṇyāśva dāna, (8) Hiraṇyāśvaratha dāna, (9) Hemahastiratha dāna, (10) Pañcalāṅgalakadāna (11) Dhārādāna, (12) Viśvacakradāna (13) Kalpalatā dāna, (14) Saptasāgaraka dāna, (15) Ratnadhenu dāna, (16) Mahāpūtaghaṭa dāna. (Agni Purāṇa, Chapter 210).Hindu king Mulavarman of Indonesia of fourth century CE and Krishna Devaraya of 14th century did 16 Gifts Ceremony.
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Hinayana
The term “Hinayana,” meaning “Lesser Vehicle,” is used to describe the 18 earlier schools of Buddhism, with Theravada as the main surviving branch. This tradition focuses on individual salvation through strict adherence to monastic codes and views the Buddha as a human who attained Nirvana, contrasting with Mahayana’s later development and view of the Buddha as divine.
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Hiranyakasipu
Hiranyakashipu, a powerful Asura king and brother to the slain Hiranyaksha, sought vengeance against Vishnu by obtaining a near-invincible boon from Brahma. Consumed by pride and hatred, he banned Vishnu worship in his kingdom, but was eventually killed by Vishnu’s Narasimha (man-lion) avatar at twilight on a threshold, bypassing his boon. His son was Prahlada.
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Homa/ havan
Homa, also known as Havan, is an ancient Vedic fire ritual performed to purify the environment, remove negative energy, and offer prayers. The ceremony typically involves preliminary and concluding rituals, utilizing specific materials and symbolic items, with fire (Agni) acting as a witness and carrier of prayers. There are 400 types of Homas. Asvamedha, Rajasuya, Soma Yaga, Vajapeyam and Maha Rudram are some of the major Yagas. Ganapati Homam, Sudrasana Homam, Navagraha Homam are common sacrifices.
Huna
Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini. Here is his report on the cruel Huna king Mihirakula who rolled 100 elephants down the hill and enjoyed their death.
Mihirakula was the Huna king who ruled North India from 515 CE to 530 CE. He was a son of Toramana. We know that his rule extended from Afghanisatan to Madhya Pradesh. But Kalhana says that he killed 30 million people and he attacked Sri Lanka and Tamil Nadu. He was a king from the race of White Hunas. He decimated Buddhism in Afghanistan, but supported Saivism in Kashmir. Earlier he was defeated by Malawa King Yasovarman or Baladitya, the last Gupta king. Then he conquered Kashmir and Afghanisatan. Kalhana’s report about his expedition to Sri Lanka and Tamil Nadu is not corroborated by secondary sources.
To be continued……………………………..
Tags-HINDU DICTIONARY IN ENGLISH AND TAMIL-௩௨, இந்துமத கலைச்சொல் அகராதி–32
இவைகளை ஏந்தியவனும், மகா காளி வெட்கும்படியாக முன்னர்
அவைதனில் நடித்தோனை மாதாதை யேஎனவும்
வருவோனே … சபைதனிலே நடனம் ஆடியவனான சிவபிரானை,
சிறந்த தந்தையே என்றழைக்கவும் வந்தவனே,
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பலகலை படித்தோது பாவாணர் நாவிலுறை … பல கலைகளைப்
படித்து ஓதும் கவிஞர்களின் நாவிலே வாசம் செய்கின்ற
இருசரண வித்தார வேலாயுதா … இரு திருவடிகளை உடைய
வித்தகனே, வேலாயுதனே,
உயர்செய் பரண்மிசை குறப்பாவை … உயரத்தில் கட்டப்பட்ட
பரணின் மீது இருந்த குறப்பெண் வள்ளியின்
தோள்மேவ மோகமுறு மணவாளா … தோள்களைத் தழுவ மிக்க
ஆசை கொண்ட மணவாளனே,
பதுமவயலிற் பூகமீதே வரால்கள் துயில் வருபுனல்
பெருக்காறு … தாமரை மலர்கின்ற வயலிலும், பாக்கு மரங்களின் மீதும், வரால் மீன்கள் உறங்கும்படி வரும் நீர்ப்பெருக்கை உடைய ஆறாகிய
திருப்புகழில் பூகோள பாடம்
காவேரி சூழவளர் பழநிவரு … காவேரி சூழ விளங்கும் பழநியில் எழுந்தருளிய,
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பழனி மலையைச் சுற்றி ஓடும் நதி
பழனி மலையைச் சுற்றி ஓடும் முக்கிய நதி சண்முக நதி ஆகும். இது அமராவதி ஆற்றின் துணையாறாகும், மேலும் இந்த நதி பழனி மலைச் சரிவுகளில் உற்பத்தியாகி, பழனி நகரத்திற்கு அருகில் உள்ள சக்தி கிரி மற்றும் சிவகிரி மலைகளுக்கு அருகில் பாய்கிறது.
நதியின் பெயர்: சண்முக நதி (Shanmuganathi).
உற்பத்தி: பழனி மலைச் சரிவுகள் (Palani Hills).
இது அமராவதி ஆற்றின் ஒரு துணையாறு ; அது இறுதியில் காவிரியில் கலக்கிறது.
பாயும் இடம்: பழனி முருகர் கோயில் அமைந்துள்ள அடிவாரத்தில் இந்த நதி பாய்கிறது.
மேலும், பழனி மலைப்பகுதிகள் Vaigai மற்றும் Amaravathi ஆறுகளின் முக்கிய நீர்ப்பிடிப்புப் பகுதியாகவும் விளங்குகிறது
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கற்பூர கோலாகலா அமரர் பெருமாளே. … பச்சைக் கற்பூர மணம்
கமழும் அலங்கார ஆடம்பரனே, தேவர்களின் பெருமாளே.
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பெரிய புராணக் கதை , சோழநாட்டின் பெருமை
நாத விந்து கலாதீ நமோநம … லிங்கம், பீடம் (சிவ சக்தி) ஆகிய
தத்துவங்களுக்கு மூலப்பொருளே, போற்றி, போற்றி,
வேத மந்த்ர சொரூபா நமோநம … வேதங்கள், மந்திரங்கள்,
இவற்றின் உருவமாக விளங்குபவனே, போற்றி, போற்றி,
ஞான பண்டித ஸாமீ நமோநம … பேரறிவுக்குத் தலைவனான
தெய்வமே, போற்றி, போற்றி,வெகு கோடி நாம சம்பு குமாரா நமோநம … பல கோடிக்கணக்கான திருப்பெயர்களைக் கொண்ட சிவனின் புதல்வனே, போற்றி, போற்றி
போக அந்தரி பாலா நமோநம … (அனைத்து உயிர்களுக்கெல்லாம்)
இன்பங்களை அளிக்கும் பார்வதியின் குமாரனே, போற்றி, போற்றி
நாக பந்த மயூரா நமோநம … தன் காலினால் பாம்பை அடக்கிக்
விரும்பத்தக்க குதிரை மீது ஏறி கயிலை மாமலைக்குப் போய் (அங்கே)
ஆதி அந்தவுலாவாசு பாடிய … ஆதி உலா எனப்படும் அழகிய
(கயிலாய ஞானக்) கலிவெண்பாவை பாடலாகப் பாடிய
சேரர் கொங்குவை காவூர் நனாடதில் … சேரர் பெருமானாம்
சேரமான் பெருமான்** நாயனாருக்கு உரித்தான கொங்கு மண்டலத்து
வைகாவூர் என்னும் சிறந்த நாட்டுப் பகுதியில் இருக்கும்
ஆவினன்குடி வாழ்வான தேவர்கள் பெருமாளே. … திரு
ஆவினன்குடி (பழநிமலையின் அடிவாரம்) என்னும் தலத்தில் வாழ்வு
கொண்டிருக்கும், தேவர்களின் பெருமாளே.
* இது ‘திருக்கற்குடி‘ அல்லது ‘உய்யக்கொண்டான்‘ என்று வழங்கப்படும்.திருச்சிக்கு அருகில் வயலூருக்குப் போகும் வழியில் உள்ளது.
** கொங்கு நாட்டின் மன்னனாக 1,150 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பு சேரமான்பெருமான் ஆண்டார். அவர் சைவக்குரவர் நால்வரில் ஒருவரான சுந்தரரின்நண்பர். சிவபிரான் சுந்தரரை கயிலைக்கு அழைத்தபோது, சுந்தரர் தமதுநண்பரும் உடன்வர வேண்டுமென விரும்பினார். சேரமான் குதிரையில்ஏறி கயிலைக்கு விரைந்து சென்றார். சுந்தரர் இன்னும் வராததால்கயிலையின் கதவு அடைக்கப்பட்டிருந்தது. அப்போது சேரமான் ‘ஆதிஉலா‘ என்ற பாடலைப் பாட, கயிலையின் கதவுகள் திறந்தன.சுந்தரருடன் சேரமான் கயிலைப் பதம் சேர்ந்தார். – பெரிய புராணம்.
***
பல்லக்கில் பவனி வரும் போலிப் புலவர்களின் தோற்றம் !
நிகமம் எனில் ஒன்றும் அற்று நாள்தொறு(ம்) நெருடு கவி
கொண்டு வித்தை பேசிய … வேதப் பொருள் என்றால் ஒரு சிறிதும்
தெரியாமல், தினமும் (அங்குமிங்கும் கற்ற) மொழிகளைத் திரித்து இயற்றிய
நிழலர் சிறு புன் சொல் கற்று வீறு உள பெயர் கூறா … போலிக்
கவிகள் சில அற்பச் சொற்களைக் கற்று, ஆடம்பரமான பட்டப் பெயர்களைவைத்துக்கொண்டு,
நெளிய முது தண்டு சத்ர(ம்) சாமர(ம்) நிபிடம் இட வந்து …
முகம் ஒரு சம்பு மிக்க நூல்களும் முது மொழியும் வந்து
இருக்குமோ எனில் … அவர்களது முகமானது, ஒரு செய்யுளும்
வசனமும் கலந்த நூல்களும், திருக்குறள் போன்ற பழைய நூல்களும்விளக்கக் கூடுமோ என்று கேட்டால்,
முடிவில் அவை ஒன்றும் அற்று வேறொரு நிறமாகி முறியும்
அவர் தங்கள் வித்தை தான் இது … அவை ஒன்றும் தெரியாததால்
வெட்கத்தால் (முகம்) வெளுத்து, இறுதியில் மனம் குலைந்து
போனவர்களுடைய வித்தைதான் இக்கல்வி எல்லாம்.
முடியவு(ம்) உனை நின்று பத்தியால் மிக மொழியும் வளர்
செம் சொல் வர்க்கமே வர அருள்வாயே … (இத்தகைய கல்வி
போதும்,) இது முடிவதாக (இனியேனும்) உன்னை மனம் ஒரு வழியில்நின்ற பக்தியுடன் நிரம்பத் துதிப்பதற்கு, மேலும் மேலும் எழுகின்றசெவ்விய சொற்களின் பெருக்கே எனக்கு வரும்படி அருள்வாயாக.
To be continued……………………………
Tags- திருப்புகழில் ,அருணகிரி நாதர், சொல் அழகும், பொருள் வளமும்- Part 9, அரிய செய்திகள்-, டாக்டர்கள், நோய்கள், காவேரி, சோழநாடு, போலிப்புலவர்கள்
Date uploaded in Sydney, Australia – 2 February 2026
Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
During my previous two trips to Sydney, I covered Shiva, Murugan (Skanda/ Kartikeya), Venkateswara, and Nantien Buddhist temples. During this third trip, I decided to cover rest of the temples. So, I went to Ganapathy (Vinayakar) temple and a Shakti temple in the past few weeks. My son told me that there are two more temples in an industrial area one next to another. Who will say we don’t want two birds in one stone. So, we rushed there in car on 31 January 2026 to get two mangoes in one stone. We were not disappointed.
In a vast industrial area with trucks and cranes, two small temples peeped out. First, we entered the Sydney Durga temple.
Surprise! Surprise!
Wes aw Tamil poet Tiruvalluvar statue next to Sarasvati Devi statue in the temple complex. When we moved a little further, we saw Tamil poet Ilango’s statue, the author of the most famous Tamil epic Silappadikaram.
Then we climbed several steep steps to see a huge hall with Goddess Durga in the main shrine. From the temple posters we came to know that it is run by Sri Lankan Tamils. On either side of the main shrine Lord Ganesh and Lord Skanda/ Murgan occupied two small shrines.
The unique feature of the temple is the eight beautiful Lakshmi statues (Ashta Laksmi) in the corridor. Apart from them, there are Navagrahas and other minor deities. There were four priests looking after the visiting devotees. In total only 25 devotees were inside the huge Mandapa. So, we had good Darshan (viewing) of Gods. It has a divine atmosphere.
There is a canteen outside where one can buy Tamil snacks.
Shirdi Saibaba Temple
Just a few doors away, is the Shirdi Sai Temple. Again, we climbed a number of steps to see a huge hall with Shirdi Sai baba occupying the Main shrine. A beautiful and melodious divine song was going on air. It created more divine atmosphere. About 15 people with one priest were there. Lord Ganesh, Siva and Hanuman are in smaller shrines. The unique feature of the temple is a Siva Linga where one can do Abisheka. Water pots are placed near it. We did Abishek (bathing of the God) with Mrtyunjaya Mantra from the Yajurveda. Here also one canteen is operating.
Both the temples must be visited by the devotees. There is good scope for big Puja, ceremonies and Dhyana (meditation).
After visiting Sai Mandir, we came back to Tamil Durga temple and bought hot Idli, Vadai, Sambhar, Chutney and Masala Tea.
Date uploaded in Sydney, Australia – 29 January 2026
Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
We went to Sri Karphaga Vinayakar Temple in Sydney, Australia on 29-1-2026. It is a temple in one large hall with a small tower. When we went there the temple was celebrating its Annual Mango Festival. We could see about 25 devotees enjoying the Puja to the Dwaja Sthamba. About five priests were doing the decorations and the Puja.
The temple has the main shrine with Karpaka Vinayakar in the centre of the hall .On either side of the main shrine are other deities including Lord Siva, Goddess Meenakshi, Nataraja, Lord Skanda Muruga, Nava Graha etc.
Because of the festival, musicians were playing the Nayanam and Melam (Pipes and drums) that echoed in the hall. We could see a small chariot. The temple has announced that chariots and other idols will be taken along the streets.
Since the temple was located in a Sri Lankan Tamil area we saw several devotees walking towards the temple. Temple distributes free food and Prasad all through the festival days. Other days there is a canteen which sell food in the evening.
It has a good atmosphere and sanctity, and one must visit to get the blessings of Lord Ganesh.
Temple Address
123, The Crescent, Homebush West, New South Wales 2140
Mango Festival is celebrated by all the Sri Lankan temples. The story behind the festival is a popular story. Inter Galactical Space Traveller Narada is famous or notorious for creating quarrels among the celestials which always end with good results. He came with a mango fruit and gave it to Lord Siva in the Kailash with a condition that it can’t be cut when it was to given to any one. Siva’s two sons Lord Ganesh and Lord Skanda Muruga were demanding it. And Siva was in a great dilemma. Siva told them that whoever goes around the world and come back first would get it. Lord Skanda immediately flew on his peacock space rocket and circled the earth in a few minutes. But before that the big tummy boy, Lord Ganesh went round his father and mother Siva and Parvati and said they were the world. Both the parents were happy to hear it. And Siva gave the mango to him. Late comer Lord Skanda Muruga was disappointed. This is the background of the Mango festival which illustrated that father and mother are greater than the earth.
During the festival which runs up to ten days or so, the temple idols are taken around the town. The finale will be the chariot festival, and the chariot is pulled by all the people without any discrimination of rich and poor, of high and low status or man and woman or young and old. This festival celebrated by all the Hindu temples around the world inculcate social unity. Moreover God comes to everyone who could not go to a temple.
–Subham—
Tags- Sydney, Karphaga Vinayakar temple, My visit, Chariot festival, Australia
Date uploaded in Sydney, Australia – 24 January 2026
Contact – swami_48@yahoo.com
Pictures are taken from various sources for spreading knowledge.
this is a non- commercial blog. Thanks for your great pictures.
tamilandvedas.com, swamiindology.blogspot.com
xxxx
My Visit to Sydney Shakti Temple and Lisgar Gardens (Post No.15,356)
During my last two visits to Australia, I covered Sydney Murugan Temple, Venkateswara temple and Nantien (Wollongong) Buddhist temple. This is my third visit and so I decided to explore new temples in New South Wales state in Australia. We went to Sydney Shakti temple, also called Durga Temple, yesterday. It is a small temple started by Hindus from Fiji Island country in the 1990s. The present temple building was constructed in 2010. Since it is in a residential area, the opening times are restricted by the local council. It is opened two hours in the morning and two hours in the evening.
In spite of restricted hours, devotees visit the temple in good numbers. I saw a constant flow of devotees entering and leaving the temple. On either side of the tall and attractive main deity Shakti, it has Lord Ganesh and Lord Skanda (Murugan in Tamil). It is a small hall which can accommodate 150 people. All the Hindu festivals are celebrated here. During weekends and festival days the opening hours are extended. It is better to consult the temple website for precise information.
Shiva linga, goddess Meenakshi are also worshipped in the main hall. Devotees come with plates filled with flowers and fruits and do the Archana through the priest there. Outside the main hall there is a shrine with Navagrahas (Nine Planets). In the outer prakara/corridor Hanuman statue is also installed. One big hall is there for Ayyappa Puja.
The temple wall is decorated with different forms of goddesss such as Bhuvaneswari, Visalakshi, Mariamman. One needs just half hour to complete the Darshan / viewing.
In the heart of busy shopping area in Hornsby Shire council in Sydney we have a beautiful gardens spreading over 6.5 acres. It is very near the Westfield shopping mall. It is a woody area bought and developed by Max Cotton about 150 years ago. It is famous for two things:
70 Varieties of Camellia Plants
Water Lizards known as Eastern Dragons
Max Cotton loved camellia flowers and so he planted 70 different varieties of the plants. Now there are 300 such plants.
The day before the temple visit, we went to Lisgar Gardens. Though we saw only few flowers, the woody area with creeks, streams and small waterfalls allowed us to breath fresh air. We could smell the fragrance of the flowers. We also saw the water lizards. The eastern water dragons grow up to 90 CMS. The Hornby Shire council bought these gardens and opened it for public. It looks like a forest and one has to go down and down. Those who are adventurous can take the loop walks and go deeper into the bushes.
The garden is closed at 5 pm and signposted to guide the visitors. A surprising thing in Australia is there are well maintained gardens and woody areas very near the cities. Public are not even allowed to cut native trees even inside their houses.
–subham—
Tags- My visit, London swaminathan, Sydney Shakti temple, Lisgar Gardens, Water Dragons, Lizards, Camellia flowers
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Tamil and Vedas 
