All posts tagged Varahamihira

Humility of Indian poets! Varahamihira, Kalidasa, Kamban & Purandaradasa

Bend it like Modi ( More you bow, More you Grow)

Written by London swaminathan

Research Article No: 1831

Date: 27 April 2015; Uploaded in London at 17-29

Sanskrit and Tamil poets were great poets and yet they were very humble. We may find several examples in our literature that show their humility. Let us look at a few examples:

VARAHAMIHIRA

Varahamihira who authored two encyclopaedic works’ Brhat Jataka’ and ‘Brhat Samhita’ among others, says in the concluding chapter of Brhat Samhita,

Jyotih sasstrasamudram pramathya matimandaraadrinaatha mayaa

Lokasyaalokakarah saastrasasaangkah samuthksipthah

“Having churned the ocean of astrology with the Mandara mountain of my intelligence, I have taken out the moon of science that affords light to the world.

Then in the next verse he says,

“I have not discarded the works of ancient seers while writing this scientific work. Hence, O ye good men, you may by all means compare mine with theirs, and accept whichever you like

He continues,

“Good men, on finding some excellence, though slender, in an ocean of faults, proclaim it, while the mean minded do the contrary. This is the nature of the good and the wicked

Durjanahutaasataptam kaavyasuvarnam visuddhimaayaati

Sraavayitavyam tasmaaddusta janasya prayatnena

“The gold of poetry being heated by the fire of wicked men gets purified. Hence, it should be read to the wicked by all means”.

KALIDASA

Kalidasa, the greatest of the Indian poets, in his Raguvamsa Kavya, says,

“The dynasty originated from Sun; with the meagre intellect of mine, I am wishing to go across this unnavigable ocean called the solar dynasty by a small boat.

“Will I become the butt of ridicule if I were to covet the celebrity of an eminent poet, like a short fellow overstretching his arms for a fruit obtainable only by the tall, because I am still a dunce in this subject matter?

“But my course in depicting this dynasty might as well be easy through the gateway already crafted by the earlier poets, like a diamond bore holed by a diamond-edged tool for an easy passage of thread”.

In Malavikagnimitra, he says,

“Every old poem is not good simply because it is old; nor is a poem without charm, because it is new; sound critics favour the one or the other, after proper examination; while a blockhead is guided by another’s judgement”.

KAMBAN

Greatest of the middle age Tamil poets Kamban in his Tamil Ramayana says in Balakanda,

“I wanted to write the story of Rama. My desire is like a cat licking the milky ocean (thinking it could drink the full ocean).

“Are you people wondering at my endeavour of writing the great story done by Valmiki– full of penance? He wrote the story of great Rama who pierced the seven strong trees with a single arrow which never miss the target like the curse of great people.

“I know the world will ridicule me; but my intention is to highlight the greatness of Valmiki who wrote flawless divine poetry”.

PURANDARADASA

The famous Kannada saint and composer Purandaradasa says in one of his songs

“There ought to be traducers. Without them the glory of the virtuous would not gain celebrity. For example the paddy grain would be worthless without its slender thorn”.

Varahamihira concludes by saying

“With my intellectual power blessed by the Divine Sun, the sages and my preceptor, as a result of my having made obeisance to their feet, I have only summarized this science. Hence I offer salutations to the ancient authors”.

Bowing Modi

“Gunaprakarso vinyaadavaapyate”

“All virtues are enhanced with humility” – Subhasita ratna bhandakaram 3-869

Octogenarian Manmohanji Namaskar!

255 Indian Trees, Herbs and Shrubs mentioned in Brhat Samhita- Part-2

(Sapta parna, Ezilai Palai in Tamil)

Compiled by London swaminathan

Post No.1670; Dated 23 February 2015.

In the first part posted on 21^st February I gave the names of 130 trees. Here is the second part:

131.Patra =Laurus cassia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lavanga sake in Kan.. Lavangam in Tamil) லவங்கம்

132.Padma= Nelumbo nucifera (Tamarai in Tamil)தாமரை

133.Padmaka = Prunus cerasoides

134.Pnasa = Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jack fruit; Palaa in Tamil)பலா

135.Parusaka = Grewia asiatica (பலிச in Tamil; Phalsa, Farsa in Urdu, Sindhi)

136.Palasa = Butea monosperma ( Flame of the forest; Muttuga in Kan;Kimsuka in Sanskrit, பரசு in Tamil)

137.Paathaa = Cissampalos pareira or Cyclea burmanni (Paadaavali valli)

139.Paanduuka = a corn; Sterculia urens?

Flame of the Forest = Mul Murukku in Tamil

Paarijata = Erythrina indica (முள் முருக்கை in Tamil)Indian coral tree; Tiger’s claw

141.Picumanda = See Nimba

142.Pindara =Trewia nudiflora (ஆட்டரசு in Tamil, Eruponaku in Tel)

143.Pippali = Piper longum ( மிளகு in Tamil; Hippali balli in Kan.

144.Pilu = Salvadora oleoides (Varagogu in Tel.)

145.Punnaga = Calophyllum inophyllum (surahonne in Kan)

146.Pughiphala = Areca Catechu (பாக்கு மரம் in Tamil, Adike in Kan.)

147.Purnakosa = ?

148.Priyaka = Anthocephalus indicus

149.Plaksa = Ficus arnottiana (Kada Asvatta in kan)

150.Bakula = Mimusops elengi (Renge in Kan)

151.Badari= Zizyphus jujube (இலந்தை in tamil; Bugari in Kan)

152.Bandhujiva = Pentapetes phenicca ( நாகலிங்க பூ in Tamil, Naga Champake in Kan.)

153.Bimba = Coccinia indica (Tonde in kan)

154.Bilva = Aegle marmelos ( வில்வம் in Tamil)

155.Bijapura = Citrus medica (Madala in Kan)

156.Brhati = Solanum xanthocarpum (kirigulla in Kan.)

157.Brahmi = Centella asiatica ( வல்லாரை in Tamil)

158.Bhadra = Acorus calamus (Bajegida in Kan., வசம்பு in Tamil)

159.Bhallataka = Semecarpus anacardium (Marking Nut Tree; Gerkayi in Kan.)

160.Bhandira = Indian Fig Tree

161.Bharngi = Clerodendrum indicum (Ceru Tekku in mala. Gantu barengi in Kan)

162.Bhurja = Betula alnoides

163.Manjistha = Rubia cordifolia = Tamravali in Tel.Istamaduka in Kan)

164.Manivaka=?

165.Madana = Randia dumetorum (Karekayi gida in Kan)

166.Madayantika = Arabian jasmine

167.Madhuka = Cynometra ramiflora = Bassia latifolia (ippemara in Kan)

168.Marica = Piper nigrum (Olle manasina ballai in Kan)

169.Matr Vrksha = Pongamia glabra (Honge in Ka)

170.Maalaa= Trigonella corniculata = (Pirang in Urdu)

Vitex negundo

171.Masa = Phaseolus radiates (uddu in Kan)

172.Masaparni = Teramnus labialis (kattulandu in Mal)

Mudga = Phaseolus mungo (பாசிப் பயறு in Tamil, Moong Dhal, Pacce hesaru in Kan)

174.Musta = Cyperus rotundus = Bhadramusti or tunge hullu in Kan)

175.Mrdvika = Vitis vinifera (Drakshai in Tamil திராட்சை and Kan)

176.Maurvi = Senseieria roxbhurghiana (Maruga in Kan)

177.Yava= Hordeum vulgare (Jave godi in Kan)

178.Rasa=Bola = Commiphora myrrha (சாம்பிராணி மரம்)

179.Rajakosataka = Luffa cylindrical (Sorekayi in Kan; Surai Kay சுரை in Tamil)

180.Renuka = Piper aurantiacum (shambaluka buk in Hindi)

Tapincha = Clerodendrum

181.Rohitaka = Aphanamixis polystrachya (Cemmaram in Mal.Rohada in Marat)

182.Lakuca = Artocarpus lakoocha (Vatehuli in Kan)

183.Laksmana= Mandragora officinarum (Kattai jati in Mal.)

184Lavanga = Syzigiumaromaticum

185.Lavali = Cicca asida (Ara nelli அர நெல்லி in Tamil)

186.Lodhra = Symplocos paniculta

187.Vaca= orris root ,Acorus calamus (Vasambu வசம்பு in Tamil)

188.Vanjula = see Vetasa

189.Vata = Ficus benglanesis (ஆலமரம் in Tamil; Nyagrodha in Sanskrit)

190.Vana = Kyllinga mono cephala (Nirbhisi in Hindi; Mustu in Marat)

191.Varuna = Crataeva murwala (Holenekki in Kan)

192.Vanira = See vetasa

193.Vaaraahi = Tacca aspera (Dukarkanda in Marat)

194.Vaarida = Cyperus grass

195.Valaka = Aporosa lindieyana (விட்டில் in Tam. And Malaya)

196.Vasika = Adatoda vasika (Adathodakam in Mal, Adusoge in Kan ஆடாதோடை)

197.Vasiphala = Gendarussa vulgaris (Vatamkolli in Mal; கருநொச்சி in Tamil)

198.Vikankata = Gymnosporia spinosa= காட்டஞ்சி in Tamil)

199.Vidanga = Embeliaribes = Vayu vilangaa in Kan, Tamil and Te.

200.Vidarika = Solanum verbasifolim (Kallate in Kan)

Cordia dichotama

201.Vibhitaka = Terminalia balerica (Santi mara in Kan)தான்றிக்காய் Tamil

202.Visvesvari = Hibiscus mutabilis (சூர்யகாந்தி Surya Kanti in Tamil and Kan)

203.Visa = Aconitum ferox (Bish in Hindi, Vashanavi in Mala;

204.Virana = See Usira

205.Vetasa = Calamus rotang (பிரம்பு in Tamil;Betta in Kan)

206.Vyagranakha = Euphorbia antiquorum (வச்சிரம் in Tamil, Cadurakali in MalayalamGymnosporia spinosa

207.Vyagrapada = Gymnosporia spinosa (see Vikankata)

208.Vyamaka = costus specious (குரவம் in Tamil; Chengalvagoshu in Tel)

209.Sana = Crotalaria juncea = (Sanabu in Kan.,

210.Satapushpa = Pimpinella anisum (Bade sophu in Kan.

211.Satavari = Asparagus gonogladus (Halavumakkala thayi babbi

212.Sai= Proposis spicigera (Saami , வன்னி மரம் in Tamil)

213:Sara = Typha elephantine (Jambu hallu in Kan.)

214:Sallaki – Boswelia serrata (Guggula mara in Kan)

215.Sala = Shorea robusta (குங்கிலியம் in Tamil, aasinamara in Kan)

216.Saka = Tectona grandis

217.Sali = Oryza sativa (nellu in Tamil and Kan)

218.Salmali =Bombax malabaricum (Elava in Kan. இலவம்)

Bombax malabaricum , Silk Cotton Tree, Salmali, Ilavam in Tamil

219.Sirisa = Albizzia lebbeck (Bage mara in Kan, வாகை in Tamil)

220.Siva = Cinnamomum tamala ( malabathrum, tamala patra; Tejput in Hindi; தாலிசபத்திரி

221.Sisumari= ?

222.Simsapa = Dalbergia sisoo – Indian Rosewood; Sheesham wood (irungudi in Kan.)

223.Srngavera = Zingiber officinale ( Sunthi in Kan. இஞ்சி)

224.Sonaka = Groxylum indicum (Anemungu in Kan. Velutta Patiri maram in Mal, சொரிகொன்றை cori-konnai, பாலையுடைச்சி )

225.Sriparni = Gmelia arborea; Kasmari; Beech wood, White teak; Kuli mara in Kan)

226.Syama = Echinochloa frumentacea (samul in Marat. Chamalu in Tel)

227.Srivasa = Turpentine (obtained from tree resins; from Pinus trees)

228.Slesmataka = Cordia dichotama (Cinna nakkeru in Te. Gunda in Hindi; Bhokar in Marat.)

Gmelina arborea

229.Sastika = A kind of rice growing in 60 days

230.Saptaparna = Alstonia scholaris (Hale mar in Kan. ஏகாளி மரம், ஏழிலைக் கள்ளி மற்றும் ஏழிலம்பாலை)

231.Samanga = Rubia cordifolia (Manjistha in Kan, Manditti in Tamil)

Sarja = Shorea robusta சால மரம்

233.Sarsapa = Brassica integrifolia = (sasive in Kan)

234.Sahadevi = Veronica cinerea (karehindi in Kan., Puvankuruntala in Mal)

235.Sala = Hibiscus salateus or Sida acutea (Malatanni in Mal; நீர் பருத்தி

236.Sariva = Ichnocarpus frutescens (Pal valli in Mal.

237.Sinduvara = Vitex negundo

238.Sindhuka = Sariva = Ichnocarpus frutescens

239.Suvarnataru = Cassia fistula (Konde mara in Kan)

240.Suvarna Pushpa = Campaka சண்பகம்

Phalsa, Grewia asiatica

241.Susara (Sardru?) = Terminalia tomentosa = Tempavu in Mal. Tamil:கருப்பு மருது

242.Sukaraka = Gironniera reticulate?

243.Sukarapadi = Azima tetracantha?

244.Suryavalli = Indigofera enneaphylla? Or Hibiscus mutabilis

245.Somaraji = Centratherum anthelminticum (Kadu Jirege in Kan. காட்டு ஜீரகம் in Tamil)

246.Somalata = Sarcostemma brevestigma

247.Saugandhika = White water Lily அல்லி

248.Saubhanjana = Moringa oleifera = Drumstick Murungai in Taml; (Nugge mara in Kan.)

Spandana =?

250.Syandana = Rathadru = Tinisa

251.Svarnapuspa = Jasminum humile (செம்மல்லிகை)

252.Haridratara = Coscinium fenestratum = Dodda maradara sina in Kan.; maramanjal in Mal.)

253.Haridra = Cucrcuma longa (Arasina in Kan)

254.Hastikarna = Alocasia macrorhiza (Marasanige or Mundigida in Kan)

255.Haritaki = Terminalia chebula ஹரிதகி / கடுக்காய்

The translator has put question marks against some plants. He could not identify them correctly. Further research is required in this area.

swami_48@yahoo.com

1 Comment

by Tamil and Vedas on February 23, 2015 • Permalink

Posted in Medicine, Nature, Science

Tagged Plants list 2, Tree list 2, Varahamihira

Posted by Tamil and Vedas on February 23, 2015

https://tamilandvedas.com/2015/02/23/255-indian-trees-herbs-and-shrubs-mentioned-in-brhat-samhita-part-2/

255 Indian Trees, Herbs and Shrubs mentioned in Brhat Samhita- Part-1

Acacia catechu (used in Pan for red colour)

255 Indian Trees, Herbs and Shrubs mentioned in Brhat Samhita- Part-1

Compiled by London swaminathan

Post No.1665; Dated 21 February 2015.

Varahamihira was a great scholar, mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, biologist and a poet. He has mentioned over 250 plants in his encyclopaedic work Brhat Samhita. Prof. Ramakrishna Bhatt who has translated the work from Sanskrit into English has given the list of plants in the appendix section. I have added the Tamil names wherever possible:

1.Aguru = Aquilaria agallocha (Agil in Tamil)அகில்

2.Agnimantha = Premna spinosca

3.Ankola = Alangium decapaetalum அழிஞ்சில்

4.Ajakarna = Vateria indica (Raala in Kannada)

5.Ajamoda = Apium grveolens or Carum copticum (Voma in Kannada)

6.Aja = Ocimum americanum (Ramatulasi-Kannada)துளசி

7.Anjana = Memecylon umbellatum (Vishnukranta?) விஷ்ணுகிரந்தி?

8.Atasi = Linum usitatissimum (Aali Vithai in Tamil)

Linum usitatissimum (Ali vithai in Tamil)

9.Ati balaa = Sida rhombifolia

10.Atimuktaka = Chrysanthemum indicum (Sevantige in Kannada)சிவந்தி

11.Apamarga = Achyranthes aspera (Uttarane in Kan.)

12.Amrta = Eulophia campestris or Tenospora cordifolia (amrtaballi in Kan.)

13.Amba = Pongamia glabra (Honge in Kan.)

14.Arani = Breynia rhamnoides/

15.Arista = Xanthium strumarium

16.Arka = calotropis gigantea (Ekke in Kan and Erukku in Tamil)எருக்கு

17.Arjuna = Terminalia arjuna (matti or Bili matti in Kan.)மருத மரம்

18.Asmantaka = Bauhinia tomentosa? (Vanasampige in Kan)

19.Asvakarna= Shorea robusta (Raladamara in Kan.)சால மரம்

(Alangium= Alinjil in Tamil=Ankola in Sanskrit)

( I have already written about Adi Shankara’s hymn about this rare tree)

20.Asvagandha = Withania somnifera (Sogade beru in Kan.)

21.Asvattha = Ficus religiosa (Arasa Maram in Tamil)அரச மரம்

22.Asana = Bridelia montana = Benga mara in Kan.

23.Amra = Magnifera indica (Mavina mara in Kannada; Ma Maram in Tamil) மா மரம்

24.Amraataka = Spondias magnifera (Ambate mara in Kannada

25.Iksu = Saccharum officinarum = Kabbu. In Kannada)கரும்பு

26.Asoka = sarasa idica அசோக மரம்

Yakshi under Asoka Tree.

27.Inguda = Balanites aegyptiaca (Ingalika mara in Kan., Nanjunda in Tamil)நஞ்சுண்டா

28.Indra taru or Svetakutaja= Wrightia tinctoria (kirigodesige in Kan)

29.Udumbara + Ficus racemosa அத்தி மரம்

30.Usira = Vetiveria zizanioides (Lavanca in Kan.)

31.Ela = Elettaria cardomonum (Elakkay in Tamil) ஏலக்காய்

32.Kakubha = Lagarstroemia speciose (Cemmaruta in Malayalam)

Asoka flower (two different species are called Asoka)

33.Kangu = Setaria italic (Navane akki in Kan.)

34.Katambhara = Picorrhiza Kurroa or Helleborus niger (Katukarohini in Tam., Kan.) கடுகரோகிணி

35.Katuka = see above 34 (Kadukkay is different)

36.Kantakari = Solanum xanthocarpus (Nelagulla in Kan.) கண்டங்கத்தரி

37.Kataka = Strychnus potatorum = Clearing nut tree (cilliamara in Kan., Tettaa maram in Mal)

38.Kadamba = Anthocephalus indicus கடம்பமரம்

39.Kadali = Musa paradisiac (Bale in Kan. Vazai maram in Tam.) வாழை

40.Kapikachchu = Colocasia esculenta (Kesavu in Kan., Sembu in Mal., Tamil )சேம்பு

Peepal Tree= Ficus religiosa= Arasa maram in Tamil

41.Kapitha = Feronica elephantum = Wood apple (Vilam pazam in Tam.Belada mara in Kan.)விளாம்பழம்

42.Kamala = Nelumbo nucifera (Tavare hu in Kan., Tamarai in Tamail, mal.) தாமரை

43.Kampillaka = Mallotus philippinensio (Honne mara in Kan)

44.Karanja = Pongamia pinnata (Honge in Kan., Korngu in Telugu)

45.Karavira = Nerium indicum அரளி

46.Karira = Capparis decidua

47.Karnikara = Pterospermum acerifolium (kanaka champaka in Kan) செண்பகம்

48.Karcura = Hedychium spicatum

49.Karpasa = Gossypium herbaceum (hatti in Kan.) பருத்தி

(Champaka=Michelia)

50.Kalama – Gryza sativa (Rice variety Kalame in Kan.)

51.Kallola = Luffa echinata (Devadangar in Kan.?)

52.Kakodambarika = Ficus hispida (Peyatti in tam. And Mal) பேயத்தி

53.Kasmari = Gmelina arborea (Kulimara in Kan. And Gumuducettu in Telugu)

54.Kutaja = Holarrhena antidysenterica (kodasige in Kan.and Kodisepala in Telugu)

Kunda = Jasmium multiflorum (dundu mallige in Kan and Mogra in Marathi) மல்லிகை

56.Kunduruka = Boswellia serrata or thurifera (madimara in Kan. And Parangi sambrani in Telugu)

57.Kumari = Aloe barbadensis (Lolisara in Kan. Katrazai in Tamil)கற்றாழை

58.Kumuda = Nymphea stellate அல்லி, குமுதம்

59.Kuranta = Striga lutea =

60.Kuravaka = Baleria cristata (Kariculli in Kan.)

Ajowan = Ajamoda= Omam in Tamil

61.Kula = Solanum xanthocarpum (Kantakari in Kan.)கண்டங்கத்தரி

62.Kulatha = Dolochos biflorus (Huruli in Kan.)

63.Kusa = Desmosstycha bipinnata (Darbhe in Kan; Thrppai in Tam.) தர்ப்பை

64.Kushta = Sassurea lappa (Koshtam in Tam.Sepuddi in Mala) கோஷ்டம்

65.Kusumbha = Crocus sativus = Kunkumakesara in Kan and Kunkuma pu in Tam.) குங்குமப்பூ

66.Kustumburu = Coriandrum sativam (Dhania in Hindi; Kothumalli in Tam)கொத்தமல்லி

67.Kesara (punnaga) = Calophyllum inophyllum (punna in mal.) புன்ன

Calaphyllum = Punnai in Tamil

68.Kodrava = Paspalum scrobikulatum (Varagu in Tam. And Kiraruga in Tel) வரகு

69.Kovidara = Bauhinia variegate (Kempu mandara in Kan.;Devakanchanamu in Tel)

70.Ksirika = Alstonia venenata (Addasarpa in Kan.; Pazamunipala in Mal.)

71.Ksema = Angelica glauca? or Fagonia cretica (Dhamasa in Mara.Dusparsa in Sanskrit, Cittigara in Tel.?)

72.Khadira = Acacia catechu (Kasu in Kan.);used in Paan for redcolour

73.Kharjuri = Phoenix sylvestris

74.Ghandhamamsi = Nardostachys jatamansi (Sugandhamuste or Ganigalamuste in Kan.Namattam in Tam)

75.Garudavega = Cocculus hirsutus (katterkodi in Tam.)காட்டுகொடி

76.Gangeruka = Canthium parviflorum (Karegida in Kan.Karai in Tam., Balusu in Tam)காரை

77.Girikarnika = Clitoria ternatea (Sankhapuspa in Kan; sangu pushpam or Kakkanam in Tam) காக்கணம் (sangu Pu, Karuvilai in Tamil)

Cleaning Nut

78.Guggulu = Commiphora roxbhurgili (Gondhu in Tamil)

79.Gunja = Abrus precatorius (Kundumani in Tam.Gulukunji in Kan.) குந்துமணி மரம்

80.Guduci = Tinospora cordifolia (Siindil in Tam.Amrta in Kan.)

81.Gundra = Typha elephantine (Jambhuhullu in Kan.)

82.Goksura = Tibulus terrestris (neggilu Mllu in Kan. Nerunji in Tam) நெருஞ்சி

83.Godhuma = Triticum aestivum (Godhi in Kan, Kothumai in Tam)கோதுமை

84.Canaka = Cicer arietinum (Kadale in Kannada) கொண்டைக்கடலை

Michelia= Shrnpakam in Tamil)

85.Candana (sandana) = Santalum album (Srigandha in Kan.) சந்தன மரம்

86.Campaka = Michelia champaca (Sampige in Kan.) செண்பகம்

87.Cirabilva = Pongamia pinnata or Eleocarpus serrata (Bigadamara in Kan)

88.Coca = Kydia calcina

89.Coraka = Curcumba latifoliya or Angelica glauca

90.Jambu = Syzygium jambos (Jambu nerale in Kan.) நாவல்மரம்

91.Jati = Jasminum officinale ( Jaati mallige in Kan) ஜாதி மல்லிகை

Kutaja= Giri mallika

92.jaathipalaa = Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg Tree, Jajikay in Kan. ஜாதிக்காய் மரம்)

Jiraka = Cuminum cyminum ( Jirige in Kan ஜீரகம்)

94.Jivaka =Bridelia montana = Pantegi in Te. வேங்கை மரம்

95.Jivanti = Demotrichum fimbriatum or Trema orientalis (Kiruhali in Kan)கடலை, துவரை

96.Jyotismati = Cardiospermum halicacabum (Heart seed(Erumballi or agnipalli in Kan.)

Tagara =Valeriana wallichi (Rishawala in Urdu)

98.Tala = Borassus flabellaformis (Talisepatra in Kannda) Panai in Tamil பனை மரம்

99.Talisapatra = Flacourtia jangomas (Talisapatre inKan.)

100.Tintidi = Tamarindus indica (Hunisemara in Kan. புளிய மரம்)

101.Tinduka =Diospryos paniculata (karunthuvarai in Tamil) கருந்துவரை

102.Timira = Turmeric?

Tila = Sesamum indicum (Ellu I Kan. El in Tamil)

104.Tilaka = Clerodendrum phlomoides (Takkolamu in Tel.)

105.Turuska = Olibanum tree; Tagetes erecta (Banti in Tel)

106.Trayamana = Ficus heterophylla (kodiyatti in Tami, Datir in Mara) கொடி அத்தி

107.Triphala = Terminalia chebula (kadukkay (Anil kaye in Kannada) கடுக்காய்

Trivrta = Vitis vinifera (Drakshai in Kannada)

109.Tvak = Cassia bark

110.Danti (Nagadanti) = Baliospermum montanum (Niradimuttu in Tamil, Nelajidi in Tel.)

111.Damanaka = Artemisia siversiana(Maru in Tamil) மருக்கொழுந்து

Balanites aegyptica

112.Darbha = Desmostachya bipinnata (Tharppai in Tamil)

113.Davadagdhaka = (Vyamaka) = Costus specius or Arabicus (Pushkaramula in Kan.)

114.Dadima = Punica granatum (Dalimbe in Kanna) மாதுளம்

115.Durva = Cynodon dactylon (Garike hullu in Kan)

Devadaru = Cedrus devdara

117.Dhava = Anogeissus latifolia (cirimanu in Tel.118

118.Dhatri Embilica officinalis (nellikay in Kan. And Tamil)

119.Naktamala = Pongamia pinnata

120.Nandikavarta = Tabernacemontana coronoria (Maddarasa in Kan)

121.Nala = Phragmites maxima (Peddarellu in Tel)

Nalika = Hibiscus cannabinus (Gongura in Tel)

123.Navamallika = Jasminium arborescens

124.Nagakesara = Mesua ferrea = (Nagasampige in Kan)

125.Nicula = Vetasa = Calamus rotang = Betta in Kan.

126.Nimba = Azadirachta indica =Kahibevu in Kan. வேப்பமரம்

127.Niragundi = Vitex negundo = (Bile nekki or Karlaki in Kan)

128.Nispava = Dolichos lab lab = Avare in Kan. (Mochai in Tamil)

129.Nipa = Anthocephalus indicus

130.Nyagrodha = Ficus bengalensis ( Ala maram in Tam and Kan) ஆலமரம்

Continued in Part 2………………………………..

(Most of these plants are used in Ayurveda and Siddha medicines)

Compiled by London swaminathan

Post No.1665; Dated 21 February 2015.

1.Aguru = Aquilaria agallocha (Agil in Tamil)அகில்

2.Agnimantha = Premna spinosca

3.Ankola = Alangium decapaetalum அழிஞ்சில்

4.Ajakarna = Vateria indica (Raala in Kannada)

5.Ajamoda = Apium grveolens or Carum copticum (Voma in Kannada)

6.Aja = Ocimum americanum (Ramatulasi-Kannada)துளசி

7.Anjana = Memecylon umbellatum (Vishnukranta?) விஷ்ணுகிரந்தி?

8.Atasi = Linum usitatissimum (Aali Vithai in Tamil)

9.Ati balaa = Sida rhombifolia

10.Atimuktaka = Chrysanthemum indicum (Sevantige in Kannada)சிவந்தி

11.Apamarga = Achyranthes aspera (Uttarane in Kan.)

12.Amrta = Eulophia campestris or Tenospora cordifolia (amrtaballi in Kan.)

13.Amba = Pongamia glabra (Honge in Kan.)

14.Arani = Breynia rhamnoides/

15.Arista = Xanthium strumarium

16.Arka = calotropis gigantea (Ekke in Kan and Erukku in Tamil)எருக்கு

17.Arjuna = Terminalia arjuna (matti or Bili matti in Kan.)மருத மரம்

18.Asmantaka = Bauhinia tomentosa? (Vanasampige in Kan)

19.Asvakarna= Shorea robusta (Raladamara in Kan.)சால மரம்

20.Asvagandha = Withania somnifera (Sogade beru in Kan.)

21.Asvattha = Ficus religiosa (Arasa Maram in Tamil)அரச மரம்

22.Asana = Bridelia montana = Benga mara in Kan.

23.Amra = Magnifera indica (Mavina mara in Kannada; Ma Maram in Tamil) மா மரம்

24.Amraataka = Spondias magnifera (Ambate mara in Kannada

25.Iksu = Saccharum officinarum = Kabbu. In Kannada)கரும்பு

26.Asoka = sarasa idica அசோக மரம்

27.Inguda = Balanites aegyptiaca (Ingalika mara in Kan., Nanjunda in Tamil)நஞ்சுண்டா

28.Indra taru or Svetakutaja= Wrightia tinctoria (kirigodesige in Kan)

29.Udumbara + Ficus racemosa அத்தி மரம்

30.Usira = Vetiveria zizanioides (Lavanca in Kan.)

31.Ela = Elettaria cardomonum (Elakkay in Tamil) ஏலக்காய்

32.Kakubha = Lagarstroemia speciose (Cemmaruta in Malayalam)

33.Kangu = Setaria italic (Navane akki in Kan.)

34.Katambhara = Picorrhiza Kurroa or Helleborus niger (Katukarohini in Tam., Kan.) கடுகரோகிணி

35.Katuka = see above 34 (Kadukkay is different)

36.Kantakari = Solanum xanthocarpus (Nelagulla in Kan.) கண்டங்கத்தரி

37.Kataka = Strychnus potatorum = Clearing nut tree (cilliamara in Kan., Tettaa maram in Mal)

38.Kadamba = Anthocephalus indicus கடம்பமரம்

39.Kadali = Musa paradisiac (Bale in Kan. Vazai maram in Tam.) வாழை

40.Kapikachchu = Colocasia esculenta (Kesavu in Kan., Sembu in Mal., Tamil )சேம்பு

41.Kapitha = Feronica elephantum = Wood apple (Vilam pazam in Tam.Belada mara in Kan.)விளாம்பழம்

42.Kamala = Nelumbo nucifera (Tavare hu in Kan., Tamarai in Tamail, mal.) தாமரை

43.Kampillaka = Mallotus philippinensio (Honne mara in Kan)

44.Karanja = Pongamia pinnata (Honge in Kan., Korngu in Telugu)

45.Karavira = Nerium indicum அரளி

46.Karira = Capparis decidua

47.Karnikara = Pterospermum acerifolium (kanaka champaka in Kan) செண்பகம்

48.Karcura = Hedychium spicatum

49.Karpasa = Gossypium herbaceum (hatti in Kan.) பருத்தி

50.Kalama – Gryza sativa (Rice variety Kalame in Kan.)

51.Kallola = Luffa echinata (Devadangar in Kan.?)

52.Kakodambarika = Ficus hispida (Peyatti in tam. And Mal) பேயத்தி

53.Kasmari = Gmelina arborea (Kulimara in Kan. And Gumuducettu in Telugu)

54.Kutaja = Holarrhena antidysenterica (kodasige in Kan.and Kodisepala in Telugu)

Kunda = Jasmium multiflorum (dundu mallige in Kan and Mogra in Marathi) மல்லிகை